2025年考研英语（一）阅读理解词汇记忆技巧训练试卷 夯实基础

2025年考研英语（一）阅读理解词汇记忆技巧训练试卷夯实基础考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______第一部分词汇选择从下列选项中，选择与文中划线词汇意思最相近的一项。1.Thecompany'sprofitshavedecreasedsignificantlyoverthepastyear.a.increasedb.stabilizedc.fluctuatedd.diminished2.Despitenumerousattempts,theresearchershavenotyetsucceededinisolatingthecompound.a.failuresb.delaysc.observationsd.experiments3.Thenovelpresentsacomplexwebofrelationshipsamongitscharacters.a.simpleb.straightforwardc.intricated.superficial4.Itisgenerallyrecommendedthatstudentsstudyregularlyforexams.a.discouragedb.prohibitedc.optionald.advised5.Theoldbuildingsufferedsignificantdamageintheearthquake.a.repairb.maintenancec.deteriorationd.improvement6.Heraptitudeforlanguagesmadeheranaturalcandidateforthetranslationjob.a.difficultyb.proficiencyc.disliked.hesitation7.Thegovernmentimplementedaseriesofstringentmeasurestocontrolinflation.a.lenientb.strictc.temporaryd.ineffective8.Thespeaker'sarticulatedeliverymadeiteasyfortheaudiencetofollowhisarguments.a.unclearb.hesitantc.well-spokend.confusing9.Theubiquitouspresenceofsmartphoneshaschangedthewaywecommunicate.a.rareb.infrequentc.widespreadd.localized10.Theathlete'spersistenceintraining,evenduringinjuries,ultimatelyledtohissuccess.a.reluctanceb.inconsistencyc.perseveranced.boredom第二部分词汇填空根据上下文，选择合适的词汇填空。1.Thediscoveryofpenicillinwasa______momentinthehistoryofmedicine,fundamentallychangingthewaydiseasesweretreated.2.Climatechangeisconsideredoneofthemost______challengesfacinghumanitytoday,withpotentialconsequencesforecosystemsandhumansocietiesworldwide.3.Shepossessesaremarkable______formusic,evidentinherabilitytocomposeintricatemelodiesandharmoniesfromayoungage.4.The______oftheinternethasrevolutionizedaccesstoinformation,allowingpeopletoconnectandshareknowledgeonaglobalscale.5.Despitefacingnumerous______,theteamremaineddeterminedandultimatelyachievedtheirgoal.6.Thenovelexploresthe______humancondition,delvingintothemesoflove,loss,andthesearchformeaning.7.Itiscrucialforstudentstodevelopgoodstudyhabits,astheycansignificantly______theiracademicperformanceandfuturesuccess.8.The______ofthenewpolicygeneratedalotofdebateamongthepublic,withsomepraisingitspotentialbenefitsandothersexpressingconcernsaboutitsimplications