新工科大学英语 课件 Unit 4 Toward a sustainable future

新工科大学英语CollegeEnglishfor

NewEngineeringTowardasustainablefuture4UnitAfterstudyingthisunit,youwillbeableto:describethedevastatingconsequencesoffailingtotackleclimatechange;discussthepotentialimpactsoflarge-scaleinfrastructureprojectsaimedataddressingclimatechange;bringrealismtosciencefiction;presentaproposalforalowcarbonproductthatcouldhelpshapeamoresustainablefuture.Learning

objectives新工科大学英语CollegeEnglishfor

NewEngineeringCONTENTSGettingonthestage新工科大学英语CollegeEnglishfor

NewEngineeringUnlockingthetopicViewingthroughthelensExploringthefrontierSettingthesceneClimatechangeisthreateningourplanetatanalarmingrate,causingextremeweather,risingsealevels,andreducedbiodiversity,allofwhichthreatenglobalecosystemsandeventheverysurvivalofhumanity.Governments,businesses,andindividualsworldwidemustactswiftlytotacklethisunprecedentedchallenge.Inthiseffort,innovationplaysacrucialrole.Recognizingthis,thelocalgovernmenthaslaunchedtheLow-carbonDesignCompetitiontoinspireinnovationandencouragecontributionsfromallsectors.Youandyourteam,aspartofaneco-techcompany,willdesignalow-carbonproductandrepresentyourcompanyinthecompetition.

ScanthecodeandcompletetheknowledgeactivationexerciseonUcampus.Step1

Recordyourdailyactivitiesthataffectyourcarbonfootprint.

7:00a.m.TurnonthelightsIsyourlifestylelow-carbon?Completetheexercisestoexplorehowtolivealow-carbonlife.AfternoonEveningMorning

ReferenceanswersSample1Forme,thebiggestcontributorstomycarbonfootprintaredefinitelydrivingmycarandeatingalotofmeat.DrivingreleasesasignificantamountofCO2becauseofthefossilfuelsburned,andmeatproductionhasahugeenvironmentalimpactduetomethaneemissionsandlanduse.IalsorealizethatIuseairconditioningquitefrequently,whichconsumesalotofelectricityandaddstomycarbonfootprint.It’sabitofaconundrumbecausewhileIwanttostaycomfortable,Iknowthat

ReferenceanswersrelyingonACisn’tgoodfortheenvironment.Theseactivitiescombinedmakeupthemajorityofmypersonalemissions,andnowI’mbecomingmoreawareofhoweverydaychoicesaffecttheplanet.Sample2Honestly,Ithinkmybiggestcarbonfootprintcomesfromonlinestreamingandusingmylaptopallday.Itmightsoundobscure,butdatacentersthatpowerstreamingservicesandcloudstorageconsumehugeamountsofelectricity,oftengeneratedfromfossilfuels.Besidesthat,Itendto

Referenceanswersorderfooddeliveryquitefrequently,whichaddstomyfootprintthroughpackagingwasteandtheemissionsfromtransportation.Theimpactoftheseactivitiesmightseemlessobviouscomparedtotraditionalpollutionsourceslikedrivingcarsorindustrialfactories,butwhencombined,theydefinitelyaddup.Ihadn’treallythoughtabouthowdigitalhabitsandconvenience-orientedlifestylechoicescontributetoenvironmentalproblemsuntilrecently.Step2

Workinpairs.Compareyourtimelinesanddiscussthequestions.1.Whichactivitiescontributethemosttoyourcarbonfootprint?2.Whatchangescanyoumaketoreduceyourcarbonfootprint?

