【世界经济论坛埃森哲】2025量子技术金融服务领导者的关键战略与机遇白皮书

IncollaborationwithAccenture

QuantumTechnologies:

KeyStrategiesandOpportunitiesforFinancialServicesLeaders

WHITEPAPERJULY2025

Images:GettyImages

Contents

Foreword3

Executivesummary4

Introduction5

1

Benefitsacrossfinancialservices6

2

Quantumcomputing8

3

Quantumsensing11

4

Quantumsecurityandquantumcommunications

15

5

Strategicpillarsforstakeholders18

Conclusion23

Appendices24

Contributors26

Endnotes29

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QuantumTechnologies:KeyStrategiesandOpportunitiesforFinancialServicesLeaders2

QuantumTechnologies:KeyStrategiesandOpportunitiesforFinancialServicesLeaders3

July2025

QuantumTechnologies:KeyStrategiesandOpportunitiesforFinancialServicesLeaders

Foreword

AdamBurden

GlobalInnovationLead

andChiefSoftwareEngineer,Accenture

DavidParker

GlobalFinancialServicesIndustryPracticesChair,Accenture

Asquantumtechnologiesrapidlyadvance,theyareattractingincreasingattentionacrossindustriesgiventheirpotentialtosolvehighlycomplexproblems

andtheirdeepinterconnectionwithcybersecurity.Thefinancialservicesindustry,knownforitsearly

adoptionofemergingtechnologies,isparticularly

well-positionedtobealeaderinquantumintegration.Whiletheevolutionofquantumisstillinitsnascentstages,itisessentialthatstakeholdersthroughoutfinancialservicesshareinsightsandlessonslearnedfromexperimentation.Suchcollaborationwillbe

necessarytoaccelerateinnovationandsafeguardtheintegrityoftheglobalfinancialsystem,

benefittingallparticipants.

Casestudiesplayacriticalroleingroundingthis

dialogue,offeringreal-worldperspectivesthatcaninformthestrategydecisionsoffinancialservicesexecutives.Theidentificationofcorepillars,or

sharedareasoffocus,isequallyimportantandcanguideinstitutionsincollectivelybuildingaresilient,future-readyquantumecosystem.

JeremyJurgens

ManagingDirector,

WorldEconomicForum

DrewPropson

Head,Technology

andInnovationin

FinancialServices,

WorldEconomicForum

Inresponsetothisneed,theWorldEconomic

ForumandAccenturehavebeencollaboratingto

assessthecurrentstateofquantumapplicationsinfinancialservicesandexplorerepresentativecase

studiesacrosskeydomains.Overthepastseven

months,wehaveconductedover30interviewsandhostedfourcommunitymeetingswithquantumandfinancial-sectorleaderstogatherperspectiveson

wherequantumtechnologiesarebeingtestedandwheretheyaremostlikelytobedeployedoverthelongterm.Thispublicationdistilsthoseinsightsandoutlinesstrategicprioritiesthatfinancialinstitutionsshouldconsiderintheyearsahead.TheQuantumEconomyNetwork’s

QuantumApplicationsHub

and

IndustryTrack

presentadditionalusecasesandinsightsonquantumtechnologyapplications.

Wearedeeplygratefultoallwhocontributedto

thispaper.Wehopeitprovesvaluablefordecision-makersinboththepublicandprivatesectorsandthatithelpscultivatecontinuedexchangeand

collaborationinthefast-evolvingfieldofquantumtechnologiesinfinancialservices.

QuantumTechnologies:KeyStrategiesandOpportunitiesforFinancialServicesLeaders4

Executivesummary

Asquantumtechnologiesadvance,

emergingapplicationsinfinancialservicesareofferingvaluableinsightstopublic-

andprivate-sectorleaders.

andtechnologyandinnovationinfinancialservices,3thispublicationaimstosupportpublic-andprivate-sectorleaderswithinsightsthatcanhelpthem

navigateandprepareforquantum’srapidevolution.

Thiswhitepaperexaminesemergingapplicationsofquantumtechnologiesinfinancialservicesandhighlightsprominentcasestudies.Buildingon

previousWorldEconomicForumreportsfocusedonthequantumeconomy,1quantumsecurity2

FIGURE1Keyinsightsonquantumtechnologiesforfinancialservices

Quantumsensing

Quantumsensingexcelsinhighlyprecisemeasurementsofphysicalquantitiessuchastime,magneticfieldsoracceleration.

