新一代大学英语（第二版）综合教程3（智慧版） Unit 1 课件B3U1 Be yourself,be happy

Dealingwithatypeofnegativefeeling

IniExplore1ofthisunit,youhavelearnedabouttipstogetridofnegativefeelingsassociatedwithguilt.IniExplore2,youhavegainedknowledgeabouthowtodescribeyourpersonalityandinnerfeelings.Now,it’syourturntotalkaboutatypeofnegativefeelingandoffersomepiecesofusefuladviceastohowtodealwithitstepbystep.AsstatedinScenario,youaregoingtowriteanemailtoyourfriend,sharingyourexperienceofdealingwithatypeofnegativefeeling.Thefollowingstepsmayhelpyouwiththeproject.WritinganemailUNIT1Dealingwithatypeofnegativefeeling

IniExplore1ofthisunit,youhavelearnedabouttipstogetridofnegativefeelingsassociatedwithguilt.IniExplore2,youhavegainedknowledgeabouthowtodescribeyourpersonalityandinnerfeelings.Now,it’syourturntotalkaboutatypeofnegativefeelingandoffersomepiecesofusefuladviceastohowtodealwithitstepbystep.AsstatedinScenario,youaregoingtowriteanemailtoyourfriend,sharingyourexperienceofdealingwithatypeofnegativefeeling.Thefollowingstepsmayhelpyouwiththeproject.WritinganemailUNIT1Learnabouttheemailformat

Itisimportantthatyouusethecorrectformatwhenwritinganemail.•Useashortandaccuratesubjectline(e.g.Mythoughtson…).•Useapropersalutation(e.g.DearJane).•Writetheactualmessageandbreakitupintoparagraphsbytopictomakeyourmessagemorelogicalandeasiertofollow.•Insertalinebreakbetweeneachparagraph.•Usethecorrectformofsign-off(e.g.Yourssincerely).•Signyourname(e.g.YuLi).STEP1UNIT1Giveadescription

Trytoaccuratelyandvividlydescribehowyournegativefeelingusedtobeaproblemforyouonce.ThestructuresiniExplore1(logical)andiExplore2(chronological)canbegoodexamplesofhowtoorganizeyourdescription.•Whatistheproblem?___________________________________________________________•Whateffectdoestheproblemhave?___________________________________________________________STEP2UNIT1Giveyoursuggestions

Now,youhaveexplainedtheissueandbuiltacommongroundwithyourfriend.Youneedtogiveyourfriendadviceandinstructionstoovercometheproblem.UsethewritingskillsofgivingsuggestionsinSharpeningyourskills.Constructyourmessagewithaconversationaltoneandacombinationoflongandshortsentences.STEP3UNIT1Writeyouremailandreviseit

It’stimetowritetheemail.Belowisasimpleformatforyourreference.STEP4UNIT1DearJane,Aweekago,youtoldmeyouwerebeingbotheredbyatypeofnegativefeeling.…Luckily,Ihavemanagedtoovercomeitandfeelalotbetternow.So,letmesharewithyouwhatIthinkofthisproblemandhowtodealwithit.…Inmyownexperience,thereareseveralstepstofollow:…Thisnegativefeelingmightshowupwithnegativeeffects,butyoucanshowitthementalexitdoor.Thesestepshaveworkedwellforme.IhopeWriteyouremailandreviseit