ReferenceanswersViewingandsynthesizingSample1Toreducemycarbonfootprint,IthinkIcanstartbybikingorusingpublictransportationmoreofteninsteadofdrivingmycar.ThiswouldsignificantlycutdownonCO2emissions.Additionally,Iwanttocutdownonmeatconsumptionandtrymoreplant-basedmeals,whicharemuchlesscarbon-intensive.IknowchangingthesehabitsisaHerculeantaskbecausethey’redeeplyingrainedinmydailylife,butsmallstepslikeusingairconditioninglessoftencanalsohelp.Idon’twanttokeepkicking

ReferenceanswersViewingandsynthesizingthecandowntheroadandignoringtheseproblemsanymore–Iwanttotakeresponsibilityandmakerealchanges.Sample2Toreducemycarbonfootprint,Icouldstartbylimitingmyonlinestreamingtoonlywhenit’sreallynecessaryandtrydownloadingshowsormusicforofflineuseinstead.Thiswouldreducetheconstantdatademandonenergy-intensiveservers.Also,cookingathomemoreofteninsteadofrelyingonfooddeliverywouldhelpcutdownonpackagingwasteand

ReferenceanswersViewingandsynthesizingtransportationemissions.Balancingconveniencewithsustainabilitycreatessometensionbecauseit’seasytodefaulttohabitsthatsavetimeandeffort.However,Iwanttobemoreresponsibleandmakeconsciouschoices.It’stimetofacetheseissueshead-onratherthankickingthecandowntheroadandignoringtheirimpact.viral

a.

（在网络上或用手机）广为传播的obscure

a.

费解的sink

n.

汇wacky

a.

滑稽的conundrum

n.

难题tension

n.

矛盾Herculean

a.

艰巨的kickthecandowntheroad

逃避（或拖延）处理问题Wordbank

Whatdoyouknowaboutnetzero?Howcanweachieveit?Watchthevideoclipandcompletetheoutlinewithwhatyouhear.(Withsubtitles)(Withoutsubtitles)Theracetonetzero1.Understandingnetzero

Importance:Achievingnetzeroiscrucialformanaging1)_______________.Definition:Netzeroreferstobalancinggreenhousegasemissionsand2)_________________________.climatechangegreenhousegasremovals2.Methodsforachievingnetzero

Cuttingemissions,e.g.,reducinggreenhousegasesfromsourceslike3)_________________Takingemissionsoutoftheair:NegativeemissionsNaturalmethods:Forestsabsorbgreenhousegasesnaturallythrough4)__________________orsinks.burningfossilfuelsbiologicalprocessesMan-madeapproaches:Methodsalreadyusedatscale,e.g.,plantingnewforestsandimproving5)______tostoremorecarbonTechnologiesstillinearlystagesofdevelopment,e.g.,capturingCO2and6)______________________soilstoringitunderground3.Thechallengesofachievingnetzero

Theconundrumisthatweneedbothmassivereductionsinemissionsanda(n)7)_________________andprovingofthetechnologiesfornegativeemissions.4.Actionsneeded

Contributionsarerequiredfromeveryeconomy,government,andcitizen.Ashiftin8)_____________,notjusttechnology,isessentialforsuccess.dramaticscale-upourmindsets

Scripts(Theracetonetzero)Narrator=N;VijayVaitheeswaran=VN:Climatechangehasanewposterboy.Companieshavepromisedtomakechangestobringtheirgreenhousegasemissionsclosertonetzero.They’rejoiningaclubofmorethan50*countriesaroundtheworld.Thisracetozeroisavitalsteptowardsmanagingclimatechange.Butwhatdoesnetzeroreallymean?Andisachievingitevenpossible?Netzerohasgoneviral,butlikeallsimpleslogans,therealityofachievingitisfarmorecomplicated.HumansburningfossilfuelshasresultedinmoreCO2intheatmosphere,whichiswarmingtheplanet.

Scripts(Theracetonetzero)Tostopthewarming,thelevelofgreenhousegasesintheatmospherehastostoprising.Theobviouswaytodothatistostopemittingthem.Butthat’seasiersaidthandone.Forsomeindustries,suchasaviationandmanufacturing,eliminatingemissionsisreallyhard.Whatwas(is)neededwas(is)toactivelyremovegreenhousegasesfromtheatmosphere,too.Peoplebegan(begin)totalkaboutaworldinwhichgreenhousegasemissionsandgreenhousegasremovalsbalanced(balance)eachotherout,sothattheoveralleffectwas(is)netzero.V:Toachievenet-zeroemissions,weneedtodotwothings:

