《制冷专业英语》课件-Unit2 Thermal Storage

SectionOne

Unit1:TheNeedofAirConditioning

Unit2:ThermalStorage

Unit3:HistoryofRefrigerationandAirConditioning

Unit2:ThermalStorage

NewWords&ExpressionsTextNotestothe

TextExerciseNewWords&Expressions稠密;浓厚thermaladj.

热的,热量的temporary暂时的,临时的,临时性solar太阳的,日光的availability可用性,有效性,实用性simultaneously同时地backupn.vt.后援,支持,阻塞做备份emergencyn.紧急情况,突然事件,非常时刻,紧急事件reservoirn.

水库,蓄水池accomplishvt.完成,达到,实现hydraten.v.氢氧化物与水化合densityn.NewWords&Expressions分开(离),对...实行种族隔离withdrawvt.收回,撤消standbyn.可以信任的人,使船待命的信息备用vesseln.船,容器,器皿,脉管,导管phasen.阶段,状态,相,相位transportabilityn.可运输性,应处以流放componentn.元(部,组)件,成(部)分viscousadj.粘性的,粘滞的,胶粘的corrosiveadj.腐蚀的,蚀坏的,腐蚀性的segregatevt.Text

Thermalstorageisthetemporarystorageofhighorlow-temperatureenergyforlateruse.1Examplesofthermalstoragearethestorageofsolarenergyfornightheatingandthestorageofsummerheatforwinteruse,thestorageofwintericeforspacecoolinginthesummer,andthestorageofheatorcoolnessgeneratedelectricallyduringoff-peakhoursforuseduringsubsequentpeakhours.2Mostthermalstorageapplicationsinvolvea24-hoursstoragecycle,althoughweeklyandseasonalcyclesarealsoused.热存储暂时存储高温或低温能量，以供以后使用。比如存储太阳能为晚上供热或存储夏天的热量供冬季使用，以及存储冬季的冰以供夏天的空间降温。再比如在用电低峰时期，可以存储电能产生的热量或冷量，以便在随后的高峰期间使用。大多数热存储以24小时作为存储周期，虽然也有以一周和一个季节作为周期的。Text

Whentheperiodofenergyavailabilityislongerthantheperiodofenergyuse,thermalstoragepermitstheinstallationofsmallerheatingorcoolingequipmentthanwouldotherwiseberequired.Inmanycases,storagecanprovidebenefitsforbothheatingandcooling,eithersimultaneouslyoratdifferenttimesoftheyear.当能量获取的周期比能量使用的周期长时，热存储允许用比实际需要的加热或冷却设备更小。在许多情况下，存储既能在当时，也能在一年内其它的时期为加热和冷却提供好处。Text

有利于热存储应用的条件包括：相对短的时间内有较高的载荷;高电力的加载需求;在低峰期间的低成本电能;需蓄冷以防停电或制冷设备出故障(仅仅是冷水泵需要以紧急发电机驱动)；需要为下班后的小负荷提供制冷，例如餐馆制冷；中等的电梯设备房间,个人办公室,以及计算机房间;建筑物的扩大(存储设备的安装可以不需要扩大加热/冷却机器);提供消防水池的需要;需要补充一个小容量的发电机等等。显热存储，存储是以提高或降低存储介质，即水、岩床、砖、沙或土壤的温度来完成。

Conditionsfavoringthermalstorageincludehighloadsofrelativelyshortduration;highelectricpowerdemandcharges;lowcostelectricalenergyduringoff-peakhours;needforcoolingbackupincaseofpoweroutageorarefrigerationplantfailure(onlychilledwaterpumpsmustbepoweredbytheemergencygenerator),needtoprovidecoolingforsmallafter-hourloadssuchascoolingofrestaurants,mid-heightelevatorequipmentrooms,individualoffices,andcomputerrooms;buildingexpansion(installationofstoragemayeliminatetheneedforheating/coolingplantexpansion);needtoprovideafirefightingreservoir;needtosupplementalimitedcapacitygenerationplant;andothers.3Text

Insensibleheatstorage,storageisaccomplishedbyraisingorloweringthetemperatureofthestoragemedium,i.e.,water,rockbeds,bricks,sand,orsoil.Inlatentheatstorage,storageisaccomplishedbyachangeinthephysicalstateofthestoragemedium,usuallyfromliquidtosolid(heatoffusion)orviceversa.Typicalmaterialsarewater/ice,salthydrates,andcertainpolymers.Energydensitiesforlatentheatstoragearegreaterthanthoseforsensibleheatstorage,whichresultsinsmallerandlighterstoragedevicesandlowerstoragelosses.显热存储，存储是以提高或降低存储介质，即水、岩床、砖、沙或土壤的温度来完成。潜热存储，存储是以改变存储介质物理状态来完成，通常从液体到固体(熔解热)或反过来。典型的物质有水/冰、含盐的水合物和某些聚合物。潜热存储的能密度比显热存储大，从而导致更小、更轻的贮藏装置和更低的贮藏损失。Text

