Narrative Write a list of 15 adjectives Write a story 叙事写一个15个形容词写一个故事

NarrativeTherapy

Counseling420,IntroductiontoFamilyCounseling.

Dr.JeffreyKEdwards.NortheasternIllinoisUniversity.Chicago,ILTheWolfandLittleRed.Apostmodernstory.Well,tobeginatthebeginning,yousee,I'mreallynotthepersonyouseehere-I'mreallyawolf;notanykindofspecialwolf,justaregularwolfwhowas,onthatfatefuldaylongago,tryingtobeagoodwolf.

Theforestwasmyhome.Ilivedthereandsinceitwasmyhome,Icaredaboutit.Itriedtokeepitneatandclean,safe;youknow-allthosegoodthingsaboutthebalanceofnatureandall.

IthappenedonesunnydaywhileIwasgoingaboutmybusinessintheforest(let'ssee,Iwascleaningupsomedebriswhichacamperhadleftfromthepreviousday)whenIheardthesoundoffootsteps.Ileapedbehindatreeandsawaratherplainlittlegirlcomingdownthetrailcarryingabasket.Now,sincemyjobistokeeptheforestsafeandcleanandneat,itisimportantthatIknowwhat'sgoingonintheforest-tokeepundesirablesout,andtomakesurethatmyhomeremainsafitplaceformeandallmyfriendstolive."TheMalignedWolf"Iwassuspiciousofthislittlegirlrightawaybecauseasidefromthebasketshewascarrying(whichcouldholdallsortsofthings)shewasdressedfunny-allinredandwithherheadcoveredsoastoseemlikeshedidn'twantpeopletoknowwhoshewas.So,naturallyIstoppedtocheckherout.Iaskedwhoshewas,whereshewasgoing,whereshehadcomefrom,whyshewastraveling,andwhatever.Shegavemesomesonganddanceaboutgoingtohergrandmother'shouseandthatsuspiciouslookingbasketcontainedlunch.Ididn'tbelieveheratfirst,butasIlistenedfurther,sheappearedtobeabasicallyhonestperson,andharmless.Butshewasinmyforestandshecertainlylookedsuspiciouswiththatstrangegetupofhers,andIwasworriedthathavingherprancingdownthepathlookinglikethatmightscaremyfriendsandmighteventemptaforestcreaturenotasresponsibleandkindasI,tothreatenher,thusthreateningthesafetyofmyforest.SoIdecidedtoteachheralessonsoshemightlearnhowseriousitistoprance(skipping,Ithinkshecalledit)throughtheforestunannouncedanddressedfunny.

Ilethergoonherway,andranaheadtohergrandmother'shouseandwhenIsawtheniceoldwoman,Iexplainedmyproblem.Beingaforestcreatureherself,seeingasshelivedinasmallclearingontheedgeoftheforest,sheagreedthathergranddaughterneededtolearnalessonwhich,obviously,thegirl'smother,whowasthegrandmother'sdaughter,hadfailedtoteach.TheoldwomanagreedtostayoutofsightuntilIcalledher.Actually,shehidunderthebed.

Whenthegirlcametothedoor,IinvitedherintothebedroomwhereIwasinbeddressedlikethegrandmother.Thegirlcameinallrosycheckedandsaidsomethingnastyaboutmybigears(whichshehadnobusinessdoingsinceIcan'tdoanythingaboutmyearsanymorethanyoucan).Anyway,I'vebeeninsultedbeforesoItookthehurtandmadethebestofitbysuggestingthatmybigearswouldhelpmetohearbetter.Now,IthoughtthatwasaneatthingtosayinresponsetoherinsultbecauseIthoughtitmeantIlikedherandwantedtopaycloseattentiontowhatshewassaying.Butwhatdoesshedo?Shemakesanotherinsultingcrackaboutmybulgingeyes.Imagine!Here'salittlegirlwhothoughtshewastalkingtoherbelovedgrandmotherandshemakestwoinsultingcracksinarow!AndafterItriedtobenicewhensheinsultedmethefirsttime.