Scripts(Theracetonetzero)One,whichismoreobvious,istocutouroutputofgreenhousegasemissionsfromthingslikeburningfossilfuels.Buttheotherisactuallytotakeemissionsoutoftheair.Andthat’stheharderandsometimesmoreobscureaspectofgettingtonetzero.N:Thisisknownasnegativeemissions.V:There’s(Thereare)differentwaystodothis:Forestsdothisnaturallythroughbiologicalprocessesorsinks.Butwhatwe’rereallylookingatnowtoachieveambitiousclimatetargetsareman-madeapproaches.N:Somemethodsforremovinggreenhousegasesfromtheatmospherearealreadybeingusedatscale,suchastheplantingofnewforests,andimprovingsoilsoitcanstoremorecarbon.Buttherearenewtechnologiesatamuchearlierstageofdevelopment,amongthemwaysofcapturingCO2andstoringitunderground.CO2couldbepulleddirectlyfromtheairbymachines,orbygrowingplants,burningthemtogenerateelectricity,andthencapturingtheCO2astheyburn.V:There’saflurryofinnovationinnegativeemissionstechnologies–arangeofambitioustowacky,andnoneofthemareprovenatscale.

Scripts(Theracetonetzero)Andthat’swhatmakesthemsoproblematic.Theworldiscountingoninnovationsthathavenotyetbeendemonstratedatscaletoachievetargetsthatwe’resettingforourselves.Andthat’sabigquestionmark.We’rehopeful,butitisstillariskybet.N:Howmuchgreenhousegasneedstoberemovedfromtheatmospherewilldependonhowmuchemissionscanbecut.V:Theconundrum,thatis,weneedbothmassivereductionsinemissionsaswellasadramaticscale-upandprovingofthetechnologiesfornegativeemissions.

Scripts(Theracetonetzero)Thereisatensionbetweenthetwo,andit’seasyforgovernmentsandindustriestokickthecandowntheroad,saying“Well,let’sgoalittlesloweronthecuttingofemissionsnow,whichwillbebetterfortheeconomyorforourprofits,becausewecanalwaysmakemassivenegativeemissionsreductionslaterwheninnovationmakesthosetechnologiescheaperandbetter.”Thedirtylittlesecretinthatargumentisthatitmaycometoolate,anditmaywellgivepermissionforpolluterstogetawaywithpollutingmuchmorethanneedbe,ratherthaninnovatingwaystoreduceemissionsnow.

Scripts(Theracetonetzero)N:Today,governmentalnet-zeropledgescoverovertwo-thirdsoftheglobaleconomy.V:Somepeopleseeambitiousclimatetargetsandsay,“Fantastic!Theproblem’sgettingsolved.”Here’stheproblem:Atargetisnoguaranteethatwe’regonnagettothegoal.N:Mostgovernmentpoliciesfocusoncuttingemissionsratherthanhowtotacklenegativeemissions.V:Embracing,enacting,andscalinganegativeemissionsplantogetto

Scripts(Theracetonetzero)

