《汽车专业英语》课件第5章

5.1FaultCode5.2CarExteriorCareTipe5.3PaintYourCaratHome5.4BrakeProblems5.5EngineMaintenance5.6HowToKeepTheAutomaticTransmissionalive5.7SsystemDiagnosisPARTⅤAUTOMAINTENAINCEPART ⅤAUTOMAINTENAINCE学习目标

通过本章的学习，你应当能够：掌握与汽车维修有关的专业术语、专业词汇和缩略语。掌握汽车维修英语的习惯表达方法。能查阅汽车维修的有关英文资料。能借助字典翻译汽车维修方面的文章。5.1FaultCode

FaultinformationscanbedisplayedthroughtheinstrumentpanelCheckEngineLamporbyconnectingtheRB(DiagnosticReadingBox).(SeeTable5.1.1)Table5.1.1TechnicalWords

distributor n. (燃料)分配器，分电器

barometric n. 气压

thermostat n. 恒温(节)器，热动开关

wastegate n. (涡轮增压器中的)废气阀

alternator n. 交流发电机

turbo n. 涡轮增压器

lean adj. 贫乏的，缺乏的，稀的

sync n. 同步

baro n. 气压PhrasesandExpressions

faultcode 故障码

barometricpressure 大气压

anopencondition 断路，开路

ashortencondition 短路NotesontheText

1．FaultinformationscanbedisplayedthroughtheinstrumentpanelCheckEngineLamporbyconnectingtheDRB(DiagnosticReadingBox).故障信号能通过仪表盘上的检查发动机灯或联结DRB(故障诊断读取器)显示。

2．Injectoroutputdriverdoesnotrespondproperlytothecontrolsignal(DRBspecifiestheinjectorbycylindernumber).喷油器输出信号驱动器不能正确地受控制信号操纵(解码器用汽缸顺序数表示喷油器)。

3．MAP

ManifoldAbsolutePressure进(排)气歧管绝对压力。Exercises

Ⅰ. AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.

1．WhatisDRB?

2．WhatisMAP?

3．WhatisAIS？

4．WhatisA/C?

Ⅱ. TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoEnglish.

1．故障码

2．电磁阀

3．氧传感器

4．最高允许电压

5．故障原因

6．参照信号

Ⅲ. TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1．传感器输入信号低于最小允许电压值。

2．节气门位置输入信号电压高于最高允许值。

3．自动怠速控制线路上出现短路或断路。

4．氧传感器输入信号指示空燃比大。ReadingMaterialVehicleIdentificationNumber

WhatisaVehicleIdentificationNumber(VIN)?

Acar’svehicleidentificationnumber(VIN)istheidentifyingcodeforyourSPECIFICautomobile.Itisyourcar’sfingerprint.Itsetstheirvehiclesapartfromthemillionsofvehiclesoutthere.TheVINisreflectedby17digitcharacters.Itdisplaysacar’suniquenessandmanufacturerandprovidesamethodtotraceyourcarfromthefactorytothejunkyard.YourVINcanbeusedtotrackrecalls,registrations,warrantyclaims,theftsandinsurancecoverage.

HistoryoftheVehicleIdentificationNumber“VIN”

Inthemid1950’sAmericanautomobilemanufacturersbeganstampingandcastingidentifyingnumbersoncarsandtheirparts.Theobviouspurposewastogiveanaccuratedescriptionofthevehiclewhenmassproductionnumberswerestartingtoclimbinverysignificantnumbers.

Intheearly1980’stheNationalhighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(U.S.Dept.ofTransport)requiredthatallroadvehiclesmustcontaina17characterVIN.ThisestablishedthefixedVINsystemformajorvehiclemanufacturers.Thus,establishingaunique“DNA”stylenumberforeachuniquevehiclewhichrolledofftheassemblyline.

VehicleIdentificationNumbers

AVehicleIdentificationNumber(VIN)isaunique17characternumber.VINsareusedinNewZealand,Australia,Europe,theUnitedStatesandothercountries.They’rethemainwayvehiclesareidentifiedforadministrativepurposes.

Allnewlyregisteredandre-registeredvehiclesmusthaveaVINaswellasaregistrationnumber.TheVINcanbe：● stampedintothevehiclestructure(oftenthefirewall)duringmanufacture,or● stampedonametalplateandfixedontothevehiclebody,or● etchedontotherearwindowofthevehicle.

