Unit5-单元素养检测

17/17Unit5单元素养检测第一部分阅读理解第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A[浙江“9+1联盟”2018高一期中]AlmostfromthetimewhenthefirstEnglishmensetfootuponAmericansoil,ourlanguagebegantoevolve.Itisacontinuousprocessthroughoutthecenturiesandhasproducedalanguagethatdiffersfromourancestorsandshowsasignofourownfeaturesandindependence.By1790，therewerefourmillionAmericans，90%ofwhomweredescendants（后代）ofEnglishcolonists（殖民者）.This，ofcourse，leftnoquestionthatourofficialnativelanguagewouldbe"English"，butitwouldnotbethesameasthatspokeninGreatBritain.By1720，theEnglishcolonistsbegantonoticethattheirlanguagewasquitedifferentfromthatspokenintheirmotherland.Howdidthatcometobe?Therearemanyreasons,andthemostobviousoneisthedistancefromEngland.Overtheyears,manywordswereborrowedfromthenativeAmericans,aswellasotherpeoplefromFrance,Germany,Spain,andothercountries.OtherwordsthatbecameunusedinEnglandcontinuedtobeusedinthecolonies.Inothercases,wordssimplyhadtobecreatedinordertoexplaintheunfamiliarlandscape,weather,animals,plants,andlivingconditionsthattheseearlypioneerswentthrough.TothenewlyindependentAmericans,theywereproudoftheir"new"Americanlanguage,wearingit,asyet,anothersymbolofindependence.In1789,NoahWebsterwroteinhisdissertations(学位论文)ontheEnglishlanguage:“ThereasonsforAmericanEnglishbeingdifferentfromBritishEnglisharesimple:Asanindependentnation,ourhonourrequiresustohaveasystemofourown,inlanguageaswellasgovernment.”TheevolutionoftheAmericanlanguagecontinuedintothe20thcentury,aswellastheAmericanpride.1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThedevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.B.HowtolearnAmericanEnglish.C.ThefrequentchangesofEnglish.D.ThedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthereasonthathelpsformAmericanEnglish?A.AmericaisfarawayfromEngland.B.Newwordswerecreatedthroughpractices.C.SomenewwordswereborrowedfromnativeAmericans.DNewAmericansfailedtousetheoldwordsfromEngland.3.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A.EarlyAmericansfeltproudoftheirnewlanguage.B.ThenewlanguagehelpedAmericansfightagainstenemies.C.EarlyAmericansjustfeltcuriousabouttheirnewlanguage.D.Thenewlanguagehassettleditsidentityandstoppeddeveloping.B[课标全国Ⅰ2019]ForCanaanElementary’ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,andrightnowit'sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe'snervous.“I'mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould.should…”Christripsonthe"-ld,"apronunciationdifficultformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport."…Votefor...me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes."Ittakesalotforanystudent,”Whaleyexplains,"especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,'Idon'tknow,butIwanttoknow.”Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays,"isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”4.WhatmadeChrisnervous?A.Tellingastory.B.MakingaspeechC.Takingatest.D.Answeringaquestion.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"stumbles"inparagraph2referto?A.ImproperpausesB.BadmannersC.SpellingmistakesD.Sillyjokes6.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley'sprojectisto .A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths.Bassessstudents'publicspeakingskillsC.