2025版高考英语大一轮复习第1部分Unit3Inventorsandinventions教案含解析新人教版选修8

PAGEPAGE1Unit3Inventorsandinventions[话题单词]1．inventv． 独创2．createv． 创建3．creativeadj. 有创建力的4．patentn． 专利证书；专利权5．diligencen． 努力6．favoriteadj. 最喜爱的7．motivatevt. 激励8．hobbyn． 爱好9．appetiten． 嗜好10．self－confidencen． 自信11．talentn． 才能12．availableadj. 可以利用的13．challengen． 挑战14．trendn． 趋势，倾向v． 倾向，伸向15．consultv． 请教，商议[话题短语]1．makejointefforts做出共同努力2．ingeneral大体，通常，一般而言3．achievehighefficiency达到高效4．sparenoefforttodosth.不遗余力做某事5．carryout实施6．thereisnodoubt不容置疑的7．payoff回报8．makefulluseofthetime充分利用时间9．achieveone’sambition实现某人的志向10．keeppacewith跟上……的最新发展[话题佳句]1．Necessityisthemotherofinvention.须要是独创之母。2．SoIamdeterminedtomeetthechallenge.因此，我决心迎接挑战。3．Myidealistobeawell－knownscientist.我的志向是想成为一位著名的科学家。4．Itwasawonderfulinventionatthetime.在当时那是一项了不得的独创。5．Hewasfullofinvention—alwaysmakingupnewusefulproducts.他有丰富的创建力——总是能创建出新颖 的，有用的产品。[佳作背诵]科技创新大赛假定你是李华，你所在的城市最近举办了“科技创新大赛”，你参与了此项竞赛并设计了一件具有新功能的日常生活用品。请用英文写一封邮件，将你的创意与你的英国挚友Tom共享。要点如下：1．设计理由；2．介绍新功能；3．你的感想。留意：1.词数不少于100；2．可适当增加细微环节，以使行文连贯。DearTom，Recentlyacompetitionoftechnologicalinnovationhasbeenheldinourcity.EverytimeInoticemyteacherswipingtheirhandwritingawayfromtheblackboardandthentheirhandsbecomingdusty，Ihopetoofferthemsomehelp，soIdesignedamagicpenforthem.Theappearanceofmypenisdifferentfromthechalk，butresemblesacommonpen.Thenewfunctionsmakeitmoreusefulthanacommonpen.Pressingthebutton“T”，whichisspeciallyintendedforteachers，userscanwriteontheblackboardagainandagain，asthehandwritingwillbeclearedupautomaticallyafterafewseconds.Besides，youcanchangethewritingcolorseasily.Fromthetechnologicalinnovation，Ilearnedthataslongaswetaketimetoobserveourlife，wecanfindwaystomakeitbetter.Doyoulikemypen?Yours，LiHua识记·思索·运用1．核心单词①courtn．法庭；法院②seizevt.抓住；捉住；夺③refrigeratorn．冰箱④tapvt.&vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲n．轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头⑤freezingadj.冰冻的；寒冷的⑥bearvt.忍受bore(过去式)borne(过去分词)⑦filen．文件；档案vt.提交；将……归档⑧wiren．金属丝；电线→wirelessadj.无线的⑨merryadj.开心的；兴奋的→merrilyadv.兴奋地；开心地⑩stableadj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的→stabilityn．稳定性⑪practicaladj.实际的；好用的→practisevt.练习→practicen．练习，实践⑫expectationn．预料；期盼；期望→expectv．预料；期盼；期望；认为⑬innocentadj.清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocencen．天真；清白⑭convenientadj.便利的；便利的；就近的→conveniencen．便利；便利→inconvenientadj.不便利的；引起麻烦的⑮cautionn．当心，谨慎→cautiousadj.当心的；谨慎的→cautiouslyadv.当心地；谨慎地⑯productn．产品→producevt.生产→productionn．产量→productiveadj.多产的；有创建性的2．阅读单词①strawn．稻草②gluen．胶水③perfumen．香水④jamn．果酱；堵塞⑤ripeadj.成熟的，熟的⑥powdern.粉，粉末⑦helicoptern．直升飞机⑧stainlessadj.无污点的⑨stringn．细绳，线，带⑩lanternn．灯笼；提灯⑪courtyardn．庭院，院子⑫patentn．专利权，专利证书⑬cubicadj.立方体的，立方形的⑭greengrocern．(英)蔬菜水果商⑮trianglen．三角形；adj.三角形的⑯extensionn．扩大，延长；电话分机⑰directoryn．商行名录；电话号码簿⑱personneln．全体人员；职员；人力资源；人事部⑲dynamicadj.充溢活力的，精力充足的⑳validadj.有效的，合理的，有依据的eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))versionn．译本；看法；说法eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))identificationn.鉴定，辨别eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))criterionn.标准，准则，原则(pl.)criteriaeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))passiveadj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))mercifuladj.宽大的；慈爱的；慈善的→mercyn．