经典全面中考定语从句讲解与练习(含答案)讲义资料

优才教育1定语从句（一）关系代词TheAttributiveClause----RelativePronoun定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。二、关系词定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。关系副词在定语从句中作状语。三、关系代词代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom/whowhichthat定语whosewhose1.that的用法that既可以指人，也可以指物，指人时可与who,whom互换，指物时有时可与which互换。在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。①Hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakescar.他父亲在一家汽车制造厂工作。作主语，指物②Thelady(that/who/whom)IwanttovisittaughtmeFrenchatthattime.我要去拜访的那位女士那个时候教我法语。作宾语，指人③Theschoolthat/whichwevisitedyesterdayisagoodone.我们昨天参观的学校是所好学校。作宾语，指物2.which的用法which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略（放在介词后除外）。Which也可以指代这个主句。①Adictionaryisabookwhich/thatgivesthemeaningofwords.字典就是讲解单词意思的书作主语②Hereisthebook(which/that)theteachermentionedyesterday.这就是老师昨天说得那本书作宾语③Thesunheatsthesun,whichmakesitpossibleformantolive.太阳给地球热量，这使得人类能够生存。代替整个主句3.who/whom的用法Whom在从句中用作宾语，现在仅用于正式文体。用who代替whom在从句中做宾语，主语用于口语。如：①ThegentlemanwhomRoseencounteredaddressedherwithcourtesy.罗斯遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。（正式文体）②ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith. 我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。（非正式文体）在口语中，who,whom,which在从句中做动词宾语时，常常省去。如：①Idon’tlikepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.我不喜欢光说不练的人。 作主语②Doyouknowtheyoungman(whom)wemetatthegate?你认识我们在门口遇见的那个年轻人吗？作宾语③Hedidn’tbecomethepersonwhohisfatherwantedhimtobe.他没有成为他父亲希望的那种人。作表语注意：whom在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面时，不能用who代替。IhavemanyfriendstowhomIwillsendpostcards.我有许多需要寄贺卡的朋友。4.whose的用法whose在从句中作定语，可以指人也可以指物。①Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.这个女孩学习很努力，她的父亲是教师。指人②WehaveEnglishclassesintheclassroomwhosedoorisbroken.我们在那个门坏了的教室上英语课。指物四、限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。限制性定语从句：主句和从句不隔开，从句不能省略，否则就会失掉意义不能成立。如：①Heisreadingabookwhichistoodifficultforhim.②Hereistheboywhodamagedtheglass.非限制性定语从句：主句和从句用逗号隔开，从句对修饰的部分起到进一步说明的作用，拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。如：①ThebookiswrittenbyGuoJinming,

whoisonly19yearsold.②Bob’sfather,whowasanengineer,spent4yearsinEgypt.③Shanghai,whichisdevelopingfast,hasbecomeoneofworld’stradecenters.【注意】：非限制性定语从句不能用that引导①SheisveryfondofFrench,whichindeedshespeaksquitewell.which还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情①Theirhouseiswashedawaybythefloods,whichmadethemverysad.②Helosthisjobfinally,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.

五、关系代词的省略引导限制性宾语从句的关系代词在作宾语、表语时可以省略，但作主语和引导非限制性定语从句时，关系代词不可省略。①Ihavebeenthecitytwice（which/that）youjustvisited.你刚参观完的那座城市，我去过两次。②After10years,Johnisnotthenaughtyboy(who/that)heusedtobe.10年后，约翰已经不是当年那个淘气的男孩了。练一练练一练用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词：主句：______定语从句：（）先行词：先行词关系词：that例：Thisisthebook(thatIhavebeenlookingfor).Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.Haveyouboughtthebookwhichwetalkedabout?Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohn’ssister.B．填入适当的关系词Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic. YesterdayEmmywaswearingthenewdress________Igaveher. Theman________legwasbrokeninamatchwasafootballplayer. Kevinisreadingabook________istoodifficultforhim. Thefamily________I’mstayingwithlivesinthecountry. Iknowthestudent________bookwaspublished. Betty,________hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishhard. Myparentsliveinahouse________ismorethan100yearsold. Theboywith________Johnspokeismybrother. Shanghaiisthecity________Ivisitedlastsummer.1who2which/that/3whose4which/that5that/省略6whose7who8which/that9whom10that/which/省略C．单项选择Whoistheman________isreadingabookoverthere?（杭州） A.that B.whose C.which D.whatTheman________istalkingwithmyteacherisTom’sfather.（四川眉山） A.who B.whom C.whose D.whichLiMeiisthestudent________handwritingisthebestinourclass.（贵州铜仁） A.whose B.whom C.who D.thatThepeople________helpedusbuildourhometownarefromBeijing.（四川德阳） A.which B.whom C.who Therewillbeastampshowinthemuseum________wevisitedlastweek.（嘉兴、舟山） A.who B.when C.which D.whatPeterlikesmusic________isveryloudandenergetic.（山东临沂） A.that B.who C.whom D./OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhou________areoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake.（扬州） A.what B.who C.that D./—Whoisyournewheadteacherthissemester?（黄冈）—Thewoman________iswearingaredskirt. A.whom B.who C.whose D.which—Doyouknowtheman________isreadingthebookoverthere?（湖北襄阳）—Yes,he’sMr.Green,ourPEteacher. A.which B.what C.whom D.whoI’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.（湖北十堰） A.who B.where C.when D.which—Whatareyoulookingfor?（长沙）—I’mlookingforthebook________youlentmeyesterday. A.that B.who C.whose Tony,tellmetheresultofthediscussion________youhadwithyourdadyesterday.（河南） A.what B.which C.when D.who1---5 AAACC 6---10ACBDA 11---12 AB

