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第六章

词考点导图

在近5年广东中考中,语法选择主要考查方位介词和其他介词的用法。学生在做题时需要结合语境分析句意,再根据介词的词义和用法来选择正确的答案,如(2020.31)(2021.34)。1

(2020)Oneday,herteacherwentintotheclassroom______31______somekites.A.to B.in C.with D.by真题解析

考查介词with表示“有;具有;带有”。故选C。2

(2021)Thebridgeruns______34______twomountains.A.at B.under C.among D.between真题解析

考查方位介词between表示“在(两者)之间”。故选D。3

(2022)Shewasbornandraised______31______avillageinHebeiprovince.A.in B.for C.with真题解析

考查方位介词“in+大地点”。故选A。4

(2023)Theyhadatasteofwhatitwasliketotravel______34______space.A.on B.in C.for真题解析

考查方位介词“in+大地点”。故选B。

在近5年广东中考中,短文填空主要考查时间介词、方位介词及含有介词的固定搭配。学生需结合具体语境,再结合介词的词义和用法或根据固定搭配选用相应的介词,如(2023.70)(2024.73)。1

(2020)Janetookpartinawintercamp______67______theageofeight.真题解析

考查含有介词的固定搭配attheageof(在……岁时)。故填at。2

(2021)HeisWilliam,anAmericanwhohaslivedinChina______67______33years.真题解析

考查时间介词“for+时间段”用于完成时的用法。故填for。3

(2022)Teaismostlyproduced______69______AsiancountrieslikeChinaandIndia.真题解析

考查方位介词“in+大地点”。故填in。4

(2023)Astimewent______70______,theformsoftoothbrusheschanged.(选项:by)真题解析

考查含有介词的固定搭配goby(时间流逝)。故填by。5

(2024)Thesecreateasenseofcommunity______73______bikers.(选项:among)真题解析

考查方位介词among表示“在(三者或三者以上)之间”。故填among。考点精讲精练1.at,on和in考点1时间介词介词用法举例at用于具体的时间点前at9o'clock在9点用于节日名称前atChristmas在圣诞节,attheSpringFestival在春节用于一些固定搭配中atnoon在中午,atnight在夜里on用于具体某一天、星期几和含有