Whynotframeorchassisnumbers

Eachmakeofvehicleusesadifferentframeorchassisnumberingsystem.Thesystemsdon’tmatcheachother,andsometimesnumbersareduplicated.There’saninternationallyrecognisedcodeforVINs,sothey’restandardizedforallvehicles.

DoVINsaffectvehicleowners

Mostly,no.NewvehiclesmusthaveaVINattachedbeforethey’resold,andit’sthemanufacturer’sorimporter’sresponsibilitytosupplythenumbers.

Whataboutsecond-handimports

Someimportedsecond-handvehicleshaveVINsalreadyattached.Aslongasthenumberconformswiththeapprovedstandard(andisunique)itwillbeacceptedastherequiredidentification.WhenanimportedvehiclealreadyhasaVINnumber,it’stheimporter’sresponsibilitytogivethesufficientinformationtodecodeit.

WherecanIfindmycarVINnumber

Asthenumberoftheftgrowing,manufacturer’sputmoreandmoreVINnumberstickerstomanypartsofthevehicle.WiththenewvehicletrackingsytemsuchasLoJack,policecantrackastolenvehiclewithinhours,givingthethiefnotimetoremovealltheVINnumberstickersthatareinmanyplacesandhiddensomewhereonthecarparts.

TheVINnumbercanbefoundbylookingatthedashboardonthedriversideofthevehicle.IftheVINcannotbefound,openthedriversidedoorandlookatthedoorpost.Commonlocationsofthevehicleidentificationnumber(VIN)varybutthefollowingareplacestolook：● Firewallofthevehicle● RadiatorSupportBracket● Dashbywindshield● Driversdoororpostonpassengerside● Guarantee&MaintenanceBook● MachinedPadonfrontofengine

NotesontheText

1.Acar’svehicleidentificationnumber(VIN)istheidentifyingcodeforyourSPECIFICautomobile.Itisyourcar’sfingerprint.Itsetstheirvehiclesapartfromthemillionsofvehiclesoutthere.一辆汽车的识别码是你所特有的汽车的鉴别代码。它是你汽车的指纹。它使人们的汽车与数百万的汽车有了显而易见的分别。

2.Intheearly1980’stheNationalhighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration(U.S.Dept.ofTransport)requiredthatallroadvehiclesmustcontaina17characterVIN.ThisestablishedthefixedVINsystemformajorvehiclemanufacturers.在20世纪80年代，国道行车安全管理部(美国运输局)要求所有行驶车辆必须含有一个17位的车辆识别码。这为主要的车辆生产厂商确立了固有的VIN码系统。

3.Someimportedsecond-handvehicleshaveVINsalreadyattached.Aslongasthenumberconformswiththeapprovedstandard(andisunique)itwillbeacceptedastherequiredidentification.WhenanimportedvehiclealreadyhasaVINnumber,it’stheimporter’sresponsibilitytogivethesufficientinformationtodecodeit.一些进口的二手车已经附有VIN码。只要这个码与认可标准一致(并且是惟一性的)，它就可以作为必需的识别码被认可。当一辆进口车已经具备了VIN码，进口商就有责任提供详尽的解释信息。

4.Asthenumberoftheftgrowing,manufacturer’sputmoreandmoreVINnumberstickerstomanypartsofthevehicle.WiththenewvehicletrackingsytemsuchasLoJack,policecantrackastolenvehiclewithinhours,givingthethiefnotimetoremovealltheVINnumberstickersthatareinmanyplacesandhiddensomewhereonthecarparts.随着盗窃数字的上升，生产商在汽车的很多部位安放了越来越多的VIN码标签。借助像“LoJack”这种新型车辆跟踪系统，警察数小时之内就能跟踪到一辆被盗车辆，使小偷没有时间去除汽车零部件上很多部位和随处隐藏的VIN码标签。5.2CarExteriorCareTips

Washyourcar

Washyourcarregularly－atleastonceamonth.Makesuretowashoffalltheplaceswherethedirtandsaltmaybeaccumulated－themoistureaccumulatesindirtyareascausingcorrosion.

Usepressurewashatleastonceinawhile－removesthedirtfromdifficulttoreachareas,particularlyhelpfulafterwinter.Havethecarwaxedincarwashstations－makethecarshinyandprotectthepaint.