Usecasesarelimited,thoughincludeinfrastructuremonitoringandprecisetimingforhigh-frequencytrading.

Thismayhavelong-termpotentialinenvironmental,socialandgovernance(ESG)reportingandsustainability-

focusedinvesting.

Quantumcomputing

Quantumsecurityand

quantumcommunications

Quantumcomputingofferstheability

Quantumsecuritycanleverage

tosolvehighlycomplexoptimization,

simulationanddataanalysischallenges.

Usecasesincluderiskmodelling,frauddetectionandportfoliooptimization,

post-quantumcryptography(PQC),quantumkeydistribution(QKD)andquantumrandomnumbergenerators(QRNG)toprotectsensitivedata.

amongmany.

CasestudiesfromYapıKredi,Intesa

HSBCandBancoSabadell(amongothers)arepilotingquantum-secureinfrastructuretomitigatefuturecyberthreats.

SanpaoloandSantander(amongothers)showearlysuccessinquantumand

quantum-inspiredapplications.

Adefence-in-depthstrategy–integratingquantum-resistantandquantum

Whilequantumtechnologiesarestillevolving,

theyarebeginningtoshowpotentialasstrategicdifferentiators.Financialservicesdecision-makersthattakethoughtful,measuredstepstodaymay

Strategicimperativesforfinancialservices

Forquantumtoreachitsfullpotential,engagementfrompolicy-makers,industryleadersandacademicsisneededinsixcorepillars:

Educationandworkforcedevelopment

Responsiblequantumdeployment

Publicprivatecollaborations

Researchanddevelopment

Entrepreneurshipsupport

Infrastructureenablement

bewell-positionedtoleadfutureinnovation,strengthensecurityandbuildresilienceinanincreasinglycomplexdigitallandscape.

nativetechnologies–isessentialforlong-termresilience.

QuantumTechnologies:KeyStrategiesandOpportunitiesforFinancialServicesLeaders5

Introduction

Quantumtechnologiesarepoisedto

transformthefinancialservicesindustrybyofferinginnovationandsecurity.

Thefinancialservicesindustryisatatechnologicalinflectionpoint,drivenbytheadventofquantum

technologies.Theseemergingtechnologiesholdthepotentialtotransformthefinancialsectorbyofferingnewcomputationalparadigms,enhancedsecurityandinnovativesolutionstocomplexproblems.Thiswhitepaperexploresthestrategicimperatives,

opportunitiesandrisksthatquantumtechnologiespresentforfinancialservicesleaders,providingaroadmapforactionandreadiness.

Quantumtechnologiesdifferfromclassicalones,

harnessingquantummechanicsprincipleslike

superposition,entanglementandinterferenceto

facilitatepowerfulnewcapabilitiesincomputing,

communicationandsensing.Theseprinciplesallowquantumsystemstoprocessinformationinparallel,linkparticlesacrossdistancesandamplifycorrectoutcomeswhileeliminatingerrors.Whilethey

promisebreakthroughsinfieldslikecryptography,simulationanddataanalysis,practical

implementationremainsasignificantscientificandengineeringchallenge.

Quantumapplicationswithinfinancialservicesare

diverse.Quantumcomputing,forinstance,hasthepotentialtooffermoreaccurateriskmodelling,frauddetectionandportfoliooptimization.4Quantum

securityandcommunicationstechnologiesenabletheoreticallyunbreakableencryptionthrough

methodssuchasquantumkeydistribution(QKD)andquantumrandomnumbergeneration(QRNG).Complementingthis,classicalapproacheslike

post-quantumcryptography(PQC)algorithmscanbuildresistancetoquantumcomputerattacks,

helpingtoprotectsensitivefinancialdatafrom

emergingthreats.5Meanwhile,quantumsensing

providesprecisemeasurementcapabilitiesthatmaybeusedtoheightenthesynchronizationofhigh-

frequencytrading(HFT)algorithms.6

Toderivemeaningfulvaluefromquantum

technologies,financialinstitutionswillneedto

gobeyondexperimentationandpilotphases.

Strategicfocusisrequiredacrossseveralkey

pillars–sustainedresearchanddevelopment

(R&D)investment,infrastructureenablement,

public-privatecollaboration,engagementwith

start-upsandprivateventures,targetededucationandworkforcedevelopment,andresponsible

quantumdeployment.Together,thesepillarslaythefoundationforscalingquantuminnovations

–translatingnascent,isolatedusecasesintoindustry-widetransformation.