Day的节日前onMay1st在5月1日,onMonday在星期一,

onChildren'sDay在儿童节用于具体某一天的上午、下午、

晚上前onMondaymorning在星期一早上,

onthenightofMay2nd在5月2日的晚上in用于世纪、年、月、季节前inthe21stcentury在21世纪,inJanuary在1月,inspring在春天用于泛指的上午、下午、晚上前inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上口诀一:点用at,段用in,日子前面加个on。口诀二:in在年月季节前,on在星期日子前,at放在钟点前,早晚下午要用in,夜晚正午要用at,前有修饰要用on,of前面on代in。【注意】在this,that,last,next,every等词的前面不能再加介词。如:Iwokeupat6o'clockthismorning.今天早上我6点钟醒来。2.since,for和from介词意义及用法举例sincesince+时间点,多与现在完成时连用,意为“自从……”,用于说明动作的起始时间IhavelearnedEnglishsincetenyearsago.我10年前就开始学英语。forfor+时间段,多与现在完成时连用,意为“已经多长时间了”,用于说明动作的延续时间(2021.67),常用来回答由howlong引导的问句—HowlonghasWilliambeenavolunteer?威廉做志愿者多久了?—For10years.有10年了。from常与介词to连用,构成“from…to…”结构,意为“从……到……”,不能用于现在完成时MyfathergoestoworkfromMondaytoFriday.从星期一到星期五,我爸爸都要上班。3.before,after和in介词意义及用法举例beforebefore+时间点,意为“在……之前”Iwillgobacktoseeyoubeforeteno'clock.我将在10点前回来看你。before+动名词,意为“在……之前;先于”,表次序Weshouldwashourhandsbeforeeating.在吃东西前我们应该先洗手。afterafter+时间段=时间段+later,意为“在……之后”,用于过去时Hereturnedafteramonth.=Hereturnedamonthlater.一个月后他回来了。after+时间点,意为“在……之后”,用于过去时或将来时Hecamebackaftereighto'clocklastevening.他昨天晚上8点后回来的。Hewillcomebackafterteno'clockthisevening.他将在今天晚上10点后回来。inin+时间段,意为“在……之后”,用于一般将来时,常用来回答由howsoon引导的问句CCTVNewswillbegininfiveminutes.《新闻联播》将在5分钟后开始。4.by,during和till/until介词意义及用法举例byby+时间点,意为“到……的时候”,常与现在完成时连用,表示动作的完成Hehasreadabout30pagesofthebookbynow.到现在为止他已经读了这本书大约30页。duringduring+时间段,意为“在……期间”,表示一定时间中的某个时间点或时间段Duringthosethreeyears,heworkedveryhard.在那3年里,他非常努力地工作。till/until用于肯定句,意为“直到……为止”,主句的谓语动词用延续性动词Iwaitedatthegatetill/untilnineo'clock.我在门口一直等到9点钟。用于否定句,意为“直到……才”,主句的谓语动词用非延续性动词Thebankwon'tcloseuntilsixo'clock.银行要到6点钟才关门。【注意】until用于书面语或正式场合中;till则常用于口语或非正式场合中■(基础过关)单项填空()1.Aspecialfestivalwasheld_______September23rdlastyeartohonorthehardworkofChinesefarmers.(2024福建)A.in B.for C.on()2.Maryplayslightmusic_______herfreetimetoenjoythebeautyofmusic. (2024吉林)A.in B.at C.onCA()3.Hurryup,Nancy!Themeetingwillstart_______tenminutes. (2024河北改编)A.by B.in C.for()4.—ImissBillverymuchaswehaven'tseeneachother_______twoyears.—Me,too.WheneverIseethephoto,itremindsmeofthehappydayswespenttogether. (2024山东滨州改编)A.in B.for C.onBB()5._______theSpringFestival,lanternscanbeseenalmosteverywhereinmyhometown. (2024云南改编)A.From B.On C.DuringC■(能力过关)选词填空,有两词为多余项6.TheChang'e-6landedonthefarsideofthemoon____________June2,2024. (2024北京改编)7.ThePeople'sRepublicofChinawassetuponOctober1st,1949.PeoplehavecelebratedtheNationalDay____________then. (2023湖南永州改编)inonatforfromsinceduringonsince8.—Whatareyouusuallydoing____________aquartertoeightinthemorning?—Generally,Iamhavingmybreakfastathome.(2023湖南常德改编)9.____________theSpringFestivalmonth,peopleseldomhavetheirhaircut. (2023浙江温州改编)10.—HowlonghaveyoulearnedEnglish?—____________sixyears. (2023辽宁大连改编)atDuringForinonatforfromsinceduring1.in和at考点2

方位介词介词用法举例inin+大地点,如国家、省份等(5年3考)inChina在中国,inLondon在伦敦atat+小地点,如超市、车站、游泳池等atthesupermarket在超市,

atthebusstation在公交车站2.in,on和to介词用法图示举例in表示在某一地区之内的某方位(属于该范围)ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中国的东部。on表示与某地是毗邻关系(两地接壤)MongolialiesonthenorthofChina.蒙古位于中国的北面。toto表示在某一地区之外的某方位(不属于该范围,也不接壤)JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中国的东面。3.on,over,under,above和below介词意义图示举例on在……表面上Thereisanappleonthetable.桌子上有一个苹果。over在……正上方Thereisabridgeovertheriver.河上有一座桥。under在………正下方WesailedundertheGoldenGateBridge.我们在金门大桥下航行。above在……上方