It’stimetowritetheemail.Belowisasimpleformatforyourreference.STEP4UNIT1theywillworkforyou,too.Yourssincerely,YuLiYoumayusethechecklisttoassessyourwritingorconductapeerreview.Aftermakingrevisions,youcansubmityourwritingtoUcampusandreceivereal-timefeedbackforfurtherimprovement.ChecklistOKNeedimprovement1Ihavechosenanegativefeelingthateffectivelycapturesmyaudience’sattention.2Ihaveprovidedanaccurateandvividdescriptionofthefeeling.3Ihaveofferedclearandpracticalsuggestions.4Ihaveusedengagingandexpressivelanguagetoconveymyideas.5Ihavefollowedthestandardformatforwritinganemail.UNIT1DearJane,Ihopethisemailfindsyouwell.Theotherdayyoumentionedthatyouhavebeenfeelingsomewhatlowandconfused.ItseemstomethatyouandIhavehadsimilarissues.SoIthoughtyoumightfindithelpfulifIsharedwhatI’vebeenthroughandsomeadviceI’vecomeacross.Likeyou,IhavealwaysbeenquietandeversinceIwasachild,Ihavebeenlabeled“introvert.”Mostpeopleassociate“introvert”with“shy,”“awkward,”andeven“anti-social.”Theinternalmessageofthislabel,especiallyits“anti-social”aspect,canbeharmfulasitissonegative.Forme,thislabelmeantthatIwasevenlessUNIT1willingtotakepartinanythingatschool.Whenevertherewasaclassdiscussion,Iwouldhearthisvoiceinmyhead,“Nobodyexpectsyoutosayanything.Sowhydon’tyoujustsitinthecornerandremainsilent?”ThisvoicegotlouderuntilIendedupbeinginvisible.Growingupwithalabelisn’thelpfulatall.Itcancreateaconflictbetween“beingyourtrueself”and“beingsomeoneotherslike.”Itcanalsomakeyoubecomeanevengreaterintrovertthanyoualreadyare.Itcanmakeyoufeeldeeplyfrustratedandconfused,andleadtoasenseofguiltthatbearsanegativemessage:Youareanintrovertthatnobodylikes.Youarenotpopular.Youshouldjustgiveup.Butwhyshouldanyonefeelguiltforbeingwhotheyare?Guiltisworthless–itUNIT1doesn’tallowforself-reflectionordevelopment.Whydoweallowthis“introvert”shaming?ThisissomeadviceIfoundinamagazinethatIthoughtmightbehelpfulforyoutoo:1Findoutwhoyoureallyare.Evaluateyourpersonality.Howdoyougainenergy?Doyouenjoyspendingtimealonetorelaxandreflect?Iftheansweris“yes,”youaremostlikelyanintrovert.Seeingyourselfclearlyisthefirststepinthepursuitofhappiness.2Acceptyourself.Ifyouareanintrovert,feelgoodaboutit.Thereisnothingwrongwithspendingtimealoneonthingsyoulike.3Makeitworkforyou.Nowthatyou’veacceptedyourself,makeyourintroversionUNIT1workforyou.Youcanusethetimethatothersspendonsocializingtoimproveyourself.Youmaystartbyreadingempoweringbooksonintroversion.Inthemeantime,reachingoutandsharingyourfeelingsaboutbeinganintrovertwithtrustworthyfriendscanalsohelpothersunderstandintrovertslikeyou.Ihopeyoufindsomeofthesesuggestionshelpful.Iknowtheyworkedforme.Whenyouhearpeoplejudgeyouorevencriticizeyouforbeinganintrovert,tellthem,“I’manintrovert,andthere’snothingwrongwiththat.”Butmoreimportantly,tellyourself,“IamanintrovertandIamhappy.”Bestwishes,RoseUNIT1外语教学与研究出版社江南大学CONTENTS1Scenario2LearningobjectivesUNIT1Asacollegestudent,youarelikelytohaveastrongwishtoexploreyourinnerself,askingquestionslike:Whatbringsmehappiness?WhatkindoflifedoIdesire?WhattypeofpersonamI?Howismypersonalitygoingtochangemylife?Whilefindingtheanswerstothesequestionsmaybealifelongjourney,completingthetaskinthefollowingscenariomayhelpyouabit.Recently,youreceivedanemailfromyourfriendJane,whomyoumetlastsummerthroughaninternationalexchangeprogram.Shesaidthatshehasbeenstrugglingwithatypeofnegativefeelingforawhile.Havingfacedthesameproblemyourself,youdecidetowritebacktoshareyourexperienceandoffersometipstohelpherovercomeit.Howwillyoushareyourexperienceincopingwiththenegativefeeling?Youwillbeabletocompletethetaskafterstudyingthisunit.ScenarioUNIT1LearningobjectivesUponcompletionofthisunit,youwillbeableto:

