【《多波长激光产生方法及其进展》2300字】

多波长激光产生方法及其进展综述获取多波长根据其产生方式大体上分为两种：（1）激光增益介质自身的激光发射谱线不同，不同能级间的跃迁过程产生了不同的激光波长ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Shen</Author><Year>1991</Year><RecNum>88</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[15]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>88</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r5ewtearps9deaert22x99a9xr29t0vz90ex"timestamp="1615809862">88</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>HYShen</author><author>RRZeng</author><author>YPZhou</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Simultaneousmultiplewavelengthlaseractioninvariousneodymiumhostcrystals</title><secondary-title>IEEEJournalofQuantumElectronics</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>IeeeJournalofQuantumElectronics</full-title></periodical><pages>2315-2318</pages><volume>27(10)</volume><dates><year>1991</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[15]。同时各个相同能级之间的跃迁也会产生细微的波长变化，这是因为能级的斯塔克多重分裂造成的。常见的稀土激活离子Nd3+离子的能级结构较为丰富，三个主要的发射峰为：0.9µm、1µm和1.3µm，与之相对应的能级跃迁分别为4F3/2-4I9/2、4F3/2-4I11/2和4F3/2-4I13/2。上下能级由于斯塔克多重分裂导致不同能级中划分出了更加精细的斯塔克子能级，在相同的能级跃迁过程中，因为斯塔克子能级的不同，实现了间隔较小的多波长输出。（2）利用非线性频率转换产生多波长激光。常见的方法有：倍频（SHG）、和频（SFG）、差频、受激拉曼散射（SRS）、光参量振荡（OPO）等，将非线性频率转换与激光增益介质本身的能级跃迁相结合，能够获得更多的波长，通过不同的组合有更多的灵活性。1.1基于激光增益介质产生多波长激光的研究进展.2007年，J.Dong等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Dong</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>46</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[16]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>46</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r5ewtearps9deaert22x99a9xr29t0vz90ex"timestamp="1568953706">46</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>JDong</author><author>AShirakawa</author><author>KIUeda</author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">KaminskiiAA</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">，</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectofytterbiumconcentrationoncwYb:YAGmicrochiplaserperformanceatambienttemperature–PartI:Experiments</title><secondary-title>AppliedPhysicsB-LasersandOptics</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedPhysicsB-LasersandOptics</full-title></periodical><pages>359-365</pages><volume>89(2)</volume><number>2-3</number><section>359</section><dates><year>2007</year></dates><isbn>0946-2171 1432-0649</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1007/s00340-007-2796-2</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[16]用厚度1mm、Yb3+离子掺杂浓度是10at.%的Yb:YAG晶体作为激光介质，得到1030nm和1049nm的双波长输出，对应的斜率效率分别为85%和81%。2009年，王正平等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>ZWang</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>89</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[17]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>89</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r5ewtearps9deaert22x99a9xr29t0vz90ex"timestamp="1615813176">89</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ZWang,</author><author>HLiu</author><author>JWang</author><author>Lv,Y.</author><author>Sang,Y.</author><author>Lan,R.</author><author>Yu,H.</author><author>Xu,X.</author><author>Shao,Z.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>StateKeyLaboratoryofCrystalMaterials,ShandongUniversity,Jinan250100,China.zpwang@</auth-address><titles><title>PassivelyQ-switcheddual-wavelengthlaseroutputofLD-end-pumpedceramicNd:YAGlaser</title><secondary-title>OpticsExpress</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>OpticsExpress</full-title></periodical><pages>12076-12081</pages><volume>17(14)</volume><number>14</number><edition>2009/07/08</edition><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Jul6</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1094-4087(Electronic) 1094-4087(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>19582123</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/19582123</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1364/oe.17.012076</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]用Nd:YAG陶瓷作为激光增益介质，Cr:YAG作为可饱和吸收体，获得了1052nm和1064nm的双波长激光输出。最大峰值功率为21.5kW，最窄脉宽为4.8ns。2011年，C.Y.Li等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Li</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>90</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[18]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>90</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r5ewtearps9deaert22x99a9xr29t0vz90ex"timestamp="1615813908">90</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>CYLi</author><author>YBo</author><author>JLXu</author><author>Tian,C.Y.