Howtowaxyourcar

Waxyourcarafterwashing－waxhelpstoprotectthepaint,minimizingharmofchemicalsandprotectingthepaintfromfading;plusthecarlooksshiny.Waxyourcaronceinathreeorfourmonths－theoften,thebetter.

Waxawholecarwithhighqualitycarwax－ittakesabout30minutes.

Rustproofingyourvehicle

Rustproofingwillbehelpfulformanyreasons:

Itprotectsacarbodyfromtherust.

Itprotectselectricalconnectorsandwiresfromthemoisture.

Itprotectsthebrakelinesfromcorrosion(whichisveryimportantforsafetyreasons).

Howtorepairstonechips

Thestonechipswillcausecorrosionifnotrepairedintime.

First:buythematchingspraypaintfromadealerandfindatoothpick.

Second:shakethespraypaintverywell(forafewminutes).

Third:sprayverysmallamountintothecap.

Last:deeptheendofthetoothpickintothepaintinthecaptofeelupdamage.

Note:Verycarefully,don’tletthepainttocomeout.

Nowitlooksmuchbetteranditwillnotbecorrodedlater.

Howtoremoveresiduemarks(paint)leftbyotherobjects

Thismarkonthebumperwasmadeintheundergroundparking.Ifyoulookverycloselyit’sactuallywhitepaintresidueoveroriginalclearcoat.Theclearcoatitselfseemstobedamagedonlyslightly.Now,trytoremoveit.

Step1:buyultra-fine1500-gritor2000-gritwaterproofsandpaper(thehighernumberstaysforthefinestabrasive:the60-gritsandpaperisveryrough,whilethe2000-gritsandpaperisultra-fine).

Step2:findpolishingcompoundcontainingmildabrasives(IusedonefromTurtleWax).

Step3:findacarwax(IusedTurtleWaxliquidcarwaxwithCarnauba).

Step4:tryonsometinyspottoseehowitworks.

Step5:sandthemarkswithwetsandpaperuntiltheyallgone.(buttheclearcoathaslostitsshine).

Step6:putsmallamountofthepolishingcompoundontothedampspongeandrubwelluntiltheclearcoatbecomesshiny.Laststep,bufftheareawiththecarwax.

Howtoremovedeepscratches

Somethedeepscratchesmayberepainted.

Step1:buymatchingspraypaint.

Step2:washtheareathoroughlyandletitdrycompletely.

Step3:shakethespraypaintverywell(atleast2-3minutes).

Step4:sprayalittleamountintothecap.Don’tspraydirectlyontothescratch－itwon’tlookgood.

Now,applythepaintoverthescratchverycarefullywithawoodentoothpick.Onlycoverthescratchwithoutlettingthepainttopourdown.Ifthepaintingpoursdown,wipeitoffimmediatelywiththecleantissue.

Howtoremoveminorscratches

Lookattheimage,thesescratchesonthetrunkweremadebythetreebranches.It’snotabigproblem,but...

Iwillremovethesescratchesintwosteps:

First,Iusepolishingcompoundtopolishthescratches.

Itcontainsmildabrasiveandremovesverythincoatofpainting.Whenyouwillshopforthiskindofproduct,therearefewgradesavailable.Youneedtheonethatcointainsthefinestabrasive.

Iputalittleamountofpolishingcompoundontoadampspongeandbuffthescratchedareainacircularmotionuntilscratchesdisappear.Butdon’toverdoit.I’dsuggesttryingasmallareafirst,togetusetotheprocess.ThenIwashofftheareacompletely.

Nowit’stimetousealiquidwax.Isqueezealittleamountofwaxontoaspongeandspreadevenlyonthescratchedarea.Iwaitalittleallowingproducttohaze,then,usingasofttowel,Ibuffthewax.TechnicalWordsexterior n. 外壳wax n. 蜡corrosion n. 锈蚀moisture n. 水气，潮气bumper n. 保险杠coating n. 涂层limestone n. 水垢，石灰石

rustproof v. 防锈,防锈处理

residue n. 残渣,残余物

toothpick n. 牙签

ultra-fine adj. 超细的

sandpaper n. 砂纸

sponge n. 海绵

buff n.；v. 软皮；(用软皮、棉布、毛毡、 抛光轮)进行抛光

haze v. 使朦胧，变混浊

PhrasesandExpressions

takecareof 保护

washoff 清除

protects…from 保护……

NotesontheText

1.Usepressurewashatleastonceinawhile－removesthedirtfromdifficulttoreachareas,particularlyhelpfulafterwinter.至少过一段时间就必须用高压水冲洗——去除难清洗部位的污垢，尤其在冬季更有好处。