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD.inspirestudents'loveforpolitics7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A.Humorous. B.Ambitious. C.Caring. D.Demanding.CRosieDutton,ateacherfromRelaxKidsinTamworth,UK,usedtwoapplestoshowherstudentsthedamaging,andoftenunseen,consequencesofbullying(霸凌).Andherpostaboutthepowerfullessonhasgoneviral.RosieDuttonexplainedthatduringoneofherclassessheintroducedthechildrentotworedapples.Whatthekidsdidn’tknowwasthatbeforethelesson,Duttonhadrepeatedlydroppedoneoftheapplesonthefloor.Andyet,ontheoutsideatleast,bothappleslookedperfect."IpickeduptheappleI'ddroppedonthefloorandstartedtotellthechildrenhowIdislikedthisapple,thatIthoughtitwasdisgusting,ithadahorriblecolourandthestemwasjusttooshort,”Duttonwrote.Shethenencouragedthestudentstodothesame.Someofthechildrenlookedatherasifshewas"crazy”,butthestudentspassedtheapplearoundthecirclecallingitnames.Continuingtheexercise,theteacherthenpassedthesecondapplearoundthecircle.Thisapple,however,wasshoweredwithcommentslike:"Yourskinisbeautiful",and"Whatabeautifulcolouryouhave.”Duttonthenshowedthestudentsbothapplesonceagain,highlightingthat"therewasnochange;bothapplesstilllookedthesame.”Thatis,untilshecutthemopen."Theapplewe'dsaidunkindwordstowasbruisedandallmushyinside,”shesaid.Therewas,shesaid,animmediate"lightbulb"momentforherstudents."Theyreallygotit.Whatwesawinsidethatapple,thebruises,themushandthebrokenbitsiswhatishappeninginsideeveryoneofuswhensomeonemistreatsuswiththeirwordsoractions.”Duttonexplainedhowimportantitistoteachchildrentostandupforoneanother,andtostopanyformofbullyingLet'screateagenerationofkindcaringchildren,"theteacherwrote."Thetonguehasnobones,butisstrongenoughtobreakaheart.Sobecarefulwithyourwords.”8.Whathadtheteacherdonetothefirstapplebeforethelesson?A.Shehadintroducedittothekids. B.Shehaddamageditpurposely.C.Shehadmadeitlookperfect. D.Shehadcoloureditbrightly.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“callingitnames"inParagraph3mean?A.Sayingrudethings. B.Makingfunofit.C.Cheeringforit. D.Shoutingatit.10.What'sthepurposeoftheteacher'susingtwoapplesinclass?A.Todrawthekids'attention. B.Toexplainherpersonalpreference.CTomakeacomparisonbetweenthem.D.Tohelpthekidsunderstandtheresultsofbullying.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）[吉林省实验中学2019高一期末]根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AlthoughmanyChinesestudentssaythattheirknowledgeofEnglishgrammarisgood，mostwouldadmitthattheirspokenEnglishispoor.WheneverIspeaktoaChinesestudent，theyalwayssay"MyspokenEnglishispoor.11IwouldliketosuggestthattheremaybesomereasonsfortheirproblemswithspokenEnglish.First，theyfailtofindsuitablewordstoexpressthemselvesduetoalimitedvocabulary，12However，theycanspeakwithalimitedvocabulary，iftheychooseapositiveattitude.Otherswillfollowthemaslongastheyusethewordsthattheyknow._13Sometimestheymakemistakeswhentheyarespeakingbecausetheyareshyandnervous.YetstudentsshouldrememberthattheirgoalshouldbeFLUENCYNOTACCURACY.Theiraiminwritingistobeaccuratefollowingtherulesforgrammarandusingtherightwordsandspellingthemcorrectly.However，inspeakingtheiraimisfluency.Theywanttogettheirmessageacross，totalktosomeoneinEnglish，asquicklyandaswellastheycan，eventhoughsometimestheymayuseawrongwordortense，butitdoesn'tmatter.14Thethirdreasonisthatnotenoughattentionispaidtolistening.Youhaveonemouthbuttwoears！