•talkaboutyourthoughts,feelings,andemotionsusingnewvocabulary•givesuggestionsthatareeasytounderstandandpractice•explainwhatqualitiesyouaimtohave•giveabriefaccountofyourpersonality•writeanemailaboutdealingwithacertaintypeofnegativefeelingUNIT1外语教学与研究出版社江南大学CONTENTS1Viewing2Reading3Sharpeningyourskills4Buildingyourlanguage5TalkingaboutChinaUNIT1Collegelifeisfullofchangesandchallenges.Youmayfindyourselftryinghardtoadjusttonewschedules,newenvironments,andnewpeople.Sometimes,youcanbeataloss:Youknowyouhavemanythingstodo,butyoujustdon’tknowwheretobegin.What’sevenworseisthatyoudon’twanttobeginatall.Watchavideoclipaboutprocrastination(拖延)andseeifotherpeoplehavethesameproblem.ViewingUNIT1ViewingFillintheblankswithwhatyouhearfromthevideoclip.

Soit’sgreatwhen,atlast,I’vegota1)______day.Thehouseisquiet.I’vegoteighthours.Thatshouldbe2)_______.Butwhenthere’ssomuchtime,itseemssillynottoreadthis3)_______inthepaper.It’saboutacelebrity(名人)–he’sgotmarried.Whynotgofora4)______?Butyousee,Iliketobenearmywork.IfI’mtoofar,Iget5)_______.ButifI’mtoonear,well…Theperfectdistancefordoingnothingiswhenyouhavetheconstant6)_______todosomething.Butintruth,Idonothing,notbecauseI’mlazy,butbecauseI’m7)_______.I’mterrifiedthatifIstart,whatIdowillbe8)________.Iwantthingstobeso9)________,andIknowtheycan’tbe,soitseemsbestnoteventobegin.clearplentyarticleUNIT1walkguiltychancescaredhorribleamazing1ViewingWorkinpairsanddiscussthequestions.

1.Howoftendoyouputoffthingsyoushoulddo?IsometimesputoffwhatIshoulddo.Forexample,IknowIshouldstartpreparingformyproject,butIjustwanttowaitforacoupleofdaysbeforeIdosomeseriousthinking.Ithinkthereasonisquitesimilartowhatisdescribedinthisvideoclip.Foronething,Igetdistractedbyallsortsofthings.ThemostcommonsourceofdistractionistheInternetandtheendlessinformationitprovides,muchofwhichIdon’tactuallyneed.Foranother,IthinkIamscaredthatIcannotcompletemytaskverywell.Thiskindofworrymakesmewanttoescape.UNIT12ViewingWorkinpairsanddiscussthequestions.