(不一定是正上方)Thegreatbirdhoveredhighaboveourheads.那只大鸟在我们头顶高处盘旋。below在……下方

(不一定是正下方)Herskirtreachesjustbelowherknees.她的裙子刚到膝盖下。【注意】表示温度时要用above和below。例

Thetemperaturesremainedbelowfreezingallday.气温整天保持在冰点以下。

4.infrontof和inthefrontof介词短语用法举例infrontof表示在物体外部的前面Therearesometreesinfrontoftheclassroom.在教室前面有一些树。inthefrontof表示在物体内部的前面Theteacher'sdeskisinthefrontoftheclassroom.讲台在教室的前面。5.between和among介词意义及用法举例between意为“在(两者)之间”(2021.34),常与and连用Thereisachairbetweenthedeskandthebed.书桌和床之间有一张椅子。among意为“在(三者或三者以上)之间”(2024.73)Amongthethreeboys,Tomisthetallestone.3个男孩中,汤姆是最高的。6.across,through,past和over介词意义举例across(从表面)横过;穿过;越过MilliewaswalkingthroughtheforestwhileJackwasswimmingacrosstheriver.当杰克正在游过这条河时,米莉正在穿过森林。through(从空间内部)穿过;通过past从旁边经过Hejustwalkedstraightpastus!他与我们擦肩而过!over从上方通过Shewouldflyovertheplaygroundandtakeherfriendsintothesky.她会飞过操场,带着她的朋友们飞上天空。7.其他常见的方位介词(短语)介词(短语)意义举例around围绕;环绕Thehouseisbuiltaroundacentralcourtyard.这房子是围绕着中央的庭院而建的。behind在……的后面Who'sthegirlstandingbehindJane?站在简身后的女孩是谁?against紧靠;倚Putthepianothere,againstthewall.把钢琴放在那儿,紧靠着墙。along沿着;顺着Theywalkedslowlyalongtheroad.他们沿着公路慢慢走。near在……附近;靠近Doyoulivenearhere?你住在这附近吗?nextto紧邻;在……近旁Wesatnexttoeachother.我们紧挨着坐在一起。opposite/acrossfrom在……对面Thebankisopposite/acrossfromthesupermarket.银行在超市的正对面。■(基础过关)单项填空()1.—Didyouhavefunwatchingthevolleyballgame?—No.Atallmanstood_______me.Icouldn'tseetheplayersatall. (2024四川凉山州)A.nextto B.acrossfrom C.infrontofC()2.ThebirdinPicture_______isbetweentheboxes.(2024甘肃白银改编)

AA. B. C.()3.Whichpictureshowsthedogisbehindthehouse? (2024甘肃临夏州改编)

CA. B. C.()4.TheMarcoPoloMemorialHallstandsattheeastendofDongguanStreet_______Yangzhou.(2024江苏扬州改编)A.at B.on C.in()5.—Whenitthunders(打雷),whydoweseelightning(闪电)first,thenhearthunder?—Becauseoureyesare_______ears.Ha-ha!Justajoke!(2024山东东营改编)A.before B.opposite C.betweenCA■(能力过关)选词填空,有两词为多余项underoppositetoatamongacrossnear6.Look!Thetrafficlightisgreen.Wecango____________theroadnow. (2023四川遂宁改编)7.Thelibraryis____________ourschool.Togetthere,wejustneedtocrossthestreet. (2023四川内江改编)8.—Isyourhome____________ourschool?—No,it'sfaraway. (2023山东济宁改编)9.Shakespeare'sworkswerepopular____________thecommonpeopleinhisday.10.It'ssohot.Wecancoolourselves___________thetree.acrossoppositenearamongunder考点3方式介词1.by,in和on表示交通方式(1)如果交通工具前没有任何限定词,用by。例TheytraveledtoChicagobytrain.他们乘火车去芝加哥。(2)如果交通工具前有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等限定词修饰,则用on或in。例Theboyfollowedthemallthewayinhiscar.男孩一路开车跟着他们。【注意】步行、骑马、骑自行车均用on。例onfoot步行,onahorse骑马,onmybike骑我的自行车2.with,in,by,on和through表示手段或工具介词意义及用法举例with意为“用……”,多用于有形的工具或身体某些部位及器官前withapen用钢笔,withourears用我们的耳朵in意为“用……”,表示使用某种语言、声音或材料inEnglish用英语,inaloudvoice用大的声音,inblueink用蓝墨水by意为“用……;通过”,多用于无形的工具或手段前。在名词前不加限定词;若接动词,动词需变成动名词形式bye-mail用邮件,bysingingsongs通过唱歌on意为“以……方式”,后常接电器、网络,多用于固定搭配onthetelephone通过电话/在电话上ontheInternet在互联网上through意为“以;凭借;因为;由于”,表示通过某人、某方式throughmyfriend通过我的朋友(得知)throughhardwork通过努力■(基础过关)单项填空()1.Wecangotoschool_______biketomakeourcitygreener. (2024四川自贡)A.by B.on C.inA()2.DengQingming,anastronautofShenzhou-15,achievedhisdream____________manyyears'hardwork.(2023四川成都A卷)A.without B.in C.through()3.Mymotheroftentellsmeit'simpolitetohitanemptybowl____________chopsticks.A.in B.on C.withCC()4.Thisstoryis____________simpleEnglish.Mylittlesistercanreadit.A.for B.in C.with()5.Iusuallygettomyoffice_______subway.Butthismorning,Iwenttowork_______myfriend'scar.A.by;by B.by;in C.in;byBB■(能力过关)选词填空,有两词为多余项byinonwithwithoutthroughto6.Youcangetthereinjust20minutes____________car.7.Pleasebecarefulwhenyoucutthemeat____________aknife.8.“Letmetellyouasecretaboutit,”hesaidtome____________alowvoice.9.IlearnFrench____________theInterneteveryday.10.Shelearnedtoplaytheguitar____________yearsofpractice.bywithinonthrough考点4其他介词介词意义及用法举例about“大约……”About300studentswanttobevolunteers.大约有300名学生想成为志愿者。“关于”,涉及文章、书籍、报告等有关内容时,可和on互换Iamreadingabookabout/onHawking.我正在读一本关于霍金的书。against“反对;违背”Theyarestronglyagainsttheidea.他们强烈反对这个主意。“撞击;碰着”Tomhithisheadagainstatreeinthedark.黑暗中汤姆的头撞到了一棵树上。as“作为;以……的身份”Asastudent,weshouldhandinhomeworkontime.作为一名学生,我们应该按时交作业。besides“除……之外还有(包含在内)”WhatlanguagecanyouspeakbesidesEnglish?除了英语,你还会说什么语言?介词意义及用法举例except“除……之外(排除在外)”,是从整体中除去一部分WewilltraveltoBeijingexceptJack.除了杰克,我们都会去北京旅游。for“为了;供”,表目的I'veboughthimawatchforhisbirthday.我给他买了块手表作为生日礼物。“给;对;供”,表对象、用途It'sabookforchildren.这是一本儿童读物。“因为;由于”,表原因Guangzhouisfamousforitsdeliciousfood.广州因它的美食而出名。“以帮助;为了”Letmecarrythatbagforyou.让我帮你拿那个包吧。“达;计”,表动作或情况持续的时间长度Bakethecakefor40minutes.将蛋糕烘烤40分钟。介词意义及用法举例for“对……来说”,用于句型:It's+adj.+forsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事是怎样的(强调事物的特点)Itisimportantforustoformgoodlearninghabits.对我们来说,养成良好的学习习惯很重要。like“像/和……一样”,常与系动词连用Thatsoundslikeaninterestingstory.那听起来像是一个有趣的故事。of“……的”,表示所属关系Tomisafriendofmine.汤姆是我的一个朋友。用于句型:It's+adj.+ofsb.todosth.某人做某事是……的(表示某人的性格、品质等)Itiskindofyoutohelpothers.你帮助别人,真是善良。构成介词短语becauseof,表原因Theyareherebecauseofus.他们是因为我们来这里的。off“离开;脱离”Keepoffthegrass.请勿踩踏草地。介词意义及用法举例to“向;朝;到;往”,表动作的目的地Shestoodupandwalkedtothewindow.她站起来,走到窗前。“向;给;对”,表动作的承受者Hesentpresentstothechildren.他给孩子们寄了礼物。with“和……一起;和;同;跟”,表伴随Canyougotothemovieswithme?