Allthathearingisnecessaryforyoutostartspeaking.Fourth，mostChinesestudentsarereactiveratherthanproactive（主动的）languagelearners.InsteadofactivelyseekingoutopportunitiestoimprovetheirspokenEnglishtheypassivelywaitforspeakingopportunitiestocometothemandwonderwhytheirEnglishalwaysremainspoor.15A.Second,theyareafraidofmakingmistakesB.TheymaytrytoavoidmakingsimilarmistakesnexttimeC.Obviouslythebetteransweristoexpandtheirvocabulary.D.However,theirspokenEnglishdoesnothavetoremain"poor"!E.Thesecondreasonliesinthereluctanceofusingwhathasjustbeenlearnt.F.Iftheyhavethisproactiveoutlook,thentheywillseeEnglishopportunitieswherevertheygo.G.Thepersontheyarespeakingtowillunderstandthemandmakeallowancesforanymistakeshehears.第二部分语言运用第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Hikingwithafriendprovidedanopportunitytomoveoutofmycomfortzoneandconnect.Coldwithamixtureofsunsetandsnowencourageda16stepthanusualonthemountain.Onthewaybackwe17alargetroopofboyscouts（童子军）andtheir18headingdown.Inalittlewhile，themajorityofthetroopwasoutof19.Leftbehindwereayoungboyandhismotherwhoseemed20onthetrail.Whenmyfriend21totiehershoes，theboyatthatmomentslippedandfelldown.Myfriend22tocatchhimasherolleddownthetrail.Helpedup,hewas23,cryinginhismother’sarms.Hecomplainedthathis24hurtandIcouldseethepanicspreadingacrossthemother'sface.IaskedifIcouldhelp,25myfriendexplainingthatIwasanurse.AfteraquickexamIcouldtellthatmorethan26hewasscared.Hiskneewas27.Buthestayedsittingwrappedinhismum'sarmsHavingasked28iftheyneededanythingbeforewecontinuedon,weturnedtoleavethesteps.Ionlytookafewsteps29realisingtherewasmorethatcouldbedone.I30tomyfriendforslowingusdown,thenturnedandaskedtheboyandhismotheriftheywantedusto31themuntiltheywereready.Icouldseethe32overthemother'sfaceAutumnhadleftthetrail33withbeautifulslipperyleaves,sowewent34.IrealisedthatIwasbeinggiftedwithmore35totakeinthebeautyofthewoodsandconversationwithfriends.16.A.quicker B.smoother C.slower D.worse17.A.cameacross B.wentthrough C.cameover D.knockedover18.A.fellows B.classmates C.families D.groups19.A.control B.sight C.danger D.order20.A.tired B.swift C.confident D.unsteady21.A.banned B.slowed C.hesitated D.pause22.A.attempted B.managed C.decided D.expected23.A.grateful B.weaknervous C.nervous D.happy24.A.feet B.knee C.leg D.waist25.A.under B.as C.by D.with26.A.something B.nothing C.everything D.anything27.A.broken B.flexible C.fine D.hurt28.A.anxiously B.impatient C.gently D.happily29.A.while B.before C.after D.as30.A.blamed B.communicated C.apologised Dexplained31.A.rescue B.waitfor C.carry D.support32.A.joy B.excitement C.terror D.relief33.A.covered B.equipped C.blocked D.lined34.A.slowly B.worriedly C.difficultly D.easilv35.A.patience B.time C.energy D.kindness第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Twobrothersdecidedtodigadeepholebehindtheirhouse.Astheywereworking，acoupleofolderboys36（stop）bytowatch.“Whatareyoudoing?”askedoneofthe37（visitor）curiously.“Weplan38（dig）aholeallthewaythroughtheearth！"Oneofthebrotherssaid39（excited）.Theolderboysbegantolaugh，tellingthe40（young）onesthatitwasimpossible.Afteralong41(silent），oneofthediggerspickedup42boxfulloftreasure.Heshowedthewonderfulthings43theolderboys.Thenhesaidconfidently，"Evenifwedon'tdigallthewaythroughtheearth，lookatwhatwefoundalongtheway！”