2.Whatareyourreasonsfordoingso?UNIT1IseldomputoffwhatIshoulddo.I’mthetypeofpersonwhocannotwaittofinishwhatIamsupposedtodo.Forexample,onceIwastoldtheassignmentformyhistoryclasswasdueinthelastweekofthesemester,butIjustfeltIhadtogetitdoneassoonaspossible.Iendedupaccomplishingthetaskinthemiddleofthesemester.Ithinkthispartofmebringsmealotofadvantage,becauseIneverhavetoworryaboutnotbeingabletomeetthedeadline.Butontheotherhand,Icanbetoohasty,andsometimesIthinkifIhadmademorethoroughpreparationsbeforestarting,Iwouldhavedonebetter.2ViewingYoumightknowmefromsomewhere.I’malwaysnervousthatIwon’thaveenoughtimetodomywork.IjustwanttobeleftalonesoIcangetonwithit.Whenpeopleaskmetodothings,evengoingforawalkinthepark,I’malwayssaying,“Idon’thaveenoughtime.Ihavesomuchtodo.”Soit’sgreatwhen,atlast,I’vegotaclearday.Thehouseisquiet.I’vegoteighthours.Thatshouldbeplenty.Butwhenthere’ssomuchtime,itseemssillynottoreadthisarticleinthepaper.It’saboutacelebrity–he’sgotmarried.Sheispretty.Imightjustlookupwhatfilmshewasinonline.Hmm,interesting!Wonderwhatthey’resayingoveronthiswebsite.Avolcano?InIndonesia?ScriptUNIT1ViewingWhoa!Oh!Poorthings.I’mpeckishnow.It’shardtostopwhenthere’snothingelsetodothat’sasnice.SomepeoplesayIshouldgooutandtakeabreak.Whynotgoforawalk?Butyousee,Iliketobenearmywork.IfI’mtoofar,Igetguilty.ButifI’mtoonear,well…Theperfectdistancefordoingnothingiswhenyouhavetheconstantchancetodosomething.It’sabitfrightening,tobehonest.Someonetoldmeanaveragelifeonlyhas600,000hoursinit.Somanypeoplearoundmearegettingon,givingastart.Butifyouscaremetoomuchtodoallofthese,Igetsad.IliedownandthinkI’msoScriptUNIT1Viewinghopeless.There’snopointgettingup.I’mashamed.Idon’tlikemyselfverymuch.ItseemslikeI’mlazy.That’swhateveryonewouldsay,Iknow.Butintruth,Idonothing,notbecauseI’mlazy,butbecauseI’mscared.I’mterrifiedifIstart,whatIdowillbehorrible.Iwantthingstobesoamazing,andIknowtheycan’tbe,soitseemsbestnoteventobegin.ScriptUNIT1StructureTextreadingTextunderstandingReadingVocabularyUNIT1Paras.1-3:Thenegativeimpactof“should”(scenarioexamples&logicalcues)•Theinternalcontradictionof“should”isshownwhensaying“Ishouldgotothegym”implies1)________.(Para.1)•Aviciouscycleof2)_________startsafterfailingtoacton“should”leadstoself-criticismandescapebehaviors.(Para.2)•Guiltfailstodrivemeaningfulchangesin3)_________.(Para.3)A.regretandself-blameB.majorlifedecisionsC.unwillingnessandguiltReadingStructureUNIT1Howdoestheauthoranalyzetheproblemof“should”shamingandproposesolutions?Readthetextandchoosethebestanswersbyanalyzingthestructure.CABParas.4-8:Strategiestobreakfreefrom“should”(transitionalquestion)•Howdoyoufreeyourselffrom“should”?(Para.4)(keysteps)•4)________whatyoureallymean.(Para.6)•5)________itimmediatelyorletgooftheguilt.(Para.7)•6)________“should”withpositivestatements.(Para.8)A.ReplaceB.EvaluateC.DoReadingStructureUNIT1BCAReadingStructurePara.9:Summary(circularrelationship)•Thecycleof7)_______→8)________→9)________provestheimportanceofself-choiceinshapingthoughtsandactions.Stopsaying“should.”Justdoit.(Para.9)UNIT1ACBA.thoughtsB.actionsC.emotionsReadingTextreadingNavigatingNewworldsUNIT1Stopping“should”shaming—endingtheself-imposedguiltgameReadingReadingUnlessyouarealreadyawareofthedamageitcauses,youprobablysay“should”atleastafewtimesaday.AccordingtotheMerriam-Websterdictionary,theword“should”expressesanobligationorexpectation.Theinternalmessage,however,whenwesay“Ishould”dosomething,isinherentlynegative.Forexample,saying“Ishouldgotothegym”meansIknowIwouldbenefitfromgoingtothegym.Whatisimpliedinthe“should”statementis“butIreallydon’twanttorightnow”and“Ifeelguiltyaboutit.”Iftherewasn’tanunderlyingdiscord,youwouldsimplysayeither“I’mgoingtothegym”(becauseyoushouldandyouare)or“I’mnotgoingtothegymtoday”(you’renotgoingandyou’reOKwiththatchoice).1TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReadingTheword“should”indicatesthatyouaren’tdoingwhatyouwouldbenefitfrom,andyou’renotentirelyresoluteinyourchoice,either.Enterregret.Cuethereinforcementofexistingnegativemessagesyoualreadyholdaboutyourself.“ThisiswhyI’mstillfat,”“ThisiswhyIdon’thavethebodyIwant,”“I’mnotgoodenough.”Nowyoufeelbadaboutyourselffornotgoingtothegym,soyoupouraglassofdrink,haveacomfortingsnack,andturnontheTVtotakeyourmindofffeelingbadaboutyourself.Andtomorrowyouwilldoitagain,ifnotaboutgoingtothegym,aboutsomethingelse.Possiblymanythings.2TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReading“Should”goeshandinhandwithself-reproach.Theproblemwithguiltisthatit’slargelyworthlessintermsofgettingyoutodoanything.Guiltmaycompelyoutodoeverydaythings,likeengageinsocialactivitiesyoudon’tenjoyordressinwaysthatwillearntheapprovalofothers.Itmayfeelfamiliartoyou,andhumansseekwhatweknow,evenifit’sbad.Butguiltdoesn’tgetyoutodothebigthingslikefindajobthatmakesyouhappy,leavearelationshipthatsucksthelifeoutofyou,ormanifestyourdreamsinlove,life,andthepursuitofhappiness.3TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReadingHowdoyoufreeyourselffrom“should”?Whenyouhearyourselfsay“should”:•Evaluatewhatyoureallymean.Doyoureallymeanthatyouareaddressinganobligationorexpectationthatisworthwhileforyoutodorightnow?Oristhissomeoldmentalmodelyouhaveinyourheadaboutyou,whoyou“should”beandwhatyou“should