2.Buyultra-fine1500-gritor2000-gritwaterproofsandpaper(thehighernumberstaysforthefinestabrasive:the60-gritsandpaperisveryrough,whilethe2000-gritsandpaperisultra-fine).购买超细的1500号或2000号的防水砂纸(砂纸标号越高，代表磨料越细：60号砂纸是很粗的，而2000号砂纸是超细型的)。

3．Isqueezealittleamountofwaxontoaspongeandspreadevenlyonthescratchedarea.Iwaitalittleallowingproducttohaze,then,usingasofttowel,Ibuffthewax.我挤出车蜡少许放在海绵上，然后均匀地涂在擦痕处。等一会儿，让它变得朦胧混浊后，再用软毛巾擦亮。Exercises

Ⅰ. AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.

1．Whydoweneedtotakecareofcarbody?

2．Howoftenmustyouwashyourcaratleast?

3．Whatmakesthecarshinyandprotectsthepaint?

4．Howoftendoyouhavetowaxyourcar?

5．Howlongdoesittaketopolishawholecar?

Ⅱ. Translatethefollowingexpressions.

1．去除刮痕

2．防止生锈

3．慎重选用车蜡

4．保持光亮爽洁、不留擦痕

5．每月一次

6．60号砂纸

Ⅲ. TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1．把喷漆瓶充分摇匀(至少2～3分钟)。

2．必须彻底清除藏污积垢的地方。

3．汽车沾上污垢后要及时处理。

4．用潮湿的砂纸来擦抹斑点直到斑点全部擦去。

5．清除车体内外的各种氧化和腐蚀。ReadingMaterialCarDecorating:Spotlights

Cardecoratingcanbeeasyandfun.Learnhowtofitspotlightstoyourcarlegallyandsafelyandavoidthehassles.

Spotlightsareausefuladditiontoyourcar.Theywillprovideaclearlydefinedpatchoflightontheroad.Thenarrowbeamofthespotlighthasaverylongrange.Itisbestusedtolightuptheroadaheadoftheheadlightmainbeam.Anotheroptionisdrivinglights,whichgiveamuchbroader,moreevenspreadoflightthandospotlights.Theseareusedassupplementstothenormalbeamlights.Theyareusuallypositionedsoastoilluminatetheareasoftheroadthattheheadlightsdonotlightup.

Spotlightsareausefuladditiontoyourcar.Theywillprovideaclearlydefinedpatchoflightontheroad.Thenarrowbeamofthespotlighthasaverylongrange.Itisbestusedtolightuptheroadaheadoftheheadlightmainbeam.Anotheroptionisdrivinglights,whichgiveamuchbroader,moreevenspreadoflightthandospotlights.Theseareusedassupplementstothenormalbeamlights.Theyareusuallypositionedsoastoilluminatetheareasoftheroadthattheheadlightsdonotlightup.

Beforeyoufitanextrapairoflightstoyourcar,checktoseeifthegeneratorcancopewiththeextraload.Checkalsotomakesurethatthebatteryandterminalsareingoodorder.Therearealsolegalconsiderationstoabideby.Bothlightsmustbemountedsymmetricallyatleast24inchesandnomorethan42inchesfromtheground.Inadditionthelightsmustbenomorethan16inchesfromthesideofthecar.

Whenyouhaveselectedyourlightsfollowthesestepstoinstallthemonyourvehicle:

(1)Withyourlightkitwillcomeasetofclamps.Assembletheclampasperthewritteninstructionsprovided.Slidetheclampoverthereartoplipofthebumperplacingitinaccordancewiththelegalrequirements.Tightentheboltstoholdtheclampinplace.

(2)Fitthelight’smountingbolttotheclamp.Keepingthelightpointedstraightahead,doupthenuttightly.

(3)Fitthelight’smountingbolttotheclamp.Keepingthelightpointedstraightahead,doupthenuttightly.

(4)Youarenowreadytowireupthelights.Youwantthelightstoonlycomeonwiththemainbeam.Toachievethisyouwillneedtocreatearelay.Theoperatingpartoftherelayisconnectedtotheheadlightmainbeamwiringandtoaswitchonthedash.