宽大；慈爱eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))abruptadj.突然的；意外的→abruptlyadv.突然地；唐突地eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))associatevt.联想；联系n．同伴；伙伴→associationn．协会；社团；联合；联想eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))currentn．(水或气)流；电流adj.现在的；当前的→currentlyadv.普遍地；通常地eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))distinguishvt.&vi.显示……的差别；辨别→distinguishedadj.卓著的；著名的；名贵的eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))competencen．实力；胜任；本事→competentadj.有实力的，能胜任的；能干的，称职的 用上面所给单词的适当形式填空1．Hetookmeasurestomakeuphisfault，whichreceivedourrecognition(recognize)．2．AlthoughtherearemanypracticaldifficultiesinlearningoralEnglish，youmustkeeppracticingspeakingeveryday.(practice)3．Itisfreezingoutsidenow，andmoresnowisfallingonalreadyfrozenstreets.(freeze)4．Ifnobodycanproveyourinnocence，howcanyousayyouareinnocent？(innocent)5．Heisacautiousmanandisalwaysdoingthingswithcaution.Youshouldgetonwithhimcautiously.(caution)6．YoucanvisitProfessorLiwhenitisconvenient，thatis，athisconvenience.Hishouseisconvenientlynearthebusstop.(convenient)7．Inwesterncountries，thenumber“thirteen”isusuallyassociatedwithbadluck，butactuallythereisn'tanyassociationbetweenthem.(associate)8．Themercilesskingshowednomercyandkilledalltheprisoners.(merciful)9．Thedogwaggeditstailinexpectationofabonebutwasexpectedtogoout.(expect)10．Thisismyoccasionalvisittothethemepark，inwhichIoccasionallymeetthecartooncharactersIlikemost.(occasion)1．“社会交往”之“警告、提示、禁止、要求与吩咐”①caution当心②attention留意③forbid禁止④remind提示⑤warn警告⑥beawareof意识到⑦lookout当心⑧takecare当心⑨watchout当心；留意⑩claim声张⑪command要求⑫force强迫⑬order吩咐⑭request恳求⑮require要求2．“频度”高频词速记①annualadj.每年的②frequentadj.常见的；常常的③regularadj.定期的；固定的；习惯性的；常常的④occasionaladj.间或；间或⑤rareadj.罕有；很少⑥usuallyadv.常常⑦alwaysadv.总是⑧oftenadv.常常3．“学习”相关词汇一览①assignmentn．任务；作业②effortn．努力③instructionn．教化；指导；传授④progressn．进步；前进⑤referencen．参考；参照⑥revisionn．复习；温习4．“演讲；报道”相关词汇一览①lecturen．演讲；讲座②speechn．报告；演说③reportn．报告；报道④addressvt.演讲；致辞⑤deliveraspeech发表演讲⑥makeaspeech发表演讲识记·思索·运用1．动词＋介词(副词)①callup给……打电话；使想起②setabout起先；着手③diveinto快速把手伸入；一心投入④setout(todo)起先(做)⑤hangon不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住⑥getthrough设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过⑦ringback回复电话⑧ringoff挂断电话2．其他形式①nowandthen间或；有时②outoforder次序颠倒；发生故障用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1．It'stheloveandresponsibilitythathavedrivenhimtogetthroughmanyhardshipsandsurvive.2．Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen，eventhoughhe’sinhisnineties.3．Don’tyouthinkthefilesandsomeofthepaperswereoutoforder？Youhadbettersortthemout.4．Whenyouwereout，Johnrangup，andhewantedyoutoringhimback.5．ThephotosonyourWechatcallupthedayswhenweworkedtogetheronthefarmsfifteenyearsago. 6．Havingmadeuphismind，Flanksetaboutcarryingouttheplanimmediately.1．表示“起先/着手做某事”的短语精选①getdowntodoingsth②setouttodosth.③setaboutdoingsth.④settledowntosth.⑤start/begindoing/todosth.2．打电话相关短语大全①eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ringsb.up,callsb.up,phone/telephonessb.,givesb.acall/aring,/aphonecall))打电话给某人②call/ringback回电话③eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ringoff/hangup挂断电话,holdon别挂断))3．