”bedoing,thatmaybeisn’tworthclingingto?4TextreadingUNIT156ReadingReading•Doitordropit.Ifyouevaluatethe“should”anddecideit’sworthkeeping,thengetupandgetgoingwithit.Dropthe“should”andtheguilt,andjustdoit.Ifyouevaluatethe“should”andyouneedtoletgooftheexpectationorobligation,thenletitgo!Really.Stopfeelingbadaboutyourselfoverit,which,asyouknow,isn’tgettingyouclosertofulfillingit.7TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReading•Finditandreplaceit.Nowthatyou’vechosentodoitordropit,replace“should”permanentlywithmoredecisive,positivereinforcers–wordsthatwillserveyoubetterthan“should.”Try“Iaccomplished,”“Idecided,”orjustsimply“Idid”or“Ididn’t.”Allofthoseauthorizeanaction,whetheryoudothetaskornot.Statementslike“Iwill”or“Iwon’t”showthatyouhavemadeadecisionandagreewithit.Thisendsthedisconnectbetweenwhereyouareandmentalimagesinyourheadthatdon’tmatter.8TextreadingUNIT1ReadingReadingYoucontrolyourthoughts.Yourthoughtscreateyouremotionalstate.Youremotionsdirectyouractions.Youractionsseekthoughtsthatreinforcethem.It’sacircuitousrelationshipthatcanbeeitherverypositiveorverynegativeandextremelyhumbling.Theimportantpartisthatyouchooseit.Youhavechosentoholdeverythoughtyou’veeverhad,eventheonesbasedonwhatwasrolemodeledforyou.Andsoyoucanchooseeverythoughtfromnowon.Negativeself-talkand“should”mightshowup,baggageinhand,butyoucanshowthemthementalexitdoor.Solidifyingyourdecisionsanddealingwith“should”takepractice,butit’sworkworthdoing.Youreallyshouldstopsaying“should.”Betteryet,justdoit.9TextreadingUNIT1ReadingTextunderstandingWhatis“should”shamingandwhyisitbadforpeople?Whatsuggestionsdoestheauthorgivetofreepeoplefrom“should”?Readthetextandcompletetheoutline.UNIT11Whatis“should”shaming?Whenpeoplesay“should,”thewordexpressesan1)____________or2)______________.Theinternalmessageisinherently3)__________.Why“should”shaminghastobestopped?“Should”goeshandinhandwith4)________________.Theproblemwith5)_________isthatitdoesn’tgetyouto6)__________________likefindajobthatmakesyouhappy.obligationexpectationnegativeself-reproachguiltdothebigthingsReadingTextunderstandingUNIT1Whatcanyoudowhenyouhearyourselfsay“should”?StepstofollowWhatisinvolved7)___________whatyoureallymean.Askyourselfquestionstohelpevaluatethe“should.”Doitor8)_________it.Ifit’sworth9)___________,justdoit.Ifit’snot,letitgo.Finditandreplaceit.Replace“should”withmore10)___________andpositivewordsthatwill11)___________________.dropEvaluatekeepingdecisiveserveyoubetterReadingTextunderstandingWorkinpairs.Readthesentencesfromthetextanddiscussthequestions.21Theinternalmessage,however,whenwesay“Ishould”dosomething,isinherentlynegative.(Para.1)Whatexampledoestheauthorusetosupportthispoint?Canyoushareanexampleofyourownandexplainwhatyoureallymean?UNIT1Theauthorusestheexample“goingtothegym”toexplainthenegativeinternalmessageofsaying“should.”Examplescanbeyourpreviousandcurrentliveswhichinvolvesimilarsituationswhenyoufeelyou“should”dosomething,butitonlymakesyoufeelworse.ReadingTextunderstandingWorkinpairs.Readthesentencesfromthetextanddiscussthequestions.22Theword“should”indicatesthatyouaren’tdoingwhatyouwouldbenefitfrom,andyou’renotentirelyresoluteinyourchoice,either.(Para.2)Whatexampledoestheauthorusetosupportthispoint?DoyouseeaconnectionbetweenthisexampleandtheoneusedinParagraph1?Ifyoudo,whatisit?Ifnot,readthefirsttwoparagraphsagaintofindtheconnection.UNIT1Theexamplesarewordsofself-reproachlike“ThisiswhyI’mstillfat,”“ThisiswhyIdon’thavethebodyIwant,”“I’mnotgoodenough.”ReadingTextunderstandingWorkinpairs.Readthesentencesfromthetextanddiscussthequestions.2UNIT1Theexampleshereareacontinuationoftheexampleinthefirstparagraph.Theauthorusestheseexamplestoillustratethetwostagesof“should”shaming:guiltandself-reproach.Thetwostagesusuallyappearoneaftertheotherandwithincreasingnegativity,andarethereforeharmfultoone’smentalhealth.ReadingTextunderstandingWorkinpairs.Readthesentencesfromthetextanddiscussthequestions.23Butguiltdoesn’tgetyoutodothebigthingslikefindajobthatmakesyouhappy,leavearelationshipthatsucksthelifeoutofyou,ormanifestyourdreamsinlove,life,andthepursuitofhappiness.(Para.3)Whatdoyouusuallyfeelguiltyabout?Doyouagreewiththeauthorthatguiltdoesn’tgetyoutodothebigthingsinlife?Whyorwhynot?UNIT1ReadingTextunderstandingWorkinpairs.Readthesentencesfromthetextanddiscussthequestions.2UNIT11)Iagreewiththeauthor’sopinionthatguiltdoesn’tgetyoutodothebigthingsinlife.Justasexplainedinthetext,theonlythingthatguiltdoesistomakeyoufeelbadaboutyourself,whichislikelytoleadtoescapism.Gradually,whatyouloseisnotonlyconfidence,butalsothemotivationstotakeactionandmakethingsbetter,asyoubelievethatyouarenotthetypeofpersonwhocandothingsright.ReadingTextunderstandingWorkinpairs.Readthesentencesfromthetextanddiscussthequestions.2UNIT12)Idon’tagreewiththeauthor’sopinion.Isupposeguiltisoneofthethingsthatmakespeopletakeaction.Ifyoualwaysfeelhappyaboutwhoyouareandwhatyoudo,youwillneverseekchanges.Guiltmakespeoplefeeldissatisfied,anddissatisfactioninspirespeopletochangethesituation.Onlybyseekingchangescanyoureachbiggergoals.ReadingTextunderstandingReadthetextandidentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationineachstatementisderived.Someparagraphscanbechosenmorethanonce.1