定语从句（二）关系副词TheAttributiveClause---RelativeAdverb一、关系副词关系副词在句子中作状语。常用的关系副词有where,when,why,that等。关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语whyreason原因状语二、关系副词的用法when的用法when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常为time,day,morning,night,week,year等。①I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing. 我永远也不会忘记来北京的第一天。②Hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp. 他在我们需要帮助的时候来了。where的用法where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有place,factory,street,house,room,city,town,country,village,school等。①ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.这就是我出生的房子。②Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.他父亲工作的那家工厂在城市的东边。why的用法why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，其先行词通常是reason。①Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没有人知道他为什么总是迟到。②Whocantellmethereasonwhythetrainwasdelayed?谁能告诉我火车延误的原因？引导定语从句的关系副词代替与其相应的先行词，并且在从句中分别做时间、地点和原因状语，关系副词在意义上常常相当于一个“介词+which”结构。如：①Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet. 我永远忘不了我们第一次相遇的那一天。=Ishallneverforgetthedayonwhichwefirstmet.②BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.北京是我出生的地方。=BeijingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.③Isthisthereasonforwhichherefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们的理由吗？=Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?由此可见：when=on(in,at,during…)+whichwhen=on(in,at,during…)+whichwhere=in(at,on…)+whichwhy=forwhich三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句介词+which此结构相当于一个关系副词，介词的选用由which所代替的名词在构成介词短语时与介词的固定搭配所决定。①Wedon’tknowthetimewhen/atwhichthemeetingwillbegin.我们不知道会议开始的时间。（atthetime→atwhich=when）②Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichhewasborn.这是他出生的那间房子。（inthehouse→inwhich=where）介词+whom当关系代词代替的是人而不是物，并在定语从句中作介词宾语时，要用whom。①Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowisourmanager.