Inthisdynamicandevolvinglandscape,financialservicesleadersmustremainagileandforward-

thinking.Theintegrationofquantumtechnologiesrequiresaphasedandstrategicapproach,

continuouslearningandcollaborationwith

multiplestakeholders.Byembracingquantum

advancements,financialservicesleaderscan

improveoperationalefficiency,delivergreatervaluetocustomersandstrengthenresilienceagainst

emergingchallenges,pavingthewayforlong-termgrowthandstabilitywithintheindustry.

1

Benefitsacross

financialservices

Bydemonstratingclear,incremental

businessbenefits,quantumtechnologieshavethepotentialtocontributetothe

evolutionofthefinancialsector.

Understanding

thefullspectrumofquantum’simpactrequiresanuancedexaminationofthevariousdomains

withinfinancialservices.

Quantumtechnologiesareemergingasa

powerfulforcewiththepotentialtoreshapethe

financialservicesindustry.Understandingthe

fullspectrumofquantum’simpactrequiresa

nuancedexaminationofthevariousdomains

withinfinancialservices.AsoutlinedinFigure2,quantumtechnologiesintersectwithawidearrayofdomains,deliveringtangiblebusinessbenefitsincludingrevenuegenerationopportunities,

increasedoperationalefficiencyandimprovedriskmanagement.Thesebenefitsmaterializewhen

harnessingcertainquantumusecases.

Byimplementingquantumtechnologies,financialinstitutionsmaybeabletoofferinnovative,high-valueservicessuchasoptimizedportfolios,

personalizedproductsandultra-secure

transactions,attractingmorecustomersand

increasingrevenue.Operationalefficiencycan

alsobeachieved,forexample,throughtheuseofquantumalgorithmsthatsupportfasterandmore

accuratefrauddetectionandimprovementsin

resource-intensiveprocesses.Additionally,quantumtechnologiesholdthepotentialtoenhancerisk

managementbyprovidingmoreaccuratemodelsandsimulations.Furthermore,theycanreduceriskthroughimprovedcryptographymethods.

Independentofquantumtechnologyusein

cryptography,PQCalgorithms,alsoknownas

quantum-resistantcryptographicalgorithms,canstrengthensecurityandensurecompliancewithregulatoryrequirements,reducingpenaltiesandreputationalrisks.

EarlyadoptionofPQCalignswithinternational

regulatorydirectives–suchasthoseoutlined

bytheUSNationalInstituteofStandardsand

Technology(NIST),theEuropeanUnionAgencyforCybersecurity(ENISA)andtheUKNationalCyberSecurityCentre(NCSC)–supportinglong-term

complianceefforts.7

Mappingoffinancialservicesdomainstobenefitsandcasestudies

FIGURE2

Financialservicesdomains

Casestudies

Benefitareas

QuantumTechnologies:KeyStrategiesandOpportunitiesforFinancialServicesLeaders6

Banking

Enhancedriskmodelling

Marketinfrastructure

Financialcrashestimation

Capitalmarkets

Tacklingfraud

Increasedrevenue

Insurance

Resilientcryptographicsystems

Payments

Decreasedcost

Corebankingoperations

Ultra-precisetiming

Exploringbond-hedgingstrategies

Ultra-precise

timestampsfor

financialtransactions

Enterprisetechnology

Corporatefunctions

Assetandinvestmentmanagement

Securingtokenizedgoldtransactions

Bettermanagedrisk/compliance

Financialfrauddetection

Quantum-safeinfrastructure

Optimizedportfolios

QuantumTechnologies:KeyStrategiesandOpportunitiesforFinancialServicesLeaders7

Theinterconnectedvalueofquantumtechnologiesacrossthevariousfinancialservicesdomains

illustratedinFigure2demonstratestheir

contributiontodistinctbenefitareasandtheir

translationintopracticalcasestudies,whichareexplainedindetailinsubsequentchapters.