Ifyouwanttostopfeelingguiltyaboutunmetobligations,youeitherchoosetostickto“should”anddowhatyouhavetodoorjustforgetaboutit.2Replacing“should”withpositiveactionwordscanhelpyoudealwithitsnegativeimplications.3Theconceptof“should”carriesinherentnegativity,asitreflectsaninternalconflictandcanleadtofeelingsofguilt.Para.7Para.8Para.1UNIT13ReadingTextunderstanding4Guiltandshamemaybeusefulincentivesfordoingthingsinyoureverydaylife.5Feelingguiltyaboutnotdoingsomethingcanmakeyouengageincomfortactivities,creatingacyclethatislikelytorepeat.6Overcomingthenegativecyclerelatedto“should”requiresactivelychoosingtofollowyourownthoughtsandtakeaction.7Evaluatingtherealmeaningof“should”canhelpyoumanageyourresponsibilitiesandexpectations.8Theword“should”isexplainedasexpressingobligationorexpectation,accordingtoadictionary.Para.3Para.2Para.9Para.6UNIT1Para.1ReadingTextunderstanding9Suggestionsareofferedonhowtomentallyshiftawayfromusing“should”towardmorepositiveanddecisivelanguage.10“Should”islinkedtothefeelingofregretandnotbeingfullycommittedtoyourchoices.Para.8Para.2UNIT1Vocabulary★self-imposed