=Themanwhoyoutalkedwithjustnowisourmanager.你刚才与他谈话的那个人就是我们的经理。②Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.=Thisistheherowho/whom/thatweareproudof.这就是我们引以为荣的英雄。名词/代词+介词+关系代词①Iboughtadozeneggs,halfofwhichwerebrokenwhenIgothome.我买了一打鸡蛋，当我到家时，碎了一半。练一练练一练A．填入适当的关系词Shanghaiistheplace________Iwentlastsummer.Thereason________Peterissohappyisthathepassedthedrivingtest.Iremembertheday________mydogdied.Iwillgobacktothecity________Igrowup.Sep.1stistheday________theschoolstarts.Thefactory________myfatherworksmakestelephones.Thisistheroom________shedoesherhomeworkeveryday.Wewenttovisitthehouse________thegreatwriterwasborn.Iwillneverforgettheday________wefirstmet.Pleasetellmethereason_______youwerelateagain.Key:1.where2.why3.when/onwhich 4.where 5.when6.where7.where 8.where 9.when 10.whyB.分别用关系副词、介词+关系代词填空Thelibrary____________________Ioftenborrowbooksisnotfarfromhere.Thelibrary__________Ioftenborrowbooksisnotfarfromhere.Isthisthebus____________________youleftyourumbrella?Isthisthebus__________youleftyourumbrella?October1,1949wastheday____________________thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.October1,1949wastheday__________thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Childrenarelookingforwardtotheholidays____________________theycanplaytogether.Childrenarelookingforwardtotheholidays__________theycanplaytogether.Whoknowsthereason____________________thegirliscrying?Whoknowsthereason__________thegirliscrying?Thereason____________________theflowersaredeadistoomuchwater.Thereason__________theflowersaredeadistoomuchwater.Key:1.fromwhich;where 2.onwhich;where 3.onwhich;when4.inwhich;when 5.forwhich;why 6.forwhich;whyC．单项选择AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild. A.which B.where C.that D.whenInthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp. A.that B.who C.fromwhom D.towhom Isthistheplane________hecametoNewYork? A.which B.bywhich C.that D.inwhich Thisistheschool________Istudiedthreeyearsago. A.where B.when C.that D.which—Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourleisuretime?—Ienjoyreadinginthelibrary________Ilosemyselfinaworldofgoodbooks. A.which B.that C.where Ican’tforgetthetime________theearthquakehappenedinYushu. A.when B.which C.that D.whereIstillrememberthepark________wefirstmet. A.that B.which C.where D.whenTheoldmanhastwosons,________arelawyers. A.bothofthem B.bothofwho C.bothofwhom D.bothoftheyHeisamanofgreatknowledge,________muchcanbelearned.

A.inwhom B.aboutwhom C.fromwhom D.ofwhomHehasleftBeijing,________ameetingistobeheld. A.when B.where C.as D.whichKey:1---5BDDAC6---10ACCCBD.自我挑战1.I’llgiveyoumyfriend’shomeaddress,________Icanbereachedmostevenings.（北京） A.which B.when C.whom D.where2.Alltheneighboradmirethisfamily,_____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.（安徽） A.why B.where C.which D.that3.Lifeislikealongrace________wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.（重庆） A.why B.what C.that D.where4.—Whatdoyouthinkofteaching?—Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob________youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.（北京） A.where B.which C.when D.that5.Salesdirectorisaposition____communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesability.（重庆） A.which B.that C.when D.where6.Weliveinanage_______moreinformationisavailablewithgreateasethaneverbefore.（浙江） A.why B.when C.towhom D.onwhichKey:1---6DBDADB

定语从句（三）定语从句的难点TheAttributiveClause只能使用that，不用which,who的情况1.当先行词是all,much,few,little,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词时；①Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone. 能做的都已经做了。②Ididn’tmeanthisone;Imeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday.我不是指这个，我是指昨天买的那个。2.先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much,theonly,thevery,theright,few,just等词修饰时；①There’snodifficultythatwecan’tovercome. 没有我们克服不了的困难。②I’vereadallthebooksthatcanbeborrowedhere. 我已经读完了这里能借的所有书。3.先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时；①ThisisthefirstletterthatI’vewritteninJapanese. 这是我用日语写得第一封信。②SheisthemostcarefulgirlthatI’veeverknown.她是我认识的最认真的女孩。③Hewasthefirstthatgaveussomeusefuladvice.他是第一个给我们一些有用建议的人。4.当先行词既有人又有物时；①Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyhadvisited.他们谈论了他们见过的老师和学校。②Thespeakertalkedofsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntous.演讲者提到的一些作者和作品我们都不知道。5.当主句是以who,which或what开头的特殊疑问句时；①Whoisthemanthatiswaitingatthebusstop? 在车站等车的那个人是谁？②Whichisthecarthatovertookusyesterday? 昨天超过我们的是哪辆车？6.当主句以Therebe…结构开头时，或关系代词在therebe…结构中作实义主语，先行词为物。如：①Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.②Therearetwoticketsofthefilmthatareforyou.二、只能用which，不用that的情况：1.在非限制性定语从中。如：Themeetingwasputoff,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.会议延期了，这正是我们所希望的。2.定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。如：Thethingaboutwhichheistalkingisofgreatimportance.他考虑的这件事非常重要。3.先行词本身是that时。如：Idon’tlikethatwhichhedid.我不喜欢他做的那件事。三、只用who不用that的情况1.先行词是指人的不定代词，如one,anyone,noone,all,nobody,anybody,those等；①Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.②Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.③SheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentotheUSA.④Thosewholearnnotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.2.在以therebe…的句子中，先行词为人时；Thereisacomradeoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.3.当定语从句中又有定语从句，且先行词都为人时；Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshard.4.当指人的先行词被一些指物的名词修饰时；There’sonlyonestudentintheschoolwhoIwanttosee.Doyouknowthewomaninbluewithababyonherbackwhoisworkinginthefields?5.在非限制性定语从句中指人Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromAmerica.练一练练一练A.单项选择Theradioset________lastweekhasbeenoutoforder. A.Ibought B.Iboughtit

C.whichIboughtit

D.whatIboughtAlltheapples________felldownfromthetreewereeatenupbythepigs.