Ultimately,quantuminnovationextendsbeyond

theoreticalpromise,offeringadirectandmultifacetedimpactonthefinancialservicesecosystem

anddrivinggreatersecuritythroughquantum-resistantcryptographyinitiatives.Suchinitiativesinclude,amongothers,Mastercard’sexplorationofpost-quantumencryption(whichboosts

operationalefficiencyviaquantum-enhancedoptimizationofsettlementprocessesandfrauddetection),JPMorganChase’scollaboration

withQCWareforcreditrisksimulations(which

strengthenslong-termresiliencethroughrobustriskmodellingandscenarioanalysisenabledbyquantumalgorithms)andHSBC’strialsinsecurequantumcommunications.8

Whilethematurityofthesequantumtechnologiesvaries,theirstrategicpotentialisnotable.Early

adoptionmayofferadvantages,allowingfinancialinstitutionstogainaccesstoscarcetalent,developcriticalinfrastructureandestablishpartnerships

aheadofbroaderindustryuptake.Byinitiatingthistransformationearly,industrypioneerscanmitigatefuturerisksandpositionthemselvesasleadersinanincreasinglyquantum-enabledlandscape.9Firstmoversmustalsoremainmindfuloftheinherent

risksassociatedwithearlyadoptionandshouldproceedwithappropriatecaution.

2

Asthe

technology

matures,financialservicesfirms

mustbeproactiveinintegrating

quantumsolutionstoensurerobustandstrategic

operationalpractices.

Quantumcomputing

Quantumcomputingstandstoenhancecapabilitiesandreshapetheoperationsoffinancialinstitutions.

Quantumcomputingofferstheabilitytosolvehighlycomplexoptimization,simulationandriskanalysis

problemsatunprecedentedspeedandscale.Asthetechnologymatures,financialservicesfirmsmust

beproactiveinintegratingquantumsolutionsto

ensurerobustandstrategicoperationalpractices.

Recentestimationssuggestthatquantumcomputingusecasesinthefinancialservicesindustrycould

generateupto$622billioninvalueby2035.10Someofthemostpromisingusecasescanbefoundin

portfoliooptimization,tradingstrategies,optionspricing,riskmanagementandfrauddetection.

Forexample,quantumcomputingoffersimportantadvancedtechniquesforportfoliooptimization.

Byefficientlyanalysingvariousinvestmentscenariosandconstraints,quantumalgorithmshavethe

potentialtooptimizeassetallocations,thereby

minimizingriskwhilemaximizingreturns.This

capabilityisparticularlybeneficialinvolatilemarketswheretraditionalmethodsmayfallshort.

Quantum-enhancedMonteCarlosimulationsalsohavethepotentialtoimprovetheefficiencyof

optionspricingpredictions.Thequadraticspeedupprovidedbyquantumalgorithmswillenablefinancial

institutionstoconductthesesimulationsmore

swiftlyandaccurately,resultinginfasterandmoreprecisepricingofcomplexfinancialderivatives.11

Similarly,inalgorithmictrading,quantumcomputinghasthepotentialtosupportthedevelopmentof

moreadvancedalgorithmsthatreacttomarket

changesinrealtime.Quantumalgorithms

canevaluatenumerouspotentialoutcomes

simultaneously,optimizingtradingstrategies

basedoncomplexmarketdynamicsandimprovingoveralltradingperformance.12

Moreover,quantumalgorithmsenablefinancial

institutionstoanalysecomplexmodelswith

greaterefficiency,enhancingpredictiveanalyticstoimproveanticipationofmarkettrendsand

potentialrisks.AsArvinderBharath,Digital

ExpertLeadattheInternationalMonetaryFund

(IMF),notes,“Simulatingcascadingeffectson

thefinancialsystemutilizingquantumcomputingwouldbeinvaluableinpredictingsystemicrisks

andpreventingfinancialcrises.”Thiscapability

supportsinformeddecision-making,proactiveriskmanagementandimprovedfinancialstability.13

QuantumTechnologies:KeyStrategiesandOpportunitiesforFinancialServicesLeaders8

QuantumTechnologies:KeyStrategiesandOpportunitiesforFinancialServicesLeaders9

FIGURE3

Quantumcomputing

Withitsunmatchedcomputationalpower,quantumcomputingis

poisedtotransformindustriesandenablegroundbreakingapplications.Strategicadoptioncanbenefit

financialservicesorganizationsinmultipleways.

Whyit’simportant

Benefitgained

Quantumcomputingdeliverssuperior

performanceforcomplexcomputations,enablingbreakthroughsinoptimizationanddataanalysis.