Scripts(Theracetonetzero)netzeroisaHerculeantask.Thisissomethingfarbiggerthan,say,themoonshotorotherinitiativesthatit’softencomparedto,becausethisinvolves,reallyeveryeconomyonearth,everygovernment,ultimately,everycitizen.Allofushavetobeinvolvedandchangethewaywelive.Andit’snotjustatechnologicalrevolution.Weneedarevolutioninourmindsets.Workingroupsanddiscussthequestions.Whatnewtechnologiesarebeingdevelopedtoachievenetzero?Howfeasiblearetheyonaglobalscale?Researchandshareyourfindingswithyourgroupmembers.Howcannationsandindustriesbalanceeconomicgrowthwithadvancingnet-zeroemissions?Arethereanysuccessfulexamples?Multiplecutting-edgetechnologiesarebeingdevelopedtoachievenet-zeroemissions,includinggreenhydrogenproduction,advancedhydrogentransportsystems,smartgrids,andcarboncapturetechnologies.Theseinnovationsprovidetailoredsolutionsforemissionreductionacrossmultipleindustrialsectors.Amongthesetechnologies,threedemonstratevaryinglevelsoffeasibility.Greenhydrogenenableslow-carbonsteelproductionbyreplacingfossilfuelcombustion,thoughhighstart-upcostslimitwidespreadadoption.Carboncapture,use,andstoragetechnologiescancapturemorethan90%ofcarbondioxide(CO2)emissionsReferenceanswersReferenceanswersfrompowerplantsandindustrialfacilities,demonstratingcommercialviabilitywithmanyofsuchprojectsalreadyinoperationworldwide.Smartgridsoptimizerenewableenergydistributionandconsumption,offeringthemostviablesolution–withprovensuccessinreal-worldapplications.Overall,whilethesetechnologiesshowgreattechnicalpromise,globalimplementationrequiressubstantialpolicysupport,regulatoryframeworks,andcoordinatedinternationalinvestmenttoaddressfinancialandinfrastructurechallenges.ReferenceanswersNationsandindustriescanachieveeconomicgrowthwhileadvancingnet-zeroemissionsthroughgreeneconomyframeworksthatprioritizelow-carbondevelopment,resourceefficiency,andsocialinclusivity.Keypolicyinstrumentsincludecarbonpricingmechanisms,sustainableprocurementpractices,andgreenentrepreneurshipinitiativesthatstimulatecleantechnologyinnovationandpromotesustainableurbanplanning.Thisintegratedapproach,supportedbyinternationalcooperationthroughtechnologytransferandcapacity-buildingprograms,enablesallnationstoovercomefinancialandtechnologicalbarriers.Suchstrategiesdemonstratethatenvironmentalsustainabilityandeconomicgrowtharecomplementarypathwaystowardachievingnet-zeroobjectiveswhilemaintaininglong-termeconomicprosperity.Whilechallengesmayariseinimplementinggreenpolicies,successfulexamples,suchasGermany’sEnergiewende,CostaRica’srenewableenergyinitiatives,andNorway’selectricvehicleadoption,showthepracticalityandeffectivenessofthesestrategies.Thesecasesprovidevaluablelessonsforothernations,highlightingtheimportanceofaligningnationaleffortswithinternationalsustainabilitygoals.Referenceanswersv新工科大学英语CollegeEnglishfor

NewEngineeringExploringthefrontierReading

1Reading

2Whatwouldyoudoiftheplacewhereyoulivelostelectricityduringanextremeheatwave?TextexplorationPre-readingImagineaworldwheretemperatureskeeprisinguncontrollably.Howwoulddailylifechange?Basicnecessitieslikeelectricityandcleanwaterwouldbecomescarceluxuries.Outdoorworkwouldbenearlyimpossibleduringdaylighthours.Peoplemightsleepduringdaytimeandgetoutatnightastemperatureswouldbeabitmoretolerableaftersunset.ReferenceanswersMyfirstprioritywouldbetosecuredrinkingwaterandrelocatemyfamilytoacoolerplacenearawatersource.Ifpossible,wewouldgatheressentialsuppliesandseekshelterinundergroundspaceslikebasementsorcivildefensebunkerstoescapetheextremeheat.ReferenceanswersStructureanalysisDirections:ThispassagedepictsadeadlyheatwavethroughFrank’sstruggletosurviveastemperaturessoar,electricityfails,anddesperatemeasuresprovefutile.Completethetimelinebelowtotracehowthedisasterunfoldsfrompre-dawntothenextmorning.Paragraphnumbersareprovidedforreference.Pre-dawn[Paras.1-3]Frankwokeupandgotoffhis1)______,soakedinsweatduetothe2)__________________________________________heat.Sunrise[Para.4]Thesuncrackedtheeasternhorizonandblazedlikeanatomic3)___________.Thetemperaturewasalready38°Cwith55%4)__________.matfurnace-like/extreme/oppressive/unbearablebombhumidityDaytime[Paras.5-13]Someonewasnotwakingupfromthelong,hotnight.Thena5)____________________occurred.Thewholedistrictlost6)__________.Frankdecidedtostaytohelppeople.Hesuggestedgoingtothe7)________.Whenhewasthere,hewasunsurprisedtoseepeopleinitalready,neckdeep.brownout/blackoutpowerlakeAftersunset[Paras.14-15]Despitethewarmwater,everyonegotinthewater.Theycouldsitonthe8)____________partofthelakebottom,headsoutofwaterandtrytoendure.Peopleweredying.Frankshuthiseyesandtriednottolistentothe9)___________aroundhim.Nighttodawn[Para.16]Bydawn,Franknoticedhisfingertipswereall10)________.Hethendiscoveredthateveryonewasdead.voicesshallowestpruneyLifeinthesun’sgrip1

