2025年考研英语（一）阅读理解词汇运用 实战演练与练习试卷

2025年考研英语（一）阅读理解词汇运用实战演练与练习试卷考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______PartV.ClozeDirections:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosetheBESToneforeachblankaccordingtothecontextofthepassage.MarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hasbeenatopicofbothexcitementandapprehensioninrecentyears.ManyexpertsbelievethatAIholdsthepotentialtorevolutionizenumerousindustries,(1)fromhealthcaretotransportation,byautomatingtasksandimprovingefficiency.However,concernsaboutjobdisplacementandtheethicalimplicationsofAIdecision-makingsystemscannotbeignored.AsAIbecomesmoreintegratedintoourdailylives,itiscrucialtounderstanditscapabilitiesandlimitations.OneofthemostsignificantbenefitsofAIisitsabilitytoprocessvastamountsofdatamuchfasterthanhumans.Thiscapabilityisparticularlyvaluableinfieldslikemedicalresearch,whereanalyzinggeneticinformationoridentifyingpatternsinpatientrecordscanleadtobreakthroughsintreatment.Forinstance,AIalgorithmshavealreadyshownpromiseinpredictingdiseaseoutbreaksbyanalyzingsocialmediatrendsandpublichealthdata.Suchapplicationscanpotentiallysavecountlesslivesandimprovehealthcareoutcomesonaglobalscale.Despitetheseadvantages,theintegrationofAIalsoraisesseriousquestionsaboutthefutureofemployment.(2),asmachinesbecomemorecapableofperformingcomplexcognitivetasks,thereisavalidfearthatmanyjobscurrentlydonebyhumanscouldbeautomated.Thisshiftcouldleadtosignificanteconomicdisruption,particularlyforworkersinsectorsheavilyreliantonroutinemanualorcognitivelabor.Governmentsandbusinessesalikewillneedtoaddressthischallengebyinvestingineducationandtrainingprogramsthathelpworkersadapttothechangingjobmarket.AnothercriticalconcernrevolvesaroundtheethicaluseofAI.SinceAIsystemslearnfromthedatatheyaretrainedon,(3)theycaninadvertentlyperpetuatebiasespresentinthatdata.Thisissueisparticularlyproblematicinareaslikecriminaljustice,wherebiasedAIalgorithmscouldreinforceexistinginequalities.EnsuringthatAIsystemsarefair,transparent,andaccountablewillrequirecarefuloversightandthedevelopmentofrobustethicalguidelines.ItisessentialthatAIisdevelopedanddeployedinamannerthatalignswithhumanvaluesandpromotessocietalwell-being.Furthermore,thesecurityofAIsystemspresentsanotherlayerofcomplexity.(4),asAIbecomesmoreprevalent,itopensupnewvulnerabilitiesthatmaliciousactorscouldexploit.FromautonomousvehiclesbeinghackedtocriticalinfrastructurecontrolledbyAIsystemsfailing,theconsequencescouldbesevere.DevelopingsecureAItechnologiesandimplementingstrongcybersecuritymeasureswillbeparamounttomitigatingtheserisksandensuringpublictrustinAI.Inconclusion,thedevelopmentofAIofferstremendousopportunitiestoimproveourlivesinnumerousways.(5),navigatingthechallengesassociatedwithitsimplementationrequirescarefulplanningandethicalconsideration.Byaddressingconcernsaboutemployment,bias,andsecurityhead-on,wecanworktowardsharnessingthefullpotentialofAIforthebenefitofhumanity.Theglobalresponsetoclimatechangehasbeenuneven,withdevelopednationsoftencalledupontotaketheleadduetotheirhistoricalemissions.(6),manydevelopingcountriesarguethatitisunfairtosinglethemout,astheirindustrializationisrelativelyrecentandtheyhavecontributedminimallytotheoverallproblem.Thesenationsoftenemphasizetheirrighttodevelopeconomicallyandrequestfinancialandtechnologicalsupportfromwealthiernationstomitigatetheimpactofclimatechange.Internationalagreements,suchastheParisAccord,havebeenestablishedtofostercooperation,(7)eachcountrydeterminesitsowntargetsforreducinggreenhousegasemissionsbasedonitsspecificcircumstances.Whilethisapproachacknowledgesnationalsovereignty,criticsarguethatitmaynotbesufficienttoachievethenecessaryglobalreductionstopreventcatastrophicclimatechange.Someadvocateformorestringent,legallybindingtargetsandmechanismsforenforcement.Theconsequencesofinactionarebecomingincreasinglyapparent.