NowyouseehowIwasbeginningtofeelaboutthisgirlwhohadputonsuchanicefront,butapparentlywasaverynastylittleperson.Iwasactuallymostconcernedaboutthefeelingsofthegrandmotherwhocouldhearalloftheseinsultsfromunderthatverybed!ButI'vemadeitapolicytoturntheothercheeksoItoldherthatmybigeyeshelpedmetoseeherbetter.

Wouldn'tyouthinkthatshewouldgetthemessagethatI'mnotgoingtoplayhernastyputdowngame?

Nother!

Myplanhadbeentotalkwithherforawhileandthencarefullyremovethegrandmotherclothingtoshowthegirlthatshesimplymustbemorecarefulandalert.Buthernextinsultgottome.I'vegotthisproblemwithmyteeth.MyparentswerepoorwolvesandneverhadthemoneytohavegooddentistrydoneonmesoI'vegotkindofprominentteeth.Andthatlittlebratmadeaninsultingcrackaboutmylargeteeth!Okay.I'vetriedtobeniceallalong,butI'msensitiveaboutmylargeteeth.Andherinsultaboutmylargeteethmademeveryangry.IknowthatIshouldhavehadbettercontrol,butthat'swaterunderthebridge,astheysay.Anyway,Ileapedupfromthatinsultandangrilygrowledthatmyteethwouldhelpmetoeatherbetter.

Now,let'sfaceit-nowolfcouldevereatalittlegirl-everyoneknowsthatandbesides,youknowmewellenoughbynowtoknowthatI'dneverhurtanything,It'sjustthatIgotveryangryallofasudden.

Butthatcrazylittlegirllostalltouchwithreality,Shestartedrunningaroundscreaming-mechasinghertocalmherdown-(I'dalreadytakenoffthegrandmotherclothes,butthatonlyseemedtomakeitworse).Thegrandmother,incidentally,nevercameouttohelpme.Allofasuddenthedoorcamecrashingdown-somelumberjackdestroyedthedoorwithhisaxasthoughtherewereafouralarmfire.Ilookedathim-andthenatthathystericallittlegirl-andallofasuddenitbecameclearwhatIwasinto.ThelumberjackthoughtIwasattackingthegirl.Well,IcouldunderstandhisviolentintentionsthensoIturnedtohimtoexplainandjustthenheswunghisax,splittingmeopenrightacrossthemiddle.TheblowwassohardthatIflewacrosstheroomandandlandedontheothersideofthebed.Aboutthattimethegrandmotherfinallygotittogetherandcameoutfromunderthebed.IlaytherethinkingthatIoughtnottomakeanysuddenmovesbecausetherewasthataxstillinthelumberjack'shand,soIjustlaystillandtheyleftthehouse,thinkingthatIwasdying.Thegrandmotherneverdidtellthemwhatwasgoingonthere.

I'vehadahardtimeforgivingherforthat.

ButIdidn'tdie,althoughIwasprettysickforalongtime.AndnowpeopleseemtothinkI'mamean,nastyguy.I'vehadtochangemyappearanceandmyjob.I'dmuchratherbeawolfandreturntomyforest,butIcan'ttakethatchanceaslongastherearesomanypeoplewhothinkI'mdangerous.Why,evenlittlechildreninschoolaretaughtthatI'mmeanandnasty.I'velosteverythingandjustbecauseIwastryingtohelp,tryingtokeepmyforestsafeforeveryone-evenforthatlittlegirl.

Well,nowyouknowMYstory,andIfeelbetteralreadyfortellingyou.ItdoesseemtobebetterwhenI'mnotcarryingallthoseburdensbymyself.Thankyouforlistening.

Fearn,Lief."TheMalignedWolf,"IndividualDevelopment:Creativity,EducationImprovementAssociated,SanDiego,California,1974.