Thefailuretotackleclimatechangehadfinallybroughtdevastation.Itwasgettinghotter.Risingtemperaturesanddeadlyheatwaves

becamethenewnormal.Oncelivableplacesturnednearlyuninhabitable.ThiswasFrankMay’sreality.Everydaywasafightforsurvivalagainstanunforgiving,furnace-likeclimate.2Frankgotoffhismatandpaddedovertolookoutthewindow.Umberstucco

wallsandtiles,thecolorofthelocalclay.Squareapartmentblocksliketheonehewasin,rooftoppatiosoccupiedbyresidentswhohadmovedupthereinthenight,itbeingtoohottosleepinside.Skythecolorofthebuildings,mixedwithwhitewherethesunwouldsoonrise.Franktookadeepbreath.Itremindedhimoftheairinasauna.Thisthecoolestpartoftheday.Inhisentirelifehehadspentlessthanfiveminutesinsaunas;hedidn’tlikethesensation.Hotwater,maybe;hot,humidair,no.Hedidn’tseewhyanyonewouldseekoutsuchastifling,sweatyfeeling.Here,therewasnoescapingit.3Sweatwasdrippingintohiseyesandstinging.Hewaswet,wearingonlyapairofshorts,thosetoowerewet;therewerewetpatchesonhismatwherehehadtriedtosleep.Hewasthirstyandthejugbyhisbedsidewasempty.Allovertownthestressedhumofwindowboxairconditionerfansbuzzedlikegiantmosquitoes.4Andthenthesuncrackedtheeasternhorizon.Itblazedlikeanatomicbomb.Theheatcomingfromitwaspalpable,aslaptotheface.Solar

radiation

heatingtheskinofhisface,makinghimblink.Stingingeyesflowing,hecouldn’tseemuch.Everythingwastanandbeigeandabrilliant,unbearablewhite.Hecheckedhisphone:38°C.Humidityabout55%.Thecombinationwasthething.Afewyearsagoitwouldhavebeenamongthehottestwet-bulbtemperatures

everrecorded.NowjustaWednesdaymorning.5Wailsofdismaycutthroughtheairfromtherooftopacrossthestreet.Someonewasnotwakingupfromthelong,hotnight.Thenthesoundoftheairconditionerscutoff.Morecriesofdistress.Frank’sphonenolongershowedanybars.Electricitygone.Brownout,orblackout.6Generatorswerealreadyfiringup,loudtwo-strokeengines

poweredbygas,diesel,andkerosene.Theair,alreadybad,wouldsoonbeablanketofexhaust.Likebreathingfromtheexhaustpipeofanoldbus.7Frank’scolleaguescamepilinginthedoor.Allred-eyedandflustered.“Comeon,”theysaid,“wehavetogo.Weneedtogogethelp.Thewholedistricthaslostpower.”8“I’mnotleaving,”Frankreplied.“Gogethelp.I’llstayandtellpeopleyou’recoming.”9Frankputonawhiteshirtthatquicklysoakeduphissweatandwalkedoutintothestreet.Hesuppressedacough.Itwastoohottocough;suckingbackinairwaslikebreathinginafurnace.Peoplecameuptohimaskingforhelp.Hesaiditwouldbecomingsoon.Fornow,taketheoldonesandthelittleonesintoroomswithairconditioning.Theschoolswouldhaveairconditioning,thegovernmenthouse.Gotothoseplaces.Followthesoundofgenerators.10Buttherewasnowhere!11Thenitcametohim.“Gotothelake!Getinthewater!”Amanshookhishead.“Thatwaterisinthesun.It’sashotasabath.It’sworsethantheair.”12Curious,alarmed,feelinghimselfbreathinghard,Frankwalkeddownstreetstowardthelake.Peoplewereoutsidebuildings,round-eyedwithdistressandfear,red-eyedfromtheheatandexhaustsmoke,thedust.