</author><author>Peng,Q.J.</author><author>Cui,D.F.</author><author>Xu,Z.Y.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Simultaneousdual-wavelengthoscillationat1116and1123nmofNd:YAGlaser</title><secondary-title>OpticsCommunications</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>OpticsCommunications</full-title></periodical><pages>4574-4576</pages><volume>284(19)</volume><number>19</number><section>4574</section><dates><year>2011</year></dates><isbn>00304018</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.optcom.2011.05.017</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[18]使用Nd:YAG晶体作为激光晶体，并且在腔内插入标准具来平衡增益和损耗，实现了稳定的1116nm和1123nm双波长激光。在泵浦功率为250W时，总输出功率为23W。2012年，G.Shayeganrad等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Shayeganrad</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>91</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[19]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>91</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r5ewtearps9deaert22x99a9xr29t0vz90ex"timestamp="1615814522">91</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>GShayeganrad</author><author>YCHuang</author><author>LMashhadi</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">Tunablesingleandmultiwavelengthcontinuous-wavec-cutNd:YVO</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">4</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">laser</style></title><secondary-title>AppliedPhysicsB-LasersandOptics</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedPhysicsB-LasersandOptics</full-title></periodical><pages>67-72</pages><volume>108(1)</volume><number>1</number><section>67</section><dates><year>2012</year></dates><isbn>0946-2171 1432-0649</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1007/s00340-012-4958-0</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[19]，用Nd:YVO4作为激光晶体，通过改变谐振腔内标准具的角度，获得了多组双波长激光输出：1084.6nm和1087.4nm、1066.5nm和1088.0nm、1066.8nm和1083.3nm。在特定的角度下还获得了1066.9nm、1082.9nm、1085.7nm、1088.3nm的四波长输出激光。2014年，吕彦飞等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Shayeganrad</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>91</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[19]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>91</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r5ewtearps9deaert22x99a9xr29t0vz90ex"timestamp="1615814522">91</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>GShayeganrad</author><author>YCHuang</author><author>LMashhadi</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">Tunablesingleandmultiwavelengthcontinuous-wavec-cutNd:YVO</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">4</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">laser</style></title><secondary-title>AppliedPhysicsB-LasersandOptics</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedPhysicsB-LasersandOptics</full-title></periodical><pages>67-72</pages><volume>108(1)</volume><number>1</number><section>67</section><dates><year>2012</year></dates><isbn>0946-2171 1432-0649</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1007/s00340-012-4958-0</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[19]用Nd:YVO4作为激光晶体，采用T型谐振腔，获得了914nm、1084nm、1086nm的三波长输出激光，在入射泵浦功率为25W时，总输出功率为2.3W。2016年，R.Akbari等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Akbari</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>93</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[20]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>93</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r5ewtearps9deaert22x99a9xr29t0vz90ex"timestamp="1615816454">93</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>RAkbari</author><author>HZhao</author><author>AMajor</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>High-powercontinuous-wavedual-wavelengthoperationofadiode-pumpedYb:KGWlaser</title><secondary-title>OpticsLetters</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>OpticsLetters</full-title></periodical><pages>1601-1604</pages><volume>41(7)</volume><number>7</number><edition>2016/05/19</edition><dates><year>2016</year><pub-dates><date>Apr1</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1539-4794(Electronic) 0146-9592(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>27192297</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/27192297</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1364/OL.41.001601</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[20]在腔内插入折射滤光片，用Yb:KGW作为激光晶体，实现了平均输出功率为3.4W的双波长输出激光，输出波长为1014.6nm和1041.3nm。