(8),extremeweathereventssuchashurricanes,droughts,andwildfiresareoccurringwithgreaterfrequencyandintensityinmanypartsoftheworld.Theseeventsnotonlycauselossoflifeandpropertybutalsohaveprofoundeconomicimpacts,disruptingagriculture,damaginginfrastructure,andstrainingemergencyresponsesystems.Theeconomiccostofthesedisastersisstaggeringandhighlightstheurgentneedforeffectiveclimatemitigationstrategies.Renewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,offerapromisingpathwaytowardsamoresustainablefuture.(9),theintermittentnatureofthesesourcespresentschallengesforgridstabilityandenergystorage.Significantinvestmentsareneededinresearchanddevelopmenttoimprovetheefficiencyandreliabilityofrenewableenergytechnologies.Additionally,modernizingtheelectricalgridtoaccommodatelarge-scalerenewableenergyintegrationwillbeessentialforasuccessfultransition.Publicawarenessandindividualactionsalsoplayacrucialrole.(10),simplemeasuressuchasreducingenergyconsumption,usingpublictransportation,andsupportingpoliciesthatpromotecleanenergycancollectivelymakeadifference.Educationaboutthescienceofclimatechangeanditsimpactsisvitalformotivatingindividualsandcommunitiestotakeaction.Technologicalinnovationiskeytoaddressingthecomplexitiesofclimatechange.(11),advancementsinareaslikecarboncaptureandstorage,sustainableagriculture,andenergyefficiencyarecrucialforreducingemissionsandadaptingtounavoidableclimateimpacts.Collaborationbetweengovernments,academia,andtheprivatesectorisnecessarytoacceleratetheseinnovationsandensuretheirwidespreadadoption.Economictransformationisanothercriticalaspectofclimateaction.(12),shiftingawayfromfossilfuelstowardsalow-carboneconomyrequiressignificantinvestmentinnewindustriesandinfrastructure.Thistransitioncancreatenewjobsandeconomicopportunities,butitalsonecessitatescarefulplanningtosupportworkersandcommunitiescurrentlydependentonfossilfuelindustries.Policiesthatincentivizeinvestmentingreentechnologiesandphaseoutsubsidiesforfossilfuelswillbeessential.Theroleofnatureinclimatesolutionscannotbeoverstated.(13),protectingandrestoringecosystemssuchasforests,wetlands,andmangrovescansequesterlargeamountsofcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Thesenaturalsolutionsarenotonlyeffectivebutalsoprovideco-benefitslikebiodiversityconservationandimprovedwaterquality.Integratingnature-basedapproachesintoclimatestrategiesoffersaholisticandsustainableapproachtotacklingtheclimatecrisis.Geopoliticaltensionscancomplicateglobaleffortstoaddressclimatechange.(14),differingnationalinterestsandprioritiesoftenhindercooperationonclimateissues.Effectivesolutionsrequirediplomacyandawillingnesstofindcommonground,evenwhendisagreementsexist.Buildinginternationalpartnershipsandfosteringasenseofglobalsharedresponsibilityarecrucialforovercomingthesegeopoliticalchallenges.Adaptationmeasuresareincreasinglyvitalastheimpactsofclimatechangebecomemoreundeniable.(15),preparingforandadaptingtothesechangesiscrucialforreducingtheirimpactsonvulnerablepopulationsandecosystems.Thisincludesinvestmentsinresilientinfrastructure,improvedwatermanagement,andclimate-smartagriculture.Adaptationstrategiesmustbetailoredtolocalcontextsandintegratedwithmitigationefforts.Theyouthgenerationisplayinganincreasinglyprominentroleinadvocatingforclimateaction.