麦肯锡-什么是EREV？What is an EREV Extended-range electric vehicles may ease the transition to the electric future of mobility

June2025

Mcsey

&company

McKinseyExplainers

WhatisanEREV?

Extended-rangeelectricvehiclesmayeasethetransitiontotheelectricfutureofmobility.

Runningoutofgaswhileyou’redrivingisamajorinconvenience.Itcanleaveyoustranded,

sometimesmilesawayfromthenearestservicestation.Itcantakehoursofyourdaytoreach

yourdestination.Anddependingonwhereyourvehiclehasstopped,itcanputyouinanunsafesituation.

Yetmoreandmoreoftoday’sdriversfaceanotherpotentialinconvenience:runningoutof

battery.Thisiswhat’sknownas

rangeanxiety

;itencompassestheuneasethatcansurfaceforthedriverbecauseofanelectricvehicle’s(EV)limiteddrivingdistance(atleast,comparedwithaninternal-combustion-engine[ICE]vehicle),alackofconvenientchargingstations,andthe

needtorechargefrequently.Rangeanxiety,alongwiththepricetagoftheEVitself,isa

major

concernforconsumers

consideringthepurchaseofanelectricvehicle.Forprospectiveownerswholiveinapartmentsorhomeswithoutaccesstoovernightcharging,aswellasthosewho

wouldtakelong-distancetrips,thepotentiallackofpublicchargingstationscanbeaconcern.Andwhilemostdrivershaveadailycommuteoflessthan50miles,othersdrivemuchfarthertogettoandfromwork.

EREVs—orextended-rangeelectricvehicles—standtoquellrangeanxietyandmayboostEVsalesaroundtheworld.ReadonformoreonwhatEREVgrowthmaymeanforglobal

momentumtowardelectrification.

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Automotive&AssemblyPractice

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WhatarethetypesofEVs,andhowareEREVsdifferentfromothers?

Therearefivedistincttypesofelectricvehicles:

—Hybridelectricvehicles(HEVs)havebothaninternal-combustionengineandanelectric

motor,whichassistsonlyatlowspeeds.Thebatteryischargedeitherbythecombustion

engineorthroughrecuperationwhenbraking.Honda’sAccordline,forexample,featuresanHEVmodel.

—Plug-inhybridelectricvehicles(PHEVs)arepoweredbyanelectricmotoraswellasa

small

combustionengine

.Theyhaveanall-electricrangeof20to60milesandcanbechargedataregularEVchargingstation.Toyota’sPriuslineincludesaplug-inhybrid.

—Extended-rangeelectricvehicles(EREVs)aresometimesincludedinthePHEVcategory,

buttherearekeydifferencesbetweenthetwo.WhereasPHEVsuseaparallelelectric-

motorandICEpowertrainconfiguration,EREVstypicallyincludeasmallICE-powered

generatorthatrechargesthebatterypack.BothEREVsandPHEVscanbechargedatEV

chargingstations,andtheirICEenginescanberefueledattraditionalgasstations.ButmanyPHEVscanonlyslowchargeusinghomechargersorpublicchargers,whereasEREVscan

useACchargersandnewerDCfastchargers.Finally,EREVsofferalongerdrivingrange

WhatisanEREV?2

WhatisanEREV?3

thanPHEVs:usuallybetween100and200miles,comparedwith20to60milesforPHEVs.

—Batteryelectricvehicles(BEVs)relysolelyontheirbatteryforpower.Theyproduce

no

tailpipeemissions

,havenocombustionengine,andcantypicallydrivebetween200and

500milesbeforeneedingtorecharge.TheTeslaModel3andtheChevyBoltareexamplesofBEVs.

—Fuelcellelectricvehicles(FCEVs)useonlyelectricmotors.Theirelectricityis

generatedin

fuelcells

andcanbestoredinasmallbufferbattery.Fuelcellvehiclesusehydrogen(whichiscompressedintotanks)asfuel.Toyota’sMiraiandHyundai’sNexoareexamplesofFCEVs.

WhatisthecurrentmarketpresenceofEREVs?

ChinaistheonlymarketwhereEREVsarecurrentlyavailableatscale.Thevehicle’s

strongsales

momentumthere

hascaughttheattentionofautomanufacturersinEuropeandtheUnited

StatesasonepotentialwaytoboostEVsalesgrowth.EREVs,suchasthenow-discontinued

ChevyVolt,werepartofthefirstwaveofvehicleelectrificationinthe2010s.Buttheydidn’ttakeoff,becauseearlyEVadopterswereinterestedmainlyinpureBEVs.Today,though,awider

rangeofAmericansandEuropeansarebuyingEVs—notonlytheearlytech-savvyadoptersbutalsomainstreamcarbuyers.ForautomakersthathavedevelopedBEVproductionlinesbutmayhavestruggledtogetsufficientsalesvolume,theycanoftendevelopEREVsonthesameBEVplatformandachievebettereconomiesofscale.

Atpresent,onlyafew

EREVsarecommerciallyavailable

.Butindifferentgeographies,anumberofnewEREVsarescheduledtohitthemarketin2025:

—IntheUnitedStates,soon-to-releaseEREVsintheSUVandtrucksegmentsincludethe

2025Ram1500Ramcharger,whichreportsa145-milepureelectricand690-miletotaldrivingrange.