a.aself-imposedrule,duty,etc.isonethatyouhavemadeforyourself,andwhichnoonehasaskedyoutoaccept自己规定的；自愿承担的e.g.Theendofthismonthistheirself-imposeddeadlineforfinishingtheirproject.ReadingUNIT1Synonyms•voluntarya.自愿的（强调主动选择，无外界强迫）e.g.Shemadeavoluntarycontributiontothecharity.•optionala.可选择的（非强制的，有选择权）e.g.Thecourseisoptional,buthighlyrecommended.

VocabularyReadingUNIT1Antonyms•imposeda.（由他人）强加的；强制的（强调外界施加，非自主选择）e.g.“Despitetheseefforts,theCanadiangovernmentimposeditsdecisionwithoutpresentingevidenceoraddressingthefactsweprovided,”thecompanysaid.用法：强调“非自愿”，与“自主决定”相对，常指外界权威或力量强制要求。•enforceda.强制执行的；被迫的（通过权力或压力迫使接受）e.g.Theschoolhasanenforceddresscodethatstudentsmustfollow.用法：强调“被强迫执行”，突出外界力量的干预，与“自主设定”形成对比。VocabularyReadingUNIT1•compulsorya.

必须做的；义务的（法律、规定等强制要求，无选择权）e.g.Attendingthesafetytrainingiscompulsoryforallemployees.用法：强调“强制性”，与“自愿”对立，侧重客观规定的约束性。ExerciseChoosethebestanswertoreplacetheunderlinedword.Theteamfulfilledtheirself-imposedgoaloffinishingtheprojectearly.A.voluntaryB.optionalC.enforcedD.random√Vocabulary★inherently

ad.inawaythatexistsasanaturalorbasicpartofsth.内在地；固有地e.g.Lifeisinherentlyuncertain,sodon’twasteyourenergytryingtopredictthefuture.ReadingUNIT1Synonyms•intrinsicallyad.本质上地；固有地（强调事物本身的属性，不依赖外部因素）e.g.Theargumentisintrinsicallyflawed,regardlessoftheevidencepresented.用法：侧重“事物本质”，与“外在影响”相对，强调属性的不可分离性。VocabularyReading•naturallyad.自然地；天生地（指属性天生存在，非人为赋予）e.g.Shenaturallygravitatestowardcreativepursuits,showinginnatetalent.用法：强调“天生具备”，与“后天形成”或“人工干预”相对。UNIT1Antonyms•externallyad.从外部；外来地（属性源于事物外部，非本质固有）e.g.Theteam’ssuccesswasexternallymotivatedbybonuses,notinherentlydrivenbypassion.用法：强调“外在因素主导”，与“内在本质”对立，指属性非事物本身所具备。VocabularyReadingUNIT1•artificiallyad.人为地；非自然地（通过人工手段添加，非天然存在）e.g.Thecoloroftheproductisartificiallyenhanced,notinherentlyvibrant.用法：侧重“人为干预”，与“自然属性”相反，强调属性为后天附加。•contingentlyad.附带地；取决于条件地（属性依赖外部条件，非必然存在）e.g.Hisconfidenceiscontingentlybasedonothers’approval,notinherentlyrooted.用法：强调“条件依赖性”，与“固有必然性”对比，指属性非事物本质特征。VocabularyReadingUNIT1ExerciseChoosethebestanswer.Thevalueofhonestyis________embeddedinhercharacter,requiringnoexternalreinforcement.A.naturallyB.inherentlyC.externallyD.artificially√VocabularyReadingUNIT1解析：题干强调“诚实的价值无需外部强化，深植于性格中”，体现“内在固有”的属性。A.naturally侧重“天生自然地”，更强调“与生俱来”，不如“inherently”贴合“本质固有”的逻辑。B.inherently指“内在地、固有地”，符合“本质属性”的语境。C.externally意为“从外部地”，与题干语义相反。D.artificially指“人为地”，与“自然深植”的含义冲突。Vocabulary★discord

n.[U