Howdidyoufeelabout(thewolf,LittleRed,grandmother,thelumberjack)beforethestory?After?Atwhatpointinthestorydidyourperspectivechange?Atwhatpointdidyourattitudeabout(thewolf,LittleRed,grandmother,thelumberjack)change?Doyouagreeordisagreewiththetitle?Wasthewolfmaligned?Refertothetexttosupportyouranswer.Thewolfsaidhehadaplaninmindwhenhedresseduplikethegrandmother.Whatwashisplan?Usethetexttosupportyouranswer.Whydidthewolffeelthelittlegirlwasthreateningtheforest?Doyouthinkhejustdidn'twantherintheforestbecauseshelooked,dressedandacteddifferently?Whendoyouthinkthisnewversionwaswritten?Why?(Recently?Focusonenvironment-2ndparagraph.)Doweasasocietyjudgepeopleontheirdress?Examples?Towhatconclusiondidthelumberjackjump?Howdoesthisstorytieintothewaysweperceivehistoryasbeingwritten?Inaresearchpaper,whydowegotomorethanonesource?Faithvs.Belief“Beliefistheinsistencethatthetruthiswhatonewould‘lief’orwishittobe...Faith...isanunreservedopeningofthemindtothetruth,whateveritmayturnouttobe.Faithhasnopreconceptions;itisaplungeintotheunknown.Beliefclings,butfaithletsgo...faithistheessentialvirtueofscience,andlikewiseofanyreligionthatisnotself-deception.〞 –AlanWattsTheTalmudThehighestformofwisdomiskindness.FuturePull"Youhavetogofetchthefuture.It'snotcomingtowardsyou,it'srunningaway."–ZuluproverbFaithTakethefirststepinfaith.Youdon'thavetoseethewholestaircase,justtakethefirststep.–Dr.MartinLutherKingJr.

PhilosophicalframeworkstoponderPostmodernism–

SecondOrderCybernetics Constructivism(radicaland social)

Epistemology– Narrative– Liberationphilosophy-Steinglass’seditorialonFamilyTherapy’sFuture,(FamilyProcess,1996),reportedthat“Narrativeapproachestofamilytherapyhavesurelycapturedtheimaginationandinterestinourfield,reflectedinthefactthatmanuscriptsabouttheseapproachesrepresentthelargestgroupofsubmissionstoourjournalthesedays.〞(p.).“Withintheshorttimespanoffiveyears,〞NicholsandSchwartz(2001)wrote,that“thenarrativemodeldominatesfamilytherapy〞(p.387).PostmodernandNarrativepsychotherapieshavebeenevidentinthefieldsincetheearly1980s,asisevidencedbythefamousFamilyTherapyNetworkercoverdepictingEpistemologyMan(1988),thatheraldedthenewstoallthattherewasadifferentbreedoftherapistpracticingnow.Hallmarksofapostmodern/narrativetherapyusuallyincludeanonpathologizingstance,theflatteningofhierarchy,andacollaborativeorco-constructedtherapyexperience,asopposedtothemodernist,traditionalmedicallymodeledtherapies(Edwards&Chen,1999).Toapostmodern/narrativetherapist,thepersonisn’ttheproblem,theproblemis,andtheyarguethat“toooftenclientsaren’theardbecausetherapistsaredoingtherapytothemratherthanwiththem〞(NicholsandSchwartz,2001,p.205).Inaddition,modernisttherapistsareusuallyessentialistsbelievingthatthereisacoretoeachhumanbeing,whilepostmodernistsseepeopleasevolvingandchangingaccordingtothecontextwithwhichtheyinteract(Gergen,2000).Narrative-Viewofhumannature

PeoplehavegoodintentionsPeopleliveinparticularsociopoliticalandhistoricalcontextsThelogicalpositiveviewofultimatetruthsarepartoftheprobleminthedevelopmentofwhatiscalled“mentalillness〞and“familydysfunctions.〞Peopleareobjectifiedandtheirrichpersonalstoriesofsuccessesaremarginalizedandcolonizedbynormingthemwithothers.