(5)Securetherelaytothebody-workwithaselftappingscrew.RunawirefromoneoftheoperatingterminalsoftherelaytotheheadlightmainbeamwireandconnectitwithaScotchlockconnector.Leadanotherwirefromtheotheroperatingterminaltothedash.Wireuponeoftheremainingterminalsofthelights.

(6)Stripthelasthalfinchofinsulationfromthepowerwireofeachlight,thenfeedthemthroughtheradiatorgrille.Twistthebaredendstogether,andfitthemintoanin-linecrimpedconnector.Fitthewirefromtherelayintotheotherendoftheconnector,thenusecrimpingplierstosecuretheconnector.

(7)Findthewireyouranfromtherelaytothedash,andcrimpaspadeconnectortoit.Pushthewireontooneoftheswitchterminals.Fitaconnectorandleadawirefromtheotherterminaltoaconvenientboltorscrewwhichisearthed.

(8)Drillaholeinthedashandfittheswitchtoit,makingsureit’sstraight.

(9)Runawirefromtheremainingterminalontherelaytoapointwhichisliveallthetime,suchasatthesolenoid,thefuseboxoreventhebatteryterminal.Connectanin-linefuse-holderintothewireusingsuitablecrimpconnectors,andfitafuseofthespecifiedratingintothefuseholder.

Besuretofollowthesestepscarefullytoensurethatyourlightsareproperlywired.Andremember,too,toalwaysdisconnectthebatteryearthterminalbeforeyoustartworkonyourcarelectrics.Thatwayyouwillpreventashortcircuit.5.3PaintYourCaratHome

Havingacarwithnicepaintisboththebiggestrewardandthebiggesthassleincarcrafting.Themostdauntingchallengeforthefirst-timepainterisunderstandingthevariousstepsoftheprocess:prep,primer,blocking,andthefinalsprayjobanddetailing.Takenasawhole,itseemslikeaninsurmountablehurdle,buteachstepbyitselftakesnomorethanacoupleofdays.

Preparation

1.Stripacarofallitstrim,bumpers,mirrors,grille,andotheritemsthatneedtoberemoved.

2.Afterthoroughlycleaningthecarwithdetergentsfollowedbyawipe-downwithwaxandgreaseremover,theworkstartsbysandingdowntheoldpaintwithadual-action(DA)orbitalairsander.

Primer,Blocking

1.Aftergrindingtheweldandsomehammer-and-dollywork,theresultwasasolid,seamlessrepair.Thisareawillgetjustaverythincoatofplasticfillertogetthesurfaceperfect.

2.Thesmallrustareasexhibitsonlyminorpinholingthroughthesurface.Thesepinholedareaswillblowoutpaintorfillerinashorttime,sodon’tbetemptedtojustcoverthemupwithbodyfiller.

3.Acut-offwheelisusefulforgrindingbackanyexcessweldingbuildupatthetacks.Thethincuttingwheelcanbefocussedpreciselyontheweldbeadstoavoidunnecessarythinningofthesheetmetal.

4.Minorsurfaceflawsareeasilyfixedwithaskimoffiller.Applythefillersmoothlywithaplasticspreader.

5.Regularfillerhasafairlycoarsetexture,andissubjecttoleavingpinhole-sizebubbles.Thefinalstepofthefillingprocessistouseacrylicglazingcompoundtofillminorsurfaceflaws.6.Maskingisanimportantstepingettingaqualityjob.Weboughta1,000-footrollof3-foot-widemaskingpaperandenoughautobodymaskingtapetodothejobright.Theunderchassisisalsovulnerabletooverspray,andtheonlywaytoavoidamessbelowistobuildacurtainallthewayaroundtheundersideofthecar,tapingittothebacksideofvariouspanels.Agoodmaskingjobtakessixtoeighthours,andwillneedtoberedonebeforethefinalpaintisapplied.

Spray

1.Forthefirstprimercoat,weusedValsparepoxyprimer.Wecouldhaveusedothertypesofprimer,butepoxyprovidedthebestsealingandstability.

2.Sandingtheprimeriscriticaltoadistortion-freefinish.Coarsepaperquicklywhittlesdownthehighspotswithoutridingintothelowareas.

3.Oncethefinaldetailrepairswerecomplete,wesprayedonasecondcoatofprimer/sealer.Thisblendedandfilledthedetailrepairsaswellasthe220-gritsurfaceleftintheepoxyprimercoatbytheblockingprocess.Thesecondprimerlayerwillbesandedtoamuchfiner600-gritsurfaceforthebasecoatandclearcoat.