2017年，T.Waritanant等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Waritanant</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>94</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[21]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>94</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r5ewtearps9deaert22x99a9xr29t0vz90ex"timestamp="1615816811">94</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>TWaritanant</author><author>AMajor</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">Diode-pumpedNd:YVO</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">4</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">laserwithdiscretemulti-wavelengthtunabilityandhighefficiency</style></title><secondary-title>OpticsLetters</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>OpticsLetters</full-title></periodical><pages>1149-1152</pages><volume>42(6)</volume><number>6</number><edition>2017/03/16</edition><dates><year>2017</year><pub-dates><date>Mar15</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1539-4794(Electronic) 0146-9592(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>28295070</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/28295070</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1364/OL.42.001149</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[21]用Nd:YVO4作为激光晶体，在腔内加入了双折射片，获得了1064.0nm、1073.1nm和1085.2nm的三波长激光，斜率效率和光光转换效率分别为45%和35%。除了使用一块激光增益介质外，采用腔内双激光晶体组合的模式同样也可以获得多波长激光输出。2017年，YangLiu等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>YLiu</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>95</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[22]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>95</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r5ewtearps9deaert22x99a9xr29t0vz90ex"timestamp="1615858303">95</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>YLiu,</author><author>KZhong</author><author>JLMei</author><author>Wang,Maorong</author><author>Guo,Shibei</author><author>Liu,Chu</author><author>Xu,Degang</author><author>Shi,Wei</author><author>Yao,Jianquan</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Compactandflexibledual-wavelengthlasergenerationincoaxialdiode-end-pumpedconfiguration</title><secondary-title>IEEEPhotonicsJournal</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>IEEEPhotonicsJournal</full-title></periodical><pages>1500210</pages><volume>9(1)</volume><number>1</number><section>1</section><dates><year>2017</year></dates><isbn>1943-0655</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1109/jphot.2016.2639502</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[22]将两块激光晶体紧密的贴在一起并且共轴放置，实验装置如图1.2所示。实验中使用3种晶体，通过4种组合方式：Nd:YAG/a-cutNd:YLF、Nd:YAG/c-cutNd:YLF、c-cutNd:YLF/Nd:YAG、c-cutNd:YLF/a-cutNd:YLF，分别获得了：1064nm/1047nm、1064nm/1053nm、1053nm/1064nm、1053nm/1047nm的双波长激光输出。之后在腔内插入声光调Q元件，用Nd:YAG/a-cutNd:YLF和a-cutNd:YLF/c-cutNd:YLF两种晶体组合，获得了1064nm/1047nm和1047nm/1053nm的双波长脉冲激光输出。采用双晶体组合这种方法可以在一定程度下减少不同波长之间的增益竞争，能提高激光器输出的稳定性。图1.2共轴双晶体双波长激光器实验装置图1.2利用受激拉曼散射效应产生多波长激光的研究进展基于激光增益介质自身发射谱线产生双波长的方法具有局限性，输出波长单一。使用非线性频率转换的方法可以获得更多特殊的波长。在众多非线性效应中，受激拉曼散射效应具有独特的优势：（1）受激拉曼散射具有光束净化的作用。（2）受激拉曼散射效应可以压缩脉宽，在最好的情况下获得的拉曼光脉宽可以比拉曼光小一个量级。（3）在受激拉曼散射过程中，无需相位匹配，稳定性更高。（4）受激拉曼散射独有的级联效应，在基频光强度足够的前提下，可以产生一阶拉曼光，当一阶拉曼光强度够强时，可以作为二阶拉曼光的基频光。以此类推，可能产生三阶或是更高阶的拉曼光，扩大了输出波长的范围。用受激拉曼散射效应产生多波长激光除了使用单激光晶体产生基频光，再使用单拉曼晶体产生拉曼光外也可以采用像双激光晶体单拉曼晶体，单激光晶体双拉曼晶体这些激光晶体和拉曼晶体不同的组合方式来产生多波长激光。2012年，沈洪斌等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Shen</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>96</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[23]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>96</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r5ewtearps9deaert22x99a9xr29t0vz90ex"timestamp="1615862286">96</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>HBShen</author><author>QPWang</author><author>XYZhang</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">Simultaneousdual-wavelengthoperationofNd:YVO</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">4</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">self-Ramanlaserat1524nmandundopedGdVO</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">4</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">Ramanlaserat1522nm</style></title><secondary-title>OpticsLetters</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>OpticsLetters</full-title></periodical><pages>4113-4115</pages><volume>37(19)</volume><dates><year>2012</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[23]使用YVO4-Nd:YVO4-YVO4键合晶体同时充当激光晶体和拉曼晶体，GdVO4晶体充当拉曼晶体实现了1522nm和1524nm的双波长激光输出，实验装置图如图1.3所示。