Catalystfortransformation

Quantumcomputingactsasatransformativeforce,enablingfinancialservicesfirmsto

reimaginetraditionalprocesses.Byharnessingquantumalgorithms,organizationscanexplorenewfrontiersinsolvingbusinesschallenges

andanticipatingrisks.

Howtoapproachintegration

Strategicexploration

Identifykeyareaswherequantumcomputingcanaddstrategicvalueandcreatea

comprehensiveplanforresponsibleintegrationintobusinessoperations.

Activeandmultifacetedengagement

Initiatepilotprojects,cultivatepartnerships,

investintraining,prioritizequantumusecasesandstayinformedonadvancementstodriveinnovationandadoption.

Earlycasestudies(non-exhaustive)

CASESTUDY1

Financialcrashestimationwithinanetworkofsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises

Understandingandpredictingfinancial

crashesisvitalformaintainingglobal

economicstability.Akeyprobleminfinancialmathematicsisidentifyingvulnerabilities

infinancialinstitutionnetworkstoprevent

crisesthatcouldimpactbusinessesand

markets.14TurkishbankYapıKredihastakenasignificantsteptowardsaddressingthis

issuebydevelopinganinnovativeapproachtoestimatingfinancialrisks.

AspartofanR&Dinitiative,YapıKredicreatedamodeltoidentifypotentialfailurepoints

initsnetworkofsmall-andmedium-sized

enterprises(SMEs).Identifyingpotentialfailurepointsiscrucialtoavoidingpotentialdominoeffects(whereinasingledelayedpaymentmayinitiateachainreactionoffinancialdistress

amonginterconnectedenterprises,ultimatelyresultinginacascadingfailureacrossthe

entirefinancialnetwork).Analysingthese

intricatenetworksusingclassicalcomputing,however,isdifficultandtime-consuming.

Toovercomethis,theR&Dteamused

quantumcomputingtechnologyfromD-Wave,whichallowedthemtoefficientlyexplore

thousandsofpossiblescenariosandpinpointbusinessesatriskoffinancialdistress.This

providedvaluableinsightsforcreditloan

departments,helpingthebankidentifyhiddenrisksnotyetreflectedincustomers’financialsandmakebetterdecisions.15

“Riskmanagementisoneofthemostcritical

componentsofbanking.Weappliedourmodeltoareal-lifescenariocovering4,297outofanetworkofover600,000corporateclients.Ananalysisthatwouldtraditionallytakeyearsto

computewascompletedinjustsevensecondsthankstothetechnologywedeveloped.Our

goalistocarryourclientsintothefuturewithamorerobustfinancialinfrastructureandto

establishamodelthatwillshapetheindustry.”

–GökhanÖzdinç,ExecutiveVicePresident,Technology,DataandProcessManagement,YapıKredi.

Importantly,alldatawasanonymizedto

complywithregulations.Lookingahead,YapıKrediplanstoscalethisapproachtoitsentireSMEnetworkandexpanditsusetoother

areasoftheorganization.Thisexperimentdemonstrateshowcutting-edgetechnologycanhelpfinancialinstitutionsprotect

businesses,mitigaterisksandensurelong-termstability.

CASESTUDY2

Advantagesoffinancialfrauddetectionusingquantummachinelearning

Frauddetectionposesasignificantchallengeforfinancialinstitutions,compellingbanks

toundertakeavarietyofactivities,includingreal-timetransactionmonitoring,advancedalgorithmsandbiometricverification.

Traditionalmachinelearningalgorithms,

however,oftenstruggletoaccuratelyidentifyfraudpatterns,limitingtheireffectiveness.Toaddressthis,ItalianbankIntesaSanpaolo

exploredtheuseofquantumcomputingtoimprovefrauddetection.

Thebankconductedastudyusingquantum

machinelearning,specificallyvariational

quantumcircuit(VQC)-basedclassifiers.By

analysingadatasetof500,000transactions,

theR&Dteamreducedthedatacomplexitytomatchcurrentquantumhardwarecapabilities.UsingIBM’squantumtools,thequantum

modeloutperformedtraditionalmethodsin

identifyingfraudandachievingbetteraccuracyandefficiencywithfewerdatafeatures.This

approachalsointroducedtransferlearning,

enablingmodelstrainedononedatasettobeappliedtoothers,cultivatingcollaborationandinnovationacrossthefinancialsector.Dueto

quantumhardwarelimitations,thestudyrun

byIntesaSanpaolousedaphasedapproachstartingwithquantum-inspired(classical

hardware)solutions,followedbytheintegrationofquantumtoolswithexistingsystemsand

concludingwithfulladoptionofquantum-

basedworkflowswhenavailable.Compliancewasensuredthroughanonymizeddatasetsandprivacy-by-designprinciples,aligning

withregulatorystandardsandorganizationalsecuritypractices.

