初中主谓一致语法专项练习题

一、引言主谓一致是初中英语语法的“核心基石”，也是中考高频考点（覆盖单选、完形、写作等题型）。其本质是主语与谓语在人称、数上保持一致，但需结合主语形式（单复数、集合名词、不定代词等）灵活判断。掌握主谓一致不仅能避免语法错误，更能提升句子表达的准确性。本文将按“考点分类—规则讲解—专项练习—易错提醒”逻辑，逐一突破重点，并配套针对性练习，帮助学生从“理解”到“熟练应用”。二、核心考点分类讲解及专项练习（一）单数主语：谓语用单数规则：主语为可数名词单数、不可数名词或单数代词（he/she/it/this/that等）时，谓语用单数（一般现在时加-s/-es，be动词用is/was）。例：Thecatlikesfish.（可数名词单数）；Waterisimportant.（不可数名词）；Thisbookisinteresting.（单数代词）。专项练习（基础版）1.Thetree______(be)tall.2.Milk______(taste)good.3.Thatgirl______(play)thepianoeveryday.4.Everything______(go)well.专项练习（提升版）（易错题：不可数名词前有修饰语仍用单数）1.Alotofrice______(be)inthebag.2.Thenews______(be)exciting.（二）复数主语：谓语用复数规则：主语为可数名词复数或复数代词（they/we/you/these/those等）时，谓语用复数（一般现在时用原形，be动词用are/were）。例：Theflowersarebeautiful.（可数名词复数）；Theygotoschoolbybike.（复数代词）。专项练习（基础版）1.Thebooks______(be)ontheshelf.2.We______(like)playingfootball.3.Thosebirds______(fly)tothesouth.专项练习（提升版）（易错题：“the+形容词”表示一类人，谓语用复数）1.Theold______(need)morecare.2.Thosewhoarelate______(have)tostay.（三）集合名词：整体vs个体规则：集合名词（family/class/team/group等）作主语时，强调整体用单数，强调个体用复数。例：Myfamilyisabigone.（整体）；MyfamilylikewatchingTV.（个体）。专项练习（基础版）1.Ourteam______(be)thebest.（整体）2.Theteam______(be)preparingforthematch.（个体）专项练习（提升版）（易错题：集合名词前有“the”仍需判断）1.Thecrowd______(cheer)fortheplayers.（个体）2.Thegroup______(has)ameetingeveryweek.（整体）（四）并列主语：and/or/nor的规则规则：and连接：一般用复数；若指同一人/事物（如ateacherandwriter），用单数。or/nor/either...or.../neither...nor...：遵循“就近原则”（谓语与最近主语一致）。专项练习（基础版）1.LucyandLily______(be)twins.2.Neitherhenorshe______(like)coffee.专项练习（提升版）（易错题：同一概念用单数）1.Breadandbutter______(be)myfavorite.（同一概念）2.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher______(be)excited.（就近原则）（五）不定代词作主语：谓语用单数规则：不定代词（everyone/somebody/nothing等）作主语时，无论指代单复数，谓语均用单数。例：Everyonelikestobehappy.；Nothingisimpossible.专项练习（基础版）1.Somebody______(wait)foryou.2.Something______(smell)badinthekitchen.专项练习（提升版）（易错题：none指代不可数名词用单数）1.Noneofthewater______(be)left.2.Eachoftheboys______(be)interestedinthegame.（六）数量词+名词：根据名词单复数判断规则：alotof/lotsof/some等：后接可数名词复数用复数，不可数名词用单数。分数/百分数+of+名词：谓语与of后的名词一致（名词单则单，名词复则复）。例：Alotofbooksareontheshelf.（可数复数）；Twothirdsofthewaterisgone.（不可数）。专项练习（基础版）1.Someofthestudents______(be)fromAmerica.2.Halfofthecake______(be)eaten.专项练习（提升版）（易错题：thenumberofvsanumberof）1.Thenumberofstudents______(be)40.（……的数量，单数）2.Anumberofstudents______(be)interestedinEnglish.（许多，复数）（七）特殊结构：therebe/here倒装/动名词作主语规则：therebe：就近原则（谓语与最近主语一致）；将来时用“therewillbe”。动名词/不定式作主语：谓语用单数（表示抽象概念）。例：Thereisabookandtwopens.（就近原则）；Swimmingisgoodforhealth.（动名词作主语）。专项练习（基础版）1.There______(be)somebreadandeggs.2.Playingfootball______(be)myfavoritesport.专项练习（提升版）（易错题：therebe将来时）1.There______(be)apartytomorrow.（willbe）2.Here______(be)yourkeys.（主语keys是复数，are）1.（2023·山东济南）—There______afootballmatchtomorrowafternoon.—Really?Ican'twaittowatchit.A.isB.areC.willbeD.was答案：C（therebe将来时，选willbe）。2.（2022·江苏南京）—Whoissinginginthenextroom?—______mustbemysister.A.ItB.SheC.ThisD.That答案：A（不定代词it指代未知的人，谓语用单数）。3.（2021·浙江杭州）—Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?—______thestudentsinourclass______50.A.Anumberof;isB.Anumberof;areC.Thenumberof;isD.Thenumberof;are答案：C（thenumberof表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数）。四、综合练习题（全面检验）请根据规则选择正确答案：1.Myfamily______(be)goingtovisitmygrandparentsnextweek.2.Eitheryouorhe______(have)totakecareofthebaby.3.Thenews______(be)verysurprising.4.Alotofpeople______(like)totravelduringholidays.5.Noneofthemoney______(be)mine.6.There______(be)somebreadandeggsontheplate.7.Playingbasketball______(be)goodforyourhealth.8.Theclass______(be)havingameetingnow.9.Neithertheteachernorthestudents______(know)theanswer.10.Everyoneoftheflowers______(look)beautiful.五、综合练习题答案解析1.are（集合名词强调个体，用复数）；2.has（either...or...就近原则，he是单数）；3.is（news是不可数名词，用单数）；4.like（alotofpeople是可数复数，用原形）；5.is（none指代不可数名词，用单数）；6.is（therebe就近原则，bread是不可数名词）；7.is（动名词作主语，用单数）；8.are（class强调个体，用复数）；9.know（neither...nor...就近原则，students是复数）；