入射泵浦功率为21.5W时，两拉曼光的输出功率相差较大，分别为0.54W和1.08W。实验中获得的基频光和拉曼光的脉宽分别是21.2ns和5.6ns。图1.3单激光晶体，双拉曼晶体配置实验装置图2013年，G.ShayeganradADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Shayeganrad</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>97</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[24]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>97</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r5ewtearps9deaert22x99a9xr29t0vz90ex"timestamp="1615863497">97</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>GShayeganrad</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">ActivelyQ-switchedNd:YVO</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">4</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">dual-wavelengthstimulatedRamanlaserat1178.9nmand1199.9nm</style></title><secondary-title>OpticsCommunications</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>OpticsCommunications</full-title></periodical><pages>131-134</pages><volume>292</volume><section>131</section><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>00304018</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.optcom.2012.11.060</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[24]用YVO4作为拉曼晶体，c-cutNd:YVO4作为激光晶体，采用声光调Q，获得了1178.9nm和1199.9nm的双波长输出。入射泵浦功率为19W时，拉曼光的输出功率为0.765W，光光转换效率为4%，相应的脉宽为36ns。2014年，刘杨等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Liu</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>98</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[25]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>98</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r5ewtearps9deaert22x99a9xr29t0vz90ex"timestamp="1615864246">98</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>YLiu</author><author>ZJLiu</author><author>ZHCong</author><author>Li,Y.</author><author>Xia,J.</author><author>Lu,Q.</author><author>Zhang,S.</author><author>Men,S.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">Four-wavelengthlaserbasedonintracavityBaWO</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">4</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">Ramanconversionsofadual-wavelengthQ-switchedNd:YLFlaser</style></title><secondary-title>OpticsExpress</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>OpticsExpress</full-title></periodical><pages>21879-21888</pages><volume>22(18)</volume><number>18</number><edition>2014/10/17</edition><dates><year>2014</year><pub-dates><date>Sep8</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1094-4087(Electronic) 1094-4087(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>25321563</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/25321563</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1364/OE.22.021879</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[25]先用两块Nd:YLF晶体分别产生1047nm和1053nm的基频光输出，用BaWO4晶体对两基频光进行频率转换，采用声光调Q，获得了多波长激光，实验装置图如图1.4所示。当两个基频光的入射功率分别为5.73W和4.85W时，获得了输出波长和输出功率分别为1047nm/427mW、1053nm/418mW、1159.4nm/423mW、1166.8nm/332mW的四波长激光输出。图1.4双激光晶体，单拉曼晶体配置的实验装置图2017年，王小磊等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wang</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>30</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[26]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>30</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r5ewtearps9deaert22x99a9xr29t0vz90ex"timestamp="1563371980">30</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>XLWang</author><author>XJWang</author><author>JDong</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">Multiwavelength,Sub-NanosecondYb:YAG/Cr</style><styleface="superscript"font="default"size="100%">4+</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">:YAG/YVO</style><styleface="subscript"font="default"size="100%">4</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">PassivelyQ-SwitchedRamanMicrochipLaser</style></title><secondary-title>IEEEJournalofSelectedTopicsinQuantumElectronics</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>IEEEJournalofSelectedTopicsinQuantumElectronics</full-title></periodical><pages>1400108</pages><volume>24(5)</volume><number>5</number><section>1</section>