Thisinitiativehighlightsthepotentialof

quantumcomputingtorevolutionizefraud

detection.Byimprovingaccuracyandenablingcollaborationthroughopen-sourceplatforms,bankscanstrengthenanti-fraudmeasuresandenhanceglobalfinancialsecurity.Asquantumtechnologyadvances,itsscalabilitywillunlockevengreaterbenefitsfortheindustry.16

QuantumTechnologies:KeyStrategiesandOpportunitiesforFinancialServicesLeaders10

Earlycasestudies(non-exhaustive)(continued)

CASESTUDY3

Exploringbond-hedgingstrategieswithquantum-inspiredsolutions

Santanderexploredtheapplicationof

quantum-inspired(classicalhardware)

algorithmstooptimizebond-hedging

strategies.Managinglargebooksrequires

substantialcomputationalresources,whichareexpectedtoincreaseinvolumeinthe

mediumterm.Conventionalmethods,

however,struggletoincorporateadditionalriskfactorsforreal-timehedging,limiting

theireffectivenessinrapidlychangingmarketenvironments.Thisoftenresultsinhigh

executioncostsandvariance,necessitatingmoreefficientsolutions.Toaddressthis

challenge,SantanderBankexploredthe

applicationofquantum-inspiredalgorithmstooptimizebond-hedgingstrategies.

Thehedgeproblemwasexecutedonaquantum-inspiredoptimizationplatform,

harnessingitsabilitytohandlemillionsof

decisionvariablesefficiently.Theresultsoftheexperimentindicatedthesolution’sfasterexecutiontimeandabilitytoscaleto

agreaternumberofvariables,reducingruntimesignificantlyandenablingtheoptimizationoflargerbondportfolios.

SantanderBank’sproofofconcept(PoC)

highlightedthecompetitiveperformanceof

quantum-inspiredsolutions.Furtherresearch,however,isneededtoassessthecost-

effectivenessofscalingthesetechnologies

forproductionenvironments.Testingother

quantum-inspiredsolutionscouldprovide

additionalinsightsintoscalabilityandefficiency.

Thisinitiativedemonstratesthefeasibilityof

usingquantum-inspiredalgorithmsforbondhedging,achievingfasterexecution,improvedscalabilityandenhancedriskmanagement–showcasingitspotentialforintegrationinto

broaderfinancialapplications.

Indicators

Maturitylevel

LH

Lowtohigh–highisdesirable

Implementation

timeandcostRisklevel

LH

Lowtohigh–Lowisdesirable

Levelofexpertiserequired

LH

LH

LH

Scalability

SeetheAppendices(A2)forothernotablecasestudies.

Multi-phaseintegrationactionplan

Phase1

Foundationandexploration

–Assessavailabletechnologies.

–Identifyandprioritizeusecases.

–Engagewithexperts.

–Conductinitialtraining.

–InitiatePoC.

–Establishpilotprojectcriteria.

–Evaluaterisksandchallenges.

Phase2

Pilotandscaling

–InitiatepilotprojectsthatexpandonPoC.

–Developintegrationstrategies.

–Implementtrainingprogrammes.

–Forgestrategicpartnership(s).

–Monitorperformancemetrics.

–Allocateresourceseffectively.

Phase3

Optimizationandleadership

–Continuouslyrefinesolutions.

–Cultivatestrategicinnovation.

–Engagestakeholdersregularly.

3

Anemerging

opportunitylies

insustainability-

focused

investments,

whereinquantum

sensorscanprovidehighlyaccurate

environmentaldata.

Quantumsensing

Theroleofquantumsensinginthefinancialsectorremainsnichecomparedtoother

quantumtechnologies.

Quantumsensingapplicationsinfinancialservicesarelimitedcomparedtoquantumcomputing,

quantumsecurityandquantumcommunications.Whilethetechnologyexcelsinprecision

measurements,itsroleinthefinancialsectorisprimarilycentredonquantumclocksthatcan