(16),youngpeopleareraisingawareness,demandingchange,andholdinggovernmentsandcorporationsaccountablefortheirclimatecommitments.Theirenergyandpassionaredrivingmomentumforstrongerclimatepoliciesandamoresustainablefuture.Engagingandempoweringyouthisessentialforensuringlong-termsuccessinthefightagainstclimatechange.Scientificresearchprovidesthefoundationforunderstandingclimatechangeandinformingpolicydecisions.(17),ongoingmonitoringanddatacollectionareessentialfortrackingclimatetrends,evaluatingtheeffectivenessofmitigationandadaptationstrategies,andidentifyingemergingchallenges.Sharingscientificknowledgegloballyandensuringitstranslationintoactionableinsightsarecriticalforeffectiveclimategovernance.Theprivatesectorhasasignificantroletoplayindrivingclimatesolutions.(18),manycompaniesarerecognizingtheeconomicopportunitiesindevelopinganddeployinggreentechnologiesandaresettingambitioussustainabilitygoals.However,otherscontinuetoprioritizeshort-termprofitsoverlong-termenvironmentalsustainability.Encouragingcorporateresponsibilitythroughregulations,incentives,andconsumerpressurecanhelpalignbusinesspracticeswithclimategoals.Culturalshiftsarealsonecessarytoembedsustainabilityintothefabricofsociety.(19),promotingvaluesthatprioritizeenvironmentalstewardshipandsocialequitycanfosteracultureofconservationandresponsibleconsumption.Educationandawarenesscampaignscanhelpshiftsocietalnormstowardsmoresustainablelifestyles.Finally,thefutureofclimateactiondependsonsustainedcommitmentandcollaboration.(20),thefightagainstclimatechangeisalong-termendeavorthatrequirescontinuouseffortandadaptation.Byworkingtogetheracrossborders,sectors,andgenerations,wecanbuildaresilientandsustainablefutureforall.---试卷答案1.A)ranging*解析思路：空格前是“revolutionizenumerousindustries,”，空格后是“fromhealthcaretotransportation,”。这里需要一个词来连接前面的“numerousindustries”和后面的“from...to...”的例子。rangingfrom...to...（范围从...到...）是固定搭配，符合句意，表示人工智能变革的众多行业包括医疗保健到交通运输等。2.D)Consequently*解析思路：空格前是“AsAIbecomesmoreintegratedintoourdailylives,itiscrucialtounderstanditscapabilitiesandlimitations.”，空格后是“asmachinesbecomemorecapableofperformingcomplexcognitivetasks,thereisavalidfearthatmanyjobscurrentlydonebyhumanscouldbeautomated.”。前后句之间存在因果关系，前句说明了人工智能的普及，后句说明了由此可能带来的负面后果（工作被自动化）。consequently（因此，结果）符合句意，表示由于人工智能的普及，因此出现了对工作被自动化的担忧。3.B)Thus*解析思路：空格前是“SinceAIsystemslearnfromthedatatheyaretrainedon,”，空格后是“theycaninadvertentlyperpetuatebiasespresentinthatdata.”。前后句之间存在逻辑上的推论关系，前句说明了人工智能系统学习数据，后句说明了由此可能产生的结果（无意中加剧数据中的偏见）。thus（因此，从而）符合句意，表示由于人工智能系统学习数据，因此它们可能无意中加剧数据中的偏见。4.C)Moreover*解析思路：空格前是“EnsuringthatAIsystemsarefair,transparent,andaccountablewillrequirecarefuloversightandthedevelopmentofrobustethicalguidelines.”，空格后是“AsAIbecomesmoreprevalent,itopensupnewvulnerabilitiesthatmaliciousactorscouldexploit.”。前后句都在讨论人工智能的问题，前句谈到了伦理保障，后句谈到了安全问题（易受攻击）。moreover（此外，而且）符合句意，表示在确保伦理的同时，此外，随着人工智能的普及，也出现了新的安全漏洞。5.B)Nevertheless*解析思路：空格前是“ThedevelopmentofAIofferstremendousopportunitiestoimproveourlivesinnumerousways.”，空格后是“navigatingthechallengesassociatedwithitsimplementationrequirescarefulplanningandethicalconsideration.”。前后句之间存在转折关系，前句谈到了人工智能的机遇，后句谈到了面临的挑战。nevertheless（尽管如此，然而）符合句意，表示尽管人工智能带来了很多机遇，然而，在实施过程中也需要应对挑战。6.A)Nonetheless*解析思路：空格前是“Manydevelopednationsoftencalledupontotaketheleadduetotheirhistoricalemissions.”