rather相关短语一览①orrather更准确地说②wouldrather宁愿③ratherthan而不是④otherthan除了在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.Thecriteriaaresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlesstheyaretrulynovel.(评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖 的，否则很难被接受。so...that...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。他的独创如此好用以至于很快就获得了专利。Hisinventionwassopracticalthathesoongotapatent.2.Followitup，exploreallaroundit，andbeforeyouknowit，youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟踪下去，不断探究，不知不觉中你就会发觉某种值得思索的东西占据着你的头脑。本句为“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”结构。给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。Givemeachance，andI’llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍StrangePatentApplicationsIsetaboutworkinginthecurrentPatentOfficeafterresigning1.fromthecourtpersonnel.Competentanddynamic，Ineverfeelpassivewhiledivingintotheidentificationsofwhetherapplicationsarevalidand2.practical(practically)accordingtothenewversionofthecriteria.Withtheexpectationofdistinguishingtheirownimportance，ducts(produce)withusnowandthen，forexample，lanternthatcan4.beattached(attach)onyourforehead，cubicwalnuts，refrigeratormadeofstrawandglue，perfume5.that/whichnobodycanbeartosmell，andsoon.Once，amanmadeatrianglehelicopterout6.ofstainlesswiresandstring.Hecalledusupandmerrilyclaimeditwasstableandconvenienttouse，andneveroutoforder.Iaskedhimtohangon，7.butthisinnocentmanjustrangoffandsetouttoflyfromhiscourtyard.I8.dialed(dial)hisnumberinthedirectorytryingtoringhimback，butnevergotthrough.OwingtomercifulGodblessing，anabruptfreezingrainfallmadehisfuelpowderwet.Luckily，thetroublewaswithoutanyextensionexcept9.thathecrashedintoagreengrocer'smakingalltheripefruitsbecomemessyjam.Whenpeopleseizedthiscrazymanwithcautionandsoberedhimbytappinghisface，hecomplainedaboutthebadweatherinsteadof10.associating(associate)hisfailurewithhisunscientificdesign.Note：sober/'səʊbə(r)/adj.冷静的；有节制的；朴实的distinguishvt.&vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别(教材原句)Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.这回我有机会来表现一下自己了，我要独创某种慈爱的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会损害它们。拓展词：distinguishedadj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的distinguishableadj.易辨别的，能区分的(1)distinguishbetween...and...区分/辨别……和……distinguish...from...使……有别于……，使……具有区分于……的特征distinguishoneself(as...)(作为……)表现突出(2)bedistinguishedfrom不同于……bedistinguishedby以……为特征bedistinguishedfor...因……而出名bedistinguishedas...作为……而著名(1)Everyman'slifeendsthesameway.Itisonlythedetailsofhowhelivedandhowhediedthatdistinguishonemanfromanother.每个人的生命结局都是一样的。彼此的差异只在于是怎样生活、又是怎样死的这些细微环节上面。(2)Readinggoodbookscannotonlyenrichourmindshutalsoteachustodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.阅读好书既能丰富我们的学问又能教我们辨别是非。(3)TheChinesenationisdistinguishedforitsdiligenceandcourage.中华民族以勤劳英勇著称。(4)写作实力提升eq\x(句式升级)Hewasdistinguishedforhisknowledgeofeconomicsandwaselectedasheadoftheeconomicschool.(用分词短语作状语改写)Distinguishedforhisknowledgeofeconomics，hewaselectedasheadoftheeconomicschool.(5)单句语法填空eq\x(走进高考)(2024·浙江卷)Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent，ambition，energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguished(distinguish)writer.cautionn．当心；谨慎(教材原句)ThistimewithgreatcautionIbentdowntoexaminethesnakesandIfoundthemverysleepy.