—InCanadaandtheUnitedStates,theVolkswagen-backedScoutMotorshasannounced

severalEREVmodels.Accordingtothecompany,thesemodelshavereceivedconsiderablymoredepositsthantheysawfortheirBEVs.

—InChina,LiAutohasintroducedseveralEREVs,includingitsL9,whichreportsa134-mileelectricrangeandan817-miletotalrange.Aito’sM9reportsuptoa170-mileelectricrangeandatotalrangeofupto871miles.

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Whatareconsumers’perceptionsofEREVs?

McKinsey’slate-2024surveyofmorethan2,800new-carbuyersintheUnitedStatesand

WhatisanEREV?4

2,300inGermanyandtheUnitedKingdomfoundthatasizablesegmentwouldconsideran

EREVfortheirnextvehiclepurchaseiftheoptionwereavailable.Two-thirdsofthesepotential

buyersnotedanintenttopurchaseanICEorhybridvehicleintheabsenceofanEREVoption.

ThisfindingindicatesthatEREVscouldmotivatemoreICEvehicleownerstomakethetransitiontoelectricdriving(exhibit).

Exhibit

Anextended-rangeelectricvehicleoptionappealedtoasignificantsegmentofsurveyedcarbuyers,eventhosedisinclinedtopurchaseelectricvehicles.

considerationofpotentialextended-rangeelectricvehicle(EREV)option,'shareofrespondentswhoownacartoday,%

Germany

with

EREV

withoutEREV

ption

Nextcaris

option

Internal

combustionengine(ICE)

plug-inhybridelectricvehicle(HEV)

Batteryelectricvehicle

20

13

Fuelcell

electricvehicle

3

3

EREV

N/A

15

change,

percentagepoints(p.p.)

50↓-10

↓2

↓3

个+15

unitedkingdom

withoutEREV

change,p.p.

with

ption

EREVoption

27

34

↓7

27

34

↓7

28

28

4

4

13

N/A

个+13

unitedstates

with

EREVoption

change,p.p.

withoutEREV

ICEHEV

option

5↓2

s↓ 3↓42↓

ICEHEV

70

17

3

18个+18

N/A

Note:Figuresmaynotsumto100%,becauseofrounding.

'statedintentbasedonconsumersurveyresponses.

source:MckinseycenterforFutureMobility,MobilityconsumerInsights-GermanandukdatabasedonGermanandUKEREVPerceptionsurvey,November2024,n=2,312,andUsdatabasedonUsEREVPerceptionsurvey,october2024,n=2,843

Mckinsey&company

WhatisanEREV?5

ThesurveyalsofoundthatinterestinEREVswashigheramongownersofpremium-brand

vehiclesthanamongownersofmass-market-brandcars.Currentownersoflargercarsand

SUVsalsoexpressedslightlyhigherinterestinEREVs,comparedwithownersofsmallercars.

HowdoregulationsaffectEREVadoption?

Atthemoment,theUnitedStates’regulatoryenvironmentmaymakeitthemostfavorable

marketforautomobilesgenerally—includingEREVs.TheremayalsobesignificantopportunitiesintheEuropeanUnion,despitequicklyapproachingdeadlines;by2035,zero-emissionvehiclesmustaccountforallnew-vehiclesalesintheregion.(SinceEREVsareatypeofplug-inhybrid

vehicle,theydon’tcountaszero-emissionvehicles.)

WhenconsideringwheretoselltheirEREVs,automanufacturersshouldconsidertheEuropeanUnion’snarrowwindowofopportunityagainstpotentialdevelopmenttimelines.Thiscanhelp

themdeterminewhetherEUconsumerdemandwillgenerateenoughprofittowarrantfurtherinvestmentinEREVpowertrains.

UnliketheEuropeanUnion,theUnitedStateshasnozero-emissionrequirementsinplacefornew-carsales(althoughsomestateshaveimplementedtheirownrequirements).

HowcouldEREVscontributetothetransitiontofullyelectrictransportation?

EREVscouldhelp

smooththetransition

fromICEvehiclestoBEVsbyservingasabridge

technologyforconsumersaschargingtechnologycontinuestoimproveandBEVsbecomemorecost-competitivearoundtheworld.CarbuyerswhoarehesitanttobuyanEVcouldbetemptedbyEREVs,providedthatmanufacturerscanclearlyarticulatethebenefitsofthetechnology.

Asidefromclearconsumercommunications,manufacturerswillwanttominimizetimetomarketandsimplifysupplychainsandproduction.

LearnmoreaboutMcKinsey’s

Automotive&AssemblyPractice

.Andcheckout

EV-relatedjob

opportunities

ifyou’reinterestedinworkingwithMcKinsey.

Articlesreferenced:

—“

Newtwistsintheelectric-vehicletransition:Aconsumerperspective

,”April22,2025,

PatrickHertzke

,

PatrickSchaufuss

,

PhilippKampshoff

,and

TimoMöller

,withAnna-SophieSmithandFelixRupalla

—“

Couldextended-rangeEVsnudgemorecarbuyerstowardfullelectric?

,”February10,2025,

KevinLaczkowski

and

PatrickHertzke

,withAnna-SophieSmith,DestonBarger,Madhumitha