44（they）dreamwasfartoobig，butitdidcausethemtodig.Andthatiswhatadreamisfor-tocauseustomoveinthedirectionwehavechosen.Noteverydreamwillberealised.Butwhenyoucouldn'tgetwhatyouwanted，perhapsyoucansay，"Yes，butlookatthewonderfulthings45havecomeintomylifebecauseItriedtodosomething！”36.________ 37._________ 38._________ 39.________ 40.__________41.________ 42._________ 43._________ 44.________ 45.__________第三部分写作第一节应用文写作（满分15分）[湖北荆州中学2019高一月考]假如你是李华，正在给你的美国朋友Jack写一封信推荐他使用微信（WeChat），并向他介绍微信的功能。内容要点包括:1.微信简介2.微信功能：交流、学习、支付等。注意:1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。DearJack,Howareyougoing?IwouldliketorecommendasoftwarecalledWeChattoyou._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二节 概要写作（满分25分）[浙江温州2018高一月考]阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Doeswritingcomehardtoyou？Areyoudiscouragedtofindyourselfpooratwriting？Nobodyisbornknowinghowtowrite.Goodwritinghabits，whichhelpmakeyouwriteonaregularbasis，arenecessaryforyoutoimproveyourwriting.Firstly，youaresupposedtoreadawiderangeofbooks.It'sobviouswhenawriterisnotwell-read.Lackofreadingwillbeobviousineverysentenceonewrites.Readingpreparesyouwithnecessaryknowledgetobeagoodwriter.What'smore，itprovidesyouwithbasicskillsforwriting.Theimportanceofreadingcannotbestressed（强调）toomuch：readasmuchandasoftenasyoucan.Secondly,it’simportanttomakeawritingscheduleandwritedailyifitispossible.Whetheryouwritefortwohoursadayorfifteenminutesaday，dailywritingisthekeytodevelopinggoodwritinghabits.It'sbettertowriteforfifteenortwentyminuteseverydaythantositforfiveorsixhourstowriteovertheweekend.However，ifyoucanmakeadailywritingschedulewithlongerhoursonyourwritingonweekends，thenit，'smuchbetter.Oneoftheworsthabitsisnevertogethelpfromotherstoimproveyourwriting.Itisadvisedthatyoushareyourworkwithothers.Forexample，youcanpostasceneonyourblog，sendyourwritingaroundtoafewfriends，roundupsomereadersandletthemcommentonyourwriting.Thatway，you'llfindyourwritinggraduallyimproved.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案及解析第一部分阅读理解第一节A【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国英语的发展。美国人以美国英语而自豪，他们认为这象征着独立。1.A 主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的AlmostfromthetimewhenthefirstEnglishmensetfootuponAmericansoil，ourlanguagegantoevolve，Itisacontinuousprocess.可知，本文主要介绍了美国语的发展。故选A项。2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知国英语形成的原因有美国与英国距离遥远，美国英语借用了和法国、德国及西班牙等国家的词汇以及在实践中创造出而没有提及美国人不使用来自英国的旧词汇。故选D项。3.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的TothenewlyindependentAmericans，theywereproudoftheir"new"Americanlanguage，wearingit，asvel，anothersymbolofindependence，可知，早期的美国人以美国英语为自豪，他们认为这象征着独立。故选A项。B【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了一位小学老师通过组织学生演讲来帮学生提高自信心的教学实践4.B 细节理解題。根据文章第一段中的.todayisspeechday，andrightnowit'sChrisPalaez’s，turn.可知，今天是演讲日，现在轮到克里斯·帕莱斯了。再根据第二段中的Buthe'snervous.可知，克里斯因为演讲而紧张5.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should..和“…Votefor…me…”可知，克里斯因为紧张，演讲时有些结巴。再根据画线词所在句Exceptforsomestumbles，Chrisisdoingamazinglywell可知，此处指除了一些不恰当的停顿之外，克里斯表现得好极了。由此可知，stumbles指“不恰当的停顿”。6.A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves.和最后一段中的“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities，”可知，惠利说这个课题不只是为了让孩子们学习在公共场合朗读和讲话，他还希望这些孩子学会夸奖自己。由此推知，这个课题的目的是帮助孩子们看到自己的长处。7.C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的Histeacher，ThomasWhaleyisnexttohim，whisperingsupport.和Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim以及倒数第二段中的Theanswerbrokehisheart.和最后一段所表达的意思可知，惠利是个关心、体贴学生的老师。C项caring（关心他人的；体贴人的）最能体现惠利的品质。C【语篇导读】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了一位老师用两个苹果给学生们上了一节生动的有关霸凌的危害的课。8.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Whatthekidsdidn'tknowwasthatbeforethelesson，Duttonhadrepeatedlydroppedoneoftheapplesonthefloor.可知，达顿上课前故意摔坏一个苹果，故答案为B项9.A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Ithoughtitwasdisgusting，ithadahorriblecolourand…和倒数第三段第二句中的saidunkindwords可知答案为A项。call…names意为“谩骂……”10.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后两段可知那位老师用两个苹果的例子帮助学生们明白彼此维护、停止霸凌的重要性，培养学生们成为团结友爱的人。第二节【语篇导读】本文作者分析了中国学生普遍英语口语水平不高的原因，并给出了自己的建议和意见。11.D 后文讲到IwouldliketosuggestthattheremaybesomereasonsfortheirproblemswithspokenEnglish.可知作者将给出一些原因来说明中国大多数学生英语口语不好的问题，故此处应用转折来表示他们的英语口语没有必要一直不好，故选D项。12.C 前文讲到duetoalimitedvocabulary，故此处应讲更好的方法就是扩大词汇量，故选C项。13.A 后文讲到Sometimestheymakemistakeswhentheyarespeakingbecausetheyareshyandnervous.，可知有时候他们犯错误是由于紧张和害羞，所以此处应该是关于害怕犯错误的，故选A项4.G 前文讲到…eventhoughsometimestheymayuseawrongwordortense，butitdoesn'tmatter.，可知尽管有时候他们会用错单词或时态，但是没有关系，故此处为别人会理解他们的错误并且会包容他们的错误。故选G项。15.F 前文讲到theypassivelywaitforspeakingopportunitiestocometohem，可知有些人被动地等说英语的机会，所以此处是说他们应该积极主动去寻找机会，然后就会发现机会无处不在，故选F项。第二部分语言运用【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和朋友在山间远足时偶然遇到一对需要帮助的母子。本来因寒冷而匆忙的步伐，为了照顾他们而放缓。作者意识到在帮助他们的过程中自己有了更多的时间去欣赏美景和与朋友聊天16.A 根据第四段第二句中的slowingusdown推知，落日和雪促使他们加快了步伐，并且这里的快步行走和结尾的慢速行走形成对比。故选A项17.A 根据语境可知，在回来的路上，他们遇到了一队童子军和他们的家人。comeacross意为“遇到，碰到”。故选A项18.C 根据本段第四句中的ayoungboyandhismother可以判断，在回去的路上他们遇到了一队童子军和他们的家人。故选C项。19.B 根据下句中的Leftbehind可知，童子军中的大部分人都向前走了，消失在了视野中。outofsight意为“看不见，在视野外”。故选B项20.D 根据下文的theboyatthatmomentslippedandfelldown可知，因路面滑，男孩和母亲走得很不稳，unsteady意为“不稳的”。故选D项21.D 根据第一段中的Hikingwithafriend和语境可知，这里说作者的朋友停下来系鞋带。pause意为“暂停，停顿”，故选D项。22.A 根据空后的asherolleddownthetrail可以判断，作者的朋友试图接住男孩。attempttodosth意为“试图做某事”。而managetodosth表示“成功地做了某事”。故选A项。23.C 根据空后的cryinginhismother'sarms以及后文男孩说他的膝盖受伤了可推知，被扶起后，男孩紧张地在他母亲怀里哭。nervous意为“紧张的”，符合语境。故选C项。24.B 根据下文的Hiskneewas.可知，男孩说膝盖疼。故选B项。25.D 根据语境可知，此处表示作者询问是否可以帮忙的时候，朋友解释说作者是护士，以便孩子的母亲可以接受他们的帮助。逗号后为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。故选D项26.D 根据语境可知，此处表示快速检查过后，作者能断定男孩主要是受到了惊吓。morethananything为固定搭配，意为“主要是”。故选D项27.C 根据下句的But可推测，男孩的膝盖没受伤，但他仍然坐在母亲怀里。故选C项。28.C 根据语境可知，此处表示“我们”轻声地询问过他们是否需要其也帮助之后继续前行。故选C项。29.B 根据下句提到的作者又转身回来可推知，作者走了几步之后才意识到还可以多为他们做些事情。before意为“……之后才”。故选B项。30.C 作者是和朋友一起徒步旅行的，现在他打算放慢速度和这对母子一起走，所以他向朋友道歉。apologise意为“道歉"，符合语境，故选C项。31.B根据上文可知男孩并未受伤，所以此处是作者询同，等他们准备好的时候是否愿意和作者一起下山。故选B项。32.D 根据前文的Icouldseethepaniespreadingacrossthemother'sface可推知，当作者提出要和他们一起下山的时候，母亲的脸上露出宽慰的表情。故选D项。33.A 所选动词要表达树叶和小路的关系，因此covered最合适。句意为：美丽而湿滑的树叶覆盖着秋天的山路。故选A项34.A 根据空前的withbeautifulslipperyleaves可知，秋天的山路上满是美丽而光滑的树叶，因此要慢慢下山。故选A项35.B 文章首尾呼应，文章开头提到此次远足旅行使作者有机会走出舒适区，给他提供了与外界联系的机会，为了照顾途中偶然遇到的母子，作者放慢了下山的步伐，同时，作者意识到自己也有了更多的时间去欣赏林间美景并与朋友交流。故选B项。第二节【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过兄弟俩挖洞的故事告诉我们一个道理：人应该有目标，并为实现该目标而努力；尽管这个目标有可能实现不了，