Metalsurfacesinthesunburnedtothetouch,hecouldseewavesofheatbouncingoverthemlikeairoverabarbecue.Hewalkedintheshadeasmuchaspossible.13Hecametothelakeandwasunsurprisedtoseepeopleinitalready,neckdeep.Brownfacesflushedredwithheat.Hecrouchedandstuckhisarminuptotheelbow.Thewaterwasaswarmasabath,butconsiderablycoolerthantheair.Helookedatthepeopleinthelake.Onlyanarrowstretchofwaterwasstillinthemorningshadeofbuildingsandtrees,andthatstretchwouldbegonesoon.Umbrellas,though.Itwasanopenquestionhowmanyofthetownspeoplecouldfitinthelake.Notenough.14Andyetsometimeaftersunset,theyallgotinthewater.Itjustfeltbetter.Theirbodiestoldthemtodoit.Theycouldsitontheshallowestpartofthelakebottom,headsoutofwater,andtrytoendure.15Peopleweredying.Somemurmuredwhatshouldhavebeenscreamsofgrief.Frankshuthiseyesandtriednottolistentothevoicesaroundhim.Hewasfullyimmersedintheshallows,andcouldresthisheadbackagainsttheconcreteedgeofthewalkwayandthemudjustunderit.16ManyyearspassedforFrankthatnight.Whentheskylightened,atfirsttoagraythatlookedlikeclouds,butthenwasrevealedtobeonlyaclearandemptysky,hestirred.Hisfingertipswereallpruney.Itwashardtoraisehisheadevenaninch.Possiblyhewoulddrownhere.Thethoughtcausedhimtoexerthimself.Hedughiselbowsin,raisinghimselfup.Hesatup.Theairwasstillhotterthanthewater.Hewatchedsunlightstrikethetopsofthetreesontheothersideofthelake;itlookedliketheywereburstingintoflame.

Balancinghisheadcarefullyonhisspine,hesurveyedthescene.Everyonewasdead.Aheatwaveisaperiodofabnormallyhotweathergenerallylastingmorethantwodays.Heatwavescanoccurwithorwithouthighhumidity.

Astheearth’sclimatewarms,hotter-than-usualdaysandnightsarebecomingmorecommon,andheatwavesareexpectedtolastlongerandbecomemorefrequentandintense.High-intensityheatwaveeventsbringhighacutemortality.Between2000and2016,thenumberofpeopleexposedtoheatwavesincreasedbyaround125

million.

BackgroundinformationHeat-relatedmortalityforpeopleover65yearsofageincreasedbyapproximately85%between2000-2004and2017-2021.Between2000-2019,approximately489,000heat-relateddeathsoccurredannually.InEuropealone,inthesummerof2022,anestimated61,672heat-relatedexcessdeathsoccurred.Heatwavesnotonlyposeseriousriskstohumanhealthbutalsogreatlyaffectecosystems,disruptagriculturalproductivity,andstraininfrastructuresystems.Actiononclimatechange,alongwithcomprehensivepreparednessandriskmanagement,isessentialtocombatheatwaves.heatwave

n.[C]aperiodofunusuallyhotweather

热浪；酷热期Everydaywasafightforsurvivalagainstanunforgiving,furnace-likeclimate.[Meaning]:Peoplehadtostruggleeverydayjusttostayalivebecausetheweatherwasextremelyhotandharsh,asifoneweretrappedinsideaburningfurnace.Thefailuretotackleclimatechangehadfinallybroughtdevastation.[Meaning]:Failingtocombatclimatechangehadfinallydevastatedtheplanet.[Structure&Grammar]:Thesubjectofthissentenceisthenounphrase“thefailuretotackleclimatechange”andtheobject“devastation”representstheconsequenceofthatfailure.Theverb“brought”impliesaninevitableoutcome.Thefollowingsentencessharethesamestructure.1)Thegovernment’snegligencebroughtwidespreadprotestsacrossthecountry.2)Thesuddencollapseofthecryptocurrency(加密货币)market

broughtturmoil.stucco

n.[U]atypeofplasterthatisusedesp.tocovertheoutsidewallsofbuildings

（尤用于涂抹外墙的）灰泥Umberstuccowallsandtiles,thecolorofthelocalclay.