你可以和我一起去看电影吗?“有;具有;带有”,表人或物的特征或随身携带(2020.31)Shecamebackwithaletterinherhand.她手里拿着一封信回来了。without“没有”Ican'tfinishthetaskwithoutyourhelp.没有你的帮助,我无法完成任务。■(基础过关)单项填空()1.—I'mthirsty.I'dlikeabottleofwater.Howaboutyou,Bob?—Ipreferacupofcoffee_______nothinginit.(2024黑龙江绥化)A.without B.with C.toB()2.ChinaDailynamed“Growth”_______its“WordoftheYear2023”. (2024四川成都A卷)A.as B.after C.for()3.—Maria,youhavemadesuchagreatprogressinEnglish.—Thanks,Ms.Chen.Ican'tmakeit_______yourhelp.(2024四川凉山州)A.with B.without C.forAB()4.Lixia,ortheStartofSummer,isatimewhenthetemperatureincreasesquickly_______heavierrainfall.(2024内蒙古呼和浩特改编)A.against B.with C.except()5.Thetoyis____________mylittlebrother.Iboughtityesterday. (2023福建)A.for B.from C.byBA■(能力过关)选词填空,有两词为多余项withoutasofforbesideslikeexcept6.Everyoneishere____________Alan,becauseheisstillillinhospital. (2024四川眉山改编)7.Manythanks__________yourgift.Iloveit. (2023河北改编)8.PleasebringMs.Steentothewelcomeparty____________tellinghersothatshecanbesurprised. (2023湖北武汉改编)9.Whenhewasyoung,heworked_________afurniture(家具)maker. (2023浙江宁波改编)10.I'mcrazyaboutthefolkstories________YuGongMovestheMountainsandHouYiShootstheSuns.(2023四川眉山改编)exceptforwithoutaslike考点5介词短语1.介词与动词的常见搭配askfor要;请求 hearfrom收到……来信