A.which B./ C.that

D.theyIcantellyou________hetoldmelastweek.

A.allwhich B.allwhat C.thatall D.allthatThisisthebiggestlab________wehaveeverbuiltinouruniversity. A.which B.what

C.that D.whereIsoxygentheonlygas________helpsfireburn? A.that B./ C.which D.whatAir,________webreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime.

A.that B./ C.it D.whichThisisthemuseum________wesawanexhibitiontheotherday. A.that B.which C.where D.inthatThisisthemuseum________yousawtheotherday. A.that B.where C.inwhich D.inthatHehasleftBeijing,________ameetingistobeheld. A.when B.where C.as D.whichThisistheveryplace________I’mwishingtolivein. A.where B.which C.that D.inwhichIsitinthatfactory________“RedFlag”carsaremade? A.inwhich B.where

C.which D.thatThereason________hedidn’tcomewas________hewasinjured. A.that;because B.why;that C.why;because D.that;thatAll________isneededisasupplyofoil. A.thething B.that C.what D.whichFinally,thethiefhandedeverything________hehadstolentothepolice.A.which B.what C.whatever D.that Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.which B.that C.whom D.whatKey:1---5ACDCA6---10DCABC11---15DBBDBB.把下列各句子合并成定语从句Johnisaverykind-heartedman.Youcanturntohimforhelp._________________________________________________________________.Thebookiswrittenbythatfamouswriter.Iamveryinterestedinit._________________________________________________________________.Tomistheboy.Iwenttothecinemawithhimtogether._________________________________________________________________.Haveyourememberedthefactory?Weworkedinitlastyear.________________________________________________________________?Itisthegolddiamond.Ispentallmymoneyonit._________________________________________________________________.Key:1.Johnisaverykind-heartedmanwhomyoucanturntoforhelp./Johnisaverykind-heartedmantowhomyoucanturnforhelp.2.ThebookwhichIamveryinterestediniswrittenbythatfamouswriter./ThebookinwhichIamveryinterestediswrittenbythatfamouswriter.3.TomistheboywhomIwenttothecinemawithtogether./TomistheboywithwhomIwenttothecinematogether.4.Haveyourememberedthefactorywhichweworkedinlastyear?/Haveyourememberedthefactoryinwhichweworkedlastyear?5.ItisthegolddiamondwhichIspentallmymoneyon./ItisthegolddiamondonwhichIspentallmymoney.C．改错Isthishospitalthattheywanttovisitnextweek?_________________________________________________________ IsthisthemuseumtheonesomeGermanfriendsvisitedtheotherday?_________________________________________________________Hehastwosons,eachofthemlookslikehim._________________________________________________________Hewillneverforgetthedayswhenhespentwiththevillagers._________________________________________________________PleasetellusaboutthepeopleandinterestingthingswhichyouhaveseeninAmerica._________________________________________________________Theknifewhichsheoftenusesittocutthebreadisverysharp._________________________________________________________Pleasepassmethebookthatcoverisred._________________________________________________________Thesunheatstheearth,thatisveryimportant._________________________________________________________Key:1.hospital前加the2.去掉museum前的the3.将them改为whom4.将when改为that5.将which改为that6.去掉it7.将that改为whose8.将that改为whichD. 中考真题“Whatdoyouthinkoftheschooluniforms?”“Verygood.Ilikeclothes________makemefeelcomfortable.” A.that B.what C.whoTherewillbeaflowershowinthepark________wevisitedlastweek. A.who B.when C.what D.Which—Nowmanypeoplesmokeandgetill.—Soweshoulddosomething________canhelpstopsmoking. A.what B.who C./ D.thatIstillrememberthetime________wespenttogetheratXisaiMountainlastyear. A.when B.what C.who D.whichThelittleboywaswrappingthepresent________worldbesenttohisteacher.A.who B./ C.what D.thatMr.Smith________issmokingislookingfor________shelostyesterday.A.whom;which B.who;what C.that;who D.which;whereS