Narrative-Viewofhumannature

Peopleinternalizeandtakeonthe“identity〞oftheobjectifiedcategories.Theythendescribethemselvesasif:“Ihaveabehaviordisorder,〞or“Iamparanoid.〞Peopleareseparatefromtheirproblems.Theproblemistheproblem,thepersonisnottheproblem.DiagnosticCategoriesstealstheuniquenessofthepersonunderscrutiny.Narrative-ViewofHumanNature

Interpretationsofexperiencesshapeourlives.Interpretationsoccurinstoriesthatorganizetheexperience.Peopleareinfluencedbydiscoursesaroundthem.Peoplecreatestoriestoorganizetheirlives.Dominantstoriestendtocolonizealternativestories(i.e.,naturalsciencevs.newscienceinvolvedinparadigmshifts).Narrative-Developmentofpathology

Storiesarefullofgapswhichpersonsmustfillinorderforthestoriestobeperformed.Thesegapsrecruitthelivedexperienceandtheimaginationofpersons.Witheveryperformance,personsarereauthoringtheirlives.Theevolutionoflivesisakintotheirprocessofreauthoring,theprocessofpersons’enteringstories,takingthemoverandmakingthemtheirown.(White&Epston,1990,p.13.Problem-saturatedstoriesaretheresult.Narrative-Natureofchange

Peoplecandevelopalternativeandempoweringstories.Peoplecancoauthornewstoriesoftheirlives.Externalizetheproblem,theproblemistheproblem.Narrative-Natureofchange

Find“uniqueoutcomes.〞Challengeassumptions.Increasepersonalagency.Narrative-Therapeuticrelationship

Takecollaborativelisteningposition.Searchforstrengthsandresourcefulnessinstories.Usequestionstotakeanon-imposingrespectfulapproach.Neverlabelpeople.LevelthehierarchicalplayingfieldofRx.

Narrative-Stagesoftreatment

Initialsession-

Howpeoplespendtime

Lookforcompetenciesandstrengths.Askforuniqueoutcomes.Attempttoexternalizetheproblem.Giveitaname.Askboth

Narrative-Stagesoftreatment

Askexternalizingquestions

Describe“it〞

Whateffectsdoes“it〞have?

Personifyexternalproblem

Askwhoisincharge

Narrative-Techniques

Externalizingproblem

CanyourememberatimewhenXtriedtotakeover,butyoudidn’tletit?

Howdidyoudothat?

Narrative-Techniques

Revisewholestory.

WhatdoesitsayaboutyouasapersonthatyouwereabletodefeatX?

WhatqualitiesofpersonalityallowedyoutodoX?

WhatfromyourpastallowedyoutodoX?

Narrative-Techniques

Reinforcenewstory.Findnewaudienceorgroupthatsupportsnewnarrative.Openingspaceforneworhiddenstoriestoemerge.Letterwritingtothickentheemergingnewstory.Involveotherstothickenthestory.

ExternalizationExercise

JillFreedmanandGeneCombsPickacharactertrait,qualityoremotionthatyoufeelyouhavetoomuchoforthatotherpeoplesometimescomplainaboutinyou.Makesureitisinadjectiveform,asadescriptionofyou,forinstance,“angry,〞“competitive,〞“guilty,〞or“nitpicky.〞Inthefollowingsetofquestions,fillinthetraitoremotionwherewehave“X.〞Asyoureadthesequestions,substitutingthetraitoremotionforX,answerthemtoyourself.HowdidyoubecomeX?WhatareyoumostXabout?WhatkindofthingshappenthattypicallyleadtoyourbeingX?WhenyouareX,whatdoyoudothatyouwouldn’tdoifyouweren’tX?WhataretheconsequencesforyourlifeandrelationshipsofbeingX?WhichofyourcurrentdifficultiescomefrombeingX?Howisyourself-image