这次我特别谨慎地弯腰去检查那些蛇，发觉它们很困。拓展词：cautiousadj.当心的；谨慎的cautiouslyadv.当心谨慎地(1)withcaution当心地(2)becautiousabout/of...对……当心谨慎becautioustodosth.做……当心谨慎(1)Thetruthisabeautifulandterriblething，andshouldthereforebetreatedwithgreatcaution.真相是一种漂亮而可怕的东西，因此须要特别谨慎地对待。(2)TheteachergaveTomacautionandtoldhimnevertodoitagain.老师给了汤姆一次警告，叫他不许再那样做。(3)单句语法填空①Thegirlswereafraidofsnakesandpickedtheirwayalongwithextremecaution.②Healwaysputsforwardunusualplans.Sobecautiousaboutthembeforeyoudecidetojoinin.③Ifshehadbeenevenmorecautious(cautious)，shewouldn'thavemadethatmistake.④Shelookedcautiously(cautious)aroundandthenwalkedawayfromthehouse.associatev．使联合；联想，联系；交往n．同伴；伙伴(教材原句)Althoughheismostoftenassociatedwiththeinventionofthetelephone，hewasindeedacontinuingsearcherafterpracticalsolutionstoimprovethequalityofeverybody'slife.虽然他始终以独创电话著名于世，但是他的确是一个永不停息的探究者，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的可行方法。拓展词：associationn．[C]协会；社团；[U]联合；结合；交往(1)associate...with...把……和……联系起来beassociatedwith和……有关associatewith和……交往或打交道(2)inassociationwith和……联合；与……有关(1)Theearthquakesaresaidtobecloselyassociated(associate)withlarge-scaleicelossevents.据说地震与大规模的冰川消融有亲密关系。(2)Youmustbearitinmindthatyoushouldneverassociatewithbadcompanions.你必需谨记恒久不要和坏人打交道。(3)单句语法填空①Inthechildren'smindssummerisassociated(associate)withpicnics.②Weareworkinginassociation(associate)withalocalcompanytoraisemoneyforthehomeless.③Thefirststeptomakingfriendsisassociating(associate)withotherpeople.(4)写作实力提升eq\x(句式升级)Therearemanyserioushealthproblemswhichareassociatedwithsmoking.①Therearemanyserioushealthproblemsassociatedwithsmoking.(用过去分词短语作定语改写)②Therearemanyserioushealthproblemsinassociationwithsmoking.(association)callup给……打电话；使……回忆起(教材原句)WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.我给住在乡下的母亲打电话时，她感到很心烦。(1)callat探望(某个地点)calloff取消；停止callon/upon探望(某人)；号召callfor呼吁；要求；须要；去接(某人)callout大声地说出；吩咐某人出动callin召集；召来(2)ring/callback回复电话ringoff/hangup挂断电话givesb.aring/call给某人打电话(3)hang/holdon不挂断电话(1)Yourlettercallsupthosepleasantdayswhenweworkedtogether.你的来信使我回想起那些我们一起工作的欢乐日子。(2)Duringthewar，allyoungmenwerecalleduptofightinthearmy，thenavyortheairforce.斗争时期，全部的年轻人都被征召参与陆军、海军或空军。(3)用call相关短语的适当形式填空。①Theydecidedtocallinadoctorbecausethechildwasnotanybetter.②Thisisaproblemthatcallsforanimmediatesolution.③Theboyonwatchstartedcallingoutwhenhesawsomebodyapproaching.④Hehadtocalloffthemeetingbecauseofthebadweather.⑤Thispicturecalls/calledupmymemoriesoftheamusingexperience.⑥Wecalledatournewneighbour'slastweek.(4)单句语法填空eq\x(走进高考)(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Theinstructorscalledforanambulance.setabout起先；着手(教材原句)Isetaboutresearchingthehabitsofsnakestofindtheeasiestwaytotrapthem.我着手探讨蛇的习性，以便能找到最简单的方法捉住它们。setaboutsth./doingsth.＝setouttodosth.起先/着手(做)某事setout动身，启程setoff动身，动身；使爆炸setaside留出；对……不予以考虑setdown登记，写下setup建立，开办；开业；树立；造成，产生；支配setofffor＝setoutfor＝leavefor动身(到某地去)(1)Theysetabouttheirworkwithgreatenthusiasm.他们以极大的热忱投入到工作中。(2)Setasidesometimeeachdaytowrite，evenifitisonlyfiveminutes.每天留出一点儿时间来写作，哪怕只有5分钟。(3)用set相关短语的适当形式填空①Wesetaboutdiscussingwhenandhowweshouldfinishthetask.②Thesoonerwesetaboutit，thesoonerwe'llfinishit.③AsatraditionalwaytocelebratetheSpringFestival，settingofffirecrackersiswelcomedbymostChinesepeople.