Storageefficiencyistheratioofenergythatcanbewithdrawnfromstorage,dividedbytheamountputintostorage.4Storageefficienciesupto90%canbeachievedinwell-stratifiedwatertanksthatarefullychargedanddischargedonadailycycle.Allstoragedevicesaresubjecttostandbylosses,whicharegenerallyproportionaltotheexposedsurfaceareaofthestoragevessel.5存储效率是从存储中能够取出的能量与总的存入能量的比值。以一日为周期在完全分层的水箱中充满水再放掉，可达到90%的存储效率。所有的存储装置都面临备用损失，其损失程度与存储容器暴露在外的表面积成正比。Text

ForHVACandrefrigerationpurposes,waterandphasechangematerials(PCMs)-particularlyice-constitutetheprincipalstoragemedia.Soil,rock,andothersolidsarealsoused.Waterhastheadvantageofuniversalavailability,lowcost,andtransportabilitythroughothersystemcomponents.Somephasechangematerialsareviscousandcorrosiveandmustbesegregatedwithinthecontainerfortheheattransfermedium.Ifheatingandcoolingstorageisrequired,twophasechangematerialsmustbeprovided,unlessheatpumpingisused.为了暖通空调和制冷，水和相变材料(脉码调制)—特别是冰—组成主要的存储介质。另外，土壤、岩石以及其他固体也被使用。水的优点是可以较易获取，费用低，通过别的系统部件就能输送。而一些相变材料是粘滞性和腐蚀性的，并且必须被隔离在用于存放传热介质的容器中。如果需要储热与储冷，那么除非使用热泵，否则必须提供两种相变材料。NotestotheTextUnit1NotestotheText1、Thermalstorageisthetemporarystorageofhighorlow-temperatureenergyforlateruse.thermalstorage应译为“热贮存，蓄热以显热形式（温升）或潜热形式（相变）积聚在一物体或系统中的热量”。Unit1NotestotheTextoff-peakhours离峰时间（电力）；非交通繁忙时间；非峰荷时间。例如：Collectthisperiodicallyduringpeakandoff-peakhours.在高峰和非高峰期定期收集这些信息。Thatmeterwillchargedifferentpricesforelectricitydependingonwhetherit'sdrawnduringpeakoroff-peakhours.该电表可以区别高峰时段和低谷时段来提供不同的电价。2、Examplesofthermalstoragearethestorageofsolarenergyfornightheatingandthestorageofsummerheatforwinteruse,thestorageofwintericeforspacecoolinginthesummer,andthestorageofheatorcoolnessgeneratedelectricallyduringoff-peakhoursforuseduringsubsequentpeakhours.

Unit1NotestotheText这是一个长句。在科技英语中经常回遇到很长的句子，要认真分析其成分。本句是一个简单句，主语是Conditions，favoringthermalstorage是现在分词作定语修饰conditions；谓语是include，后面的是宾语部分，由若干并列成分构成。

poweroutage译为“停电”after-hour译为“下班以后”3、Conditionsfavoringthermalstorageincludehighloadsofrelativelyshortduration;highelectricpowerdemandcharges;lowcostelectricalenergyduringoff-peakhours;needforcoolingbackupincaseofpoweroutageorarefrigerationplantfailure(onlychilledwaterpumpsmustbepoweredbytheemergencygenerator),needtoprovidecoolingforsmallafter-hourloadssuchascoolingofrestaurants,midheightelevatorequipmentrooms,individualoffices,andcomputerrooms;buildingexpansion(installationofstoragemayeliminatetheneedffirefightingorheating/coolingplantexpansion);needtoprovideareservoir;needtosupplementalimitedcapacitygenerationplant;andothers.Unit1NotestotheText4、Storageefficiencyistheratioofenergythatcanbewithdrawnfromstorage,dividedbytheamountputintostorage.theratioof意为“比值”。例如：Andinpracticalterms,wecandefinetheefficiencyastheratiooftheheatintotheworkout.在实际中，我们定义,效率为热与功的比值。withdrawn意为“收回,撤消”。例如：Thesummonswaswithdrawn.传票被撤回。Unit1NotestotheText5、Allstoragedevicesaresubjecttostandbylosses,whicharegenerallyproportionaltotheexposedsurfaceareaofth