waitfor等待 learnfrom向……学习

leavefor前往 payfor付费thinkof认为;想起 listento听

dependon依靠;取决于 laughat嘲笑

lookafter照顾 lookfor寻找arrivein/at到达 worryabout担心

goby(时间)流逝(2023.70)2.介词与名词的常见搭配ontime准时 inEnglish用英语

byhand用手工 indanger处于危险中

infact事实上 ontheleft/right在左/右边withone'shelp在某人的帮助下

inone'slife在某人的生活中attheageof在……岁时(2020.67)

toone'ssurprise使某人惊讶的是3.介词与形容词的常见搭配begoodat擅长 beproudof为……骄傲

befullof/befilledwith充满beafraidof害怕 bebusywith忙于bedifferentfrom与……不同bestrictwith对……严格

befamousfor因为……而出名

beharmfulto对……有害■(基础过关)单项填空()1.Hainanisfamous_______itsbeautifulbeaches.Manytouristsvisititeveryyear. (2024黑龙江龙东地区)A.for B.to C.asA()2.—It'stimetograduate.Weshouldsay“Thanks”toourteachers.—Ithinkso.Wehavemadegreatprogress_______theteachers'help. (2024黑龙江齐齐哈尔)A.with B.through C.under()3.Robotdogswereusedasvolunteers_______thefirsttimeduringthe2023AsianGames.(2024江苏连云港改编)A.at B.from C.forAC()4.—Coco,Ican'tunderstandthemeaningofthisword.—You'dbetterlook_______thewordinyourdictionary.(2024四川达州改编)A.for B.up C.after()5.Toomuchsugarcanbeharmful_______yourhealth.Soeatlesssugar. (2024山东东营改编)A.on B.to C.inBB■(能力过关)选词填空,有两词为多余项asonofforfrominwith6.—MayItakeyourorder,Mr.Chen?—I'dlikeacupofcoffeeandacake______usual.(2024福建改编)7.Kidsshouldspendmoretimeexercisinginstead____________playingwithmobilephones. (2024四川宜宾改编)8.IfIcancooksomesimplemeals,myparentswillnotworryaboutmewhentheyarebusy_______work.(2024四川乐山改编)9.Ihear______mypenpalthreetimesamonth.(2024西藏改编)10.Thebuswassocrowdedthattheyhadtowait____________thenextone. (2024云南改编)asofwithfromfor

▶编者按

更多介词辨析及短语归纳可见于《教材梳理》,并建议结合《早读本》进行记忆。◀语篇考点专练一、短文填空主题:汉服带来的美好回忆

词数:133难度:★

建议用时:4mins请从方框内选择适当的词,并根据需要用其正确形式填空,使文章语法正确、完整连贯。注意:每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余项。Hello,mynameisTina.IamanexchangestudentstudyinginSichuanUniversity.WhenIfirstcametoChengdu,IwassurprisedwhenIsawthetraditionalChineseclothesHanfu.___1____thatperiodoftime,IwasveryexcitedwheneverIsawpeoplewearingHanfu.SeeingIwassocrazyabouttheclothes,myChineseclassmatessuggestedmakingatraditionalChinesedress___2____me.Theyusedscissorstocutmanypiecesofclothandsewed(缝纫)them___3____aproperwaylater.withofforatduringinbyDuringforinThenmyHanfuwasthereasawhole.Ilookedbeautifulinit.SoIoftenwearit.Duringtheprocess,Ibuiltagoodrelationship___4____mynewclassmates.Iwillneverforgetthehappyexperienceforever.Hanfuhasgivenmeabetterunderstanding___5____Chineseculture.withofforatduringinbywithof1.____________ 2.____________ 3.____________4.____________ 5.____________Duringforinwithof二、语法选择主题:帮助老人拍照

词数:194难度:★★

建议用时:6minsWuMuliangisaphotographerfromavillage.Heisakindboy.Hetakes___1____foroldpeopleinhisvillage.WuMuliangisveryyoung,buthehelpshisneighbors___2____takingpictures.()1.A.photo B.photos C.photoes()2.A.with B.by C.inBBWu'sgrandparentstookcare___3____himwhenhewasalittleboy,buttheycouldn'tseeeachotheroftenafterhestartedschool.Wu'sgrandpadiedyearsago.Buttherewasnopictureofhim___4____thefamilytorememberhimwith.ThismadeWuandhisfamilyverysad.()3.A.for B.from C.of()4.A.in B.for C.toCBWuknewthatmanyoldpeople___5____hisvillagedidn'thavepictureseither.Theydidn'thavephoneswithcameraslikeus,soWuwanted___6____themtakepictures.()5.A.to B.on C.in()6.A.help B.tohelp C.helpingCBWutookpicturesofhisgrandmaandotheroldpeopleinthevillage.Someofthemwerenot

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