4.Thefinalpaintneedstocureforatleastafewdaysbeforeitisreadyforthefinalsandingandbuffingprocess,wrappinguptheproject.TechnicalWords

primer n. 底漆

blocking n. 补土

detailing. n. 细部设计，细小的装饰

patchwork n. 修补工作

repaints n. 重新喷漆

filler n. 填料，补土

pinhole-size adj. 针孔尺寸的

acrylic n. 丙烯酸的

glazing n. 釉面，光面

vulnerable adj. 易受攻击的

epoxy n. 环氧树脂

whittle v. 削

flaw n. 缺陷，瑕疵，裂缝

buffing n. 抛光

PhrasesandExpressions

dual-action(DA)orbitalairsander 双重轨道空气 喷沙器

weldbead 焊缝，焊道

NotesontheText

1．Aftergrindingtheweldandsomehammer-and-dollywork,theresultwasasolid,seamlessrepair.Thisareawillgetjustaverythincoatofplasticfillertogetthesurfaceperfect.在打磨焊缝和钣金整形后，应该形成一个毫无裂缝的车身。再罩上一层薄薄的树脂系油灰更使车身表面完美无暇。

2．Maskingisanimportantstepingettingaqualityjob.Weboughta1,000-footrollof3-foot-widemaskingpaperandenoughautobodymaskingtapetodothejobright.

遮蔽是一项很重要的工作。我们用1 000英尺长，3英尺宽的遮蔽纸和足够用于整车的遮蔽带来将遮蔽工作做好。

3．Thefinalpaintneedstocureforatleastafewdaysbeforeitisreadyforthefinalsandingandbuffingprocess,wrappinguptheproject.最后的喷漆涂层稍待几日后，使用极细研磨剂，研磨至亮丽，就大功告成了。Exercises

Ⅰ. AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.

1．Whatisthemostdauntingchallengeforthefirst-timepainter?

2．Howmanypaintstepsdoweneed?

3．Whatisthebesttoolforshapingfiller?

4．Howlongdoesagoodmaskingjobtake?

5．Whatisthefunctionofepoxy?

Ⅱ. TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

1． Itmaybetheoldestclichéinthetrade,butthere’snoescapingthetruththatthefinalresultofanypaintjobisonlyasgoodastheprepwork.

2．Trytoleaveuniformsandingmarksandasmoothedgethatfeathersintoadjacentareas.Regularfillerhasafairlycoarsetexture,andissubjecttoleavingpinhole-sizebubbles.

3．Theunderchassisisalsovulnerabletooverspray,andtheonlywaytoavoidamessbelowistobuildacurtainallthewayaroundtheundersideofthecar,tapingittothebacksideofvariouspanels.

4．Avitalstepinachievingatop-qualityfinishistoapplyathinhazeofacontrastingcolorovertheprimertoserveasaguidecoatwhilesanding.

5．Afterremaskingthecar,thesurfacemustbeimmaculatelycleanbeforeanycolorisapplied.Ⅲ. Pleaseselecttherightwordinthefollowingblockstocompletetheparagraph.Spraysandedfillcuretint

Oncethefinaldetailrepairswerecomplete,we_________onasecondcoatofprimer/sealer.Thisblendedand________thedetailrepairsaswellasthe220-gritsurfaceleftintheepoxyprimercoatbytheblockingprocess.Thesecondprimerlayerwillbe______toamuchfiner600-gritsurfaceforthebasecoatandclearcoat.WeusedValspar’sSupaSealpolyurethaneprimer/sealer.Afterit_______,theepoxyleavesamuchmorestablesurfacethansofterprimersurfaces.We______itwithsomebasecoatcolortoturnitfromlightgraytoareddishpinktoimprovecoverageofthebasecoatstage.ReadingMaterialCarPaints-Do’s&Don’t’s

Do－Alwaysusewetclothforwipingthecar,afterrinsingthepaintsurfacewithwaterfirst.

Don’t－Neverwipedustoffyourcarwithadryclothorduster.

Do－Waxyourcarafterit'sbeenwashed,toavoidsealinginthedirt.

Don’t－Donotwash,polishorwaxyourcarinthesunwhenthesunishot.Itcouldstreakorstainthepaintsurface.