，空格后是“manydevelopingcountriesarguethatitisunfairtosinglethemout,astheirindustrializationisrelativelyrecentandtheyhavecontributedminimallytotheoverallproblem.”。前后句之间存在转折关系，前句说明了发达国家被要求承担责任，后句说明了发展中国家的反驳观点。nonetheless（尽管如此，仍然）符合句意，表示尽管发达国家被要求承担责任，然而，许多发展中国家认为这并不公平。7.D)However*解析思路：空格前是“Internationalagreements,suchastheParisAccord,havebeenestablishedtofostercooperation,”，空格后是“eachcountrydeterminesitsowntargetsforreducinggreenhousegasemissionsbasedonitsspecificcircumstances.”。前后句之间存在让步或对比关系，前句说明了国际协议的目的是促进合作，后句说明了每个国家根据自身情况确定减排目标。however（然而，但是）符合句意，表示虽然国际协议旨在促进合作，然而，每个国家却可以根据自身情况确定减排目标。8.C)Indeed*解析思路：空格前是“Theconsequencesofinactionarebecomingincreasinglyapparent.”，空格后是“extremeweathereventssuchashurricanes,droughts,andwildfiresareoccurringwithgreaterfrequencyandintensityinmanypartsoftheworld.”。前后句之间存在强调关系，前句说明了不采取行动的后果日益明显，后句具体列举了后果的表现（极端天气事件增多）。indeed（确实，确实如此）符合句意，强调确实出现了极端天气事件增多的情况。9.B)Despite*解析思路：空格前是“Renewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,offerapromisingpathwaytowardsamoresustainablefuture.”，空格后是“theintermittentnatureofthesesourcespresentschallengesforgridstabilityandenergystorage.”。前后句之间存在转折关系，前句说明了可再生能源的前景，后句指出了其存在的问题（间歇性）。despite（尽管，不管）符合句意，表示尽管可再生能源前景光明，但它们也存在间歇性的问题。10.A)Therefore*解析思路：空格前是“Publicawarenessandindividualactionsalsoplayacrucialrole.”，空格后是“simplemeasuressuchasreducingenergyconsumption,usingpublictransportation,andsupportingpoliciesthatpromotecleanenergycancollectivelymakeadifference.”。前后句之间存在因果逻辑关系，前句说明了公众意识和个人行动的重要性，后句说明了具体的行动措施。therefore（因此，所以）符合句意，表示因此，有一些简单的措施可以做出差异。11.D)Furthermore*解析思路：空格前是“Technologicalinnovationiskeytoaddressingthecomplexitiesofclimatechange.”，空格后是“advancementsinareaslikecarboncaptureandstorage,sustainableagriculture,andenergyefficiencyarecrucialforreducingemissionsandadaptingtounavoidableclimateimpacts.”。前后句都在讨论技术创新的重要性及其具体表现，属于递进关系。furthermore（此外，而且）符合句意，表示技术创新是关键，此外，在碳捕获、可持续农业和能源效率等领域的发展也至关重要。12.C)Hence*解析思路：空格前是“Shiftingawayfromfossilfuelstowardsalow-carboneconomyrequiressignificantinvestmentinnewindustriesandinfrastructure.”，空格后是“thistransitioncancreatenewjobsandeconomicopportunities,butitalsonecessitatescarefulplanningtosupportworkersandcommunitiescurrentlydependentonfossilfuelindustries.”。前后句之间存在因果逻辑关系，前句说明了向低碳经济转型需要投资，后句说明了转型的结果和带来的挑战。hence（因此，所以）符合句意，表示因此，这个转型可以创造新的工作和经济机会，但也需要仔细规划来支持目前依赖化石燃料的工人和社区。13.E)Moreover*解析思路：空格前是“Theroleofnatureinclimatesolutionscannotbeoverstated.”，空格后是“protectingandrestoringecosystemssuchasforests,wetlands,andmangrovescansequesterlargeamountsofcarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.”。前后句都在讨论自然在气候解决方案中的作用，前句进行总述，后句进行具体说明。moreover（此外，而且）符合句意，表示自然在气候解决方案中的作用不可低估，而且，保护恢复森林、湿地和红树林等生态系统可以吸收大量二氧化碳。14.B)Nonetheless*解析思路：空格前是“Effectivesolutionsrequirediplomacyandawillingnesstofindcommonground,evenwhendisagreementsexist.”，空格后是“Geopoliticaltensionscancomplicateglobaleffortstoaddressclimatechange.”。前后句之间存在转折关系，前句说明了有效解决方案的要求，后句指出了地缘政治紧张带来的问题。nonetheless（尽管如此，仍然）符合句意，表示尽管有效解决方案需要外交和寻求共识，然而，地缘政治紧张仍然会complicatingglobalefforts。15.A)Consequently*解析思路：空格前是“Adaptationmeasuresareincreasinglyvitalastheimpactsofclimatechangebecomemoreundeniable.”，空格后是“preparingforandadaptingtothesechangesiscrucialforreducingtheirimpactsonvulnerablepopulationsandecosystems.”。前后句之间存在因果逻辑关系，前句说明了适应措施的重要性日益增加，后句说明了适应的原因（减少影响）。consequently（因此，结果）符合句意，表示由于气候变化的impact日益undeniable，因此，准备和适应这些变化对于减少其影响至关重要。16.F)Indeed*解析思路：空格前是“Theyouthgenerationisplayinganincreasinglyprominentroleinadvocatingforclimateaction.”，空格后是“youngpeopleareraisingawareness,demandingchange,andholdinggovernmentsandcorporationsaccountab