④Heisusedtosettingdownhisimportantthoughtsinhisdiary.Followitup，exploreallaroundit，andbeforeyouknowit，youwillhavesomethingworththinkingabouttooccupyyourmind.跟随它，在它的四周探究，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占据你的大脑。本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式。祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句。(1)“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。(2)“祈使句＋or/orelse/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋否定条件状语从句＋主句”。(3)“名词词组＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more，another等词。(1)Learntounderstand，andyouwillkeepawayfromaworldfullofsadnessanddisappointment.学会理解，你就会远离满是哀痛和悲观的世界。(2)Ifyoumakeonemoreeffort，youwillsucceed.＝Onemoreeffort，andyouwillsucceed.＝Makeonemoreeffort，andyouwillsucceed.假如你再努力些，你就会胜利。(effort)(3)Workharderand/thenyouwillsucceedinyourstudies.＝Ifyouworkharder，you'llsucceedinyourstudies.＝Workingharder，youwillsucceedinyourstudies.假如你努力学习，在学习上你就会胜利。(work)(4)写作实力提升eq\x(一句多译)假如你不刻苦学习，你就会考试不及格。①Studyhard，or/otherwiseyou'llfailinyourexams.②Ifyoudon'tstudyhard，you'llfailinyourexams.③Youwillfailinyourexamsunlessyoustudyhard.(5)单句语法填空eq\x(走进高考)(2024·北京卷)Inanyunsafesituation，simplypressthebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Manyworkerssaidtheycouldn'tbear(忍受)thelonghours.2．Amarriageprovidesasafeandstable(安定的)homeforthehusbandandwife.3．Morethan100,000peoplediedperyearbecauseofpassive(被动的)smoking.4．Inmyopinion，onlybyfacingdifficultiesbravelyandseizing(抓住)opportunitiescanonesucceed.5．Leaveabasinofwateroutsideinfreezing(寒冷的)weather，anditwillsoonbecoveredwithice.6．Whatcriteria(标准)areusedforassessingastudent'sability?7．He'stooyoungtodistinguish(区分)rightfromwrong，andneedsyourguidance.8．Thatgirltapped(轻敲)herfingersonthedeskimpatiently.9．Shehassucha(n)innocent(无辜的)facethatIfindithardtobelieveanythingbadofher.10．Weallhaveanexpectation(期盼)thathecanpassthedrivingtestnextweek.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Thesoundofseagullscalledinhishappymemoriesofhischildhood.in→up2．Whenyoucometoschool，pleasevisitmyofficeforyourconvenience.for→at3．Wetriedinvaintoreachyoulastnight.Wasyourphoneoutoftheorder？去掉the4．Thenewgovernmentmustsetoutfindingsolutionstothecountry'economicproblems.out→about5．Seizethechanceandyouwillregretit.and→or/otherwise6．Ithinkyousbouldbecautionaboutgivingyouraddresstostrangers.caution→cautious7．Ifeelhonoredtohavethechancetolive，workandassociateforthem.for→with8．Distinguishingforitsdiligenceandcourage，theChineseNationhasattractedtheattentionfromtheworld.Distinguishing→DistinguishedⅢ.教材与语法填空Whenthewritercalleduphermotherinthecountryside1.onthephone，shelearnedthatsnakescameneartheirhouseandthatthesnakes2.seemed(seem)tohavemadetheirhomethere.Thewriterfeltproudandconsidered3.itachanceforhertodistinguishherselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.Shesetabout4.researching(research)thehabitsofsnakes.Shedecidedtocoolthemsothattheycouldbeeasilycaught.5However，herfirsttwoplanswerenotsuccessful.As6.aresult，shehadtoattempta7.thirdtime，whichhelpedherfulfillheraim8.successfully(success)．9.Pressed(press)byherfriendsandrelations，shedecidedtosendher10.invention(invent)tothepatentofficetogetrecognitionforhersuccessfulidea.Ⅳ.教材与短文改错AlexanderGrahamBellbornin1847inScotland.Whenhewasyoung