[Meaning]:Thewallsandtilesweremadeofstuccoandhadanumbercolor–adarkbrownishearthtone–thatmatchedthecolorofthenaturalclayfoundinthelocalarea.[Structure&Grammar]:Thissentenceisareduceddescriptivestructure,madeupoftwoparts:1)Anounphrase:Umberstuccowallsandtiles–thisisthemainsubjectofthesentencewiththeverbomitted.2)Anappositivephrase:thecolorofthelocalclay–thisfunctionsasanappositive,providingadditionalinformationaboutthenounphrase,specificallyclarifyingthecolor.Initscompleteform,thesentencecouldbewrittenas“Therewereumberstuccowallsandtiles,whichwerethecolorofthelocalclay.”Thiskindofreduceddescriptivestructurerecursthroughoutthepassage,contributingtoitspoeticrhythmandunifiedtone.e.g.Skythecolorofthebuildings,mixedwithwhitewherethesunwouldsoonrise.patios[Multimodalnotes]Whatisthedifferencebetweenapatioandabalcony?Apatioisusuallymadeofstoneorbrickandisinstalledatgroundlevel.

Abalconyisanelevatedstructurethatisattachedtoabuildingonthesecondstoryorhigher.Patioscanbeadjacenttoahomeoratotallyseparateareaintheyard,andtheycanvaryinsize,shape,andpurpose.Differenttypesofpatiosincludeconcretepatios,tilepatios,flagstonepatios,wooddeckpatiosandsoon.concretepatiotilepatioflagstonepatiowooddeckpatioAllovertownthestressedhumofwindowboxairconditionerfansbuzzedlikegiantmosquitoes.

[Meaning]:Throughoutthetown,thestrainedandcontinuoushummingofwindow-mountedairconditionerfansechoed,soundingmuchlikethebuzzingofhugemosquitoes.[Note]Thesentenceemploystwoonomatopoeicwords,“hum”and“buzzed,”alongwithasimilethatcomparesthesoundofairconditionerfansto“giantmosquitoesbuzzing.”Itnotonlyvividlydescribesthenoiseoftheairconditionerfansbutalsoconveystheirritatingandoppressivenatureofthesound.radiation

n.[U]energyintheformofheatorlightthatissentoutaswavesthatyoucannotsee（热能或光能的）辐射aformofenergythatcomesesp.fromnuclearreactions,whichinlargeamountsisveryharmfultolivingthings辐射；（尤指）核辐射wet-bulbtemperature(WBT)

n.[C,U]thelowesttemperaturetowhichapersonoranobjectcanbecooledsolelybytheevaporationofwater,givenaconstantbarometricpressure

湿球温度[Multimodalnotes]Dry-bulbtemperature,oftenreferredtoasjust“airtemperature”,is

thetemperatureofairmeasuredbyathermometerthatisnotaffectedbymoisture.

Itrepresentsthetruethermodynamictemperatureoftheairandiswhatmostpeoplethinkofasthetemperature.

Wet-bulbtemperature,ontheotherhand,ismeasuredbyathermometerwithitsbulbwrappedinawetcloth.Itislowerthandry-bulbtemperatureduetothecoolingeffectofevaporation.

Thewet-bulbtemperatureiscrucialforunderstandinghowthebodycoolsitselfandforassessingheatstress.Theheatcomingfromitwaspalpable,aslaptotheface.[Meaning]:Theheatwassostrongthatyoucouldactuallyfeeltheheathittingyourface.[Structure&Grammar]:Theno