Do－Forcarcoversusenaturalfabricsthatbreathe,likecotton.Makesurethecarcoverissecure.

Don’t－Neverusevinylorplasticcarcoversinhumidconditions.Theytrapmoistureandcouldcausefungus.

Do－Alwaysusesoft(normal)watertowashyourcar.

Don’t－Donotusehardwater(whichcontainsminerals).Itwillleaveafilmonpaintsurface.

Do－Usecarshampoosorpolishestowashyourcar.

Don’t－Neveruselaundrydetergentsorsimilarharshsoapstowashyourcar.Harshsoapswillremoveanyprotectivewaxplusthepaintsoil,whichwilldryoutthepaintandmakeitlookflat.

NOTE:Donotuseanypolishorwaxonthecar’spaintsurfacebeforecheckingyourowner’smanualregardingrecommendedtreatment.

Do－Foracrylicfinishes,usenon-abrasiveliquidpolishesspecificallydesignedforsuchfinishes.

Don’t－Neverusepolishingorrubbingcompoundsonpaintswithaclearacryliccoating,thecoatingwillbecomedull.

Do－Userubbingcompoundsonlywhenthepaintsurfaceisextremelyoxidized(chalky)anddoesnotshine,evenafterwaxhasbeenapplied.

Don’t－Abrasivecleanersareextremelydangerousandcaneasilyremovethepaint&primer,leavingbaremetal.

Do－Chooselightcolors,theyretaintheirbrillianceovertheyearsthandarkcolorsdo.

Don’t－Darkcolorsaremoresusceptibletooxidationfromthesun.

Do－Usecoveredparkingorshadewhereverpossible.

Don’t－Avoidparkingthecarinthesunforanextendedperiodoftime.Itwillcausethepainttoblister.

Do－Immediatelytouchuppaintblemisheswiththeappropriatecolorandtypeofautomotivepaint.Consultyourvehiclespecificationsheetforcorrectpaint.

Don’t－DonotletPaintchipsgounattended.Exposedmetalcouldbegintorustwhenexposedtowaterandsalt.

NOTE:Becarefulaboutusingsilicone-basedwax.Thewaxpenetratesalllayersofpaint.Painttouchupsaremoredifficultinthiscase.

Whatdoyoudotorestoretheglossofyourpaint?

WashanddryyourcarAlwaysusehighqualitypolishescontainingmildabrasives.Ifyourpainthasawhite,hazylook,toremovethetoplayerofdeadpaint,followtheinstructionsonthepolishbox.Userubbingcompoundonlyincaseofextremepaintoxidation.

Ifthepaintisdullandhasnoshine,applyachemicalcleanertogentlyremovethedeadpaintlayer.Waxyourcarimmediatelyafterpolishingorcleaningit,inordertoprotectthenewlyexposedpaintlayer.Thisslowstheprocessofoilevaporationfromthenewpaintlayerandmaintainstheshine.5.4BrakeProblems

Brakeproblems(SeeFig.5.4.1)varygreatlywiththemakeandmodelofacar,theageofthecarandothervariables.Belowaresomegeneraltypesoftrouble.Fig.5.4.1Brakeproblems①Stepoffthebrakes,withthecar’sengineturnedoff.Asoftormushybrakepedalindicatesthatbrakefluidmaybelow,ormayneedtobleedyourbrakes.Sometimesout-of-adjustmentbrakeshoescouldcausethis.②Ifitissafe,drivethecaratlowspeed,brakingasneeded.Thebrakepadsneedreplacing,orcleaning,iftheysqueal.③Inacleararea,stepsharplyonthebrakepedal.Ifthebrakesdonotstopthecareffectively,severalthingsmaybewrong,includingwornpads,contaminatedbrakefluidorcontaminatedbrakepads.④Ifthebrakespullthecartooneside,thismeansthatmorebrakingpressureisbeingappliedtoonesidethantheother,orinsufficienthydraulicpressureinonepartofthebrakesystem.⑤Begindrivingforwardslowly.Ifthebrakesbindordrag,itmaybeduetogreaseonthepadsorscoredrotors.⑥Bakepedalgoestofloorboard.Whenthishappens,itmeansthatthereisnopedalreserve,sincefullpedalmovementdoesnotprovideadequatebraking.Thiswouldbeaveryunlikelysituationwithadual-brakesystem.Onesectionmightfail(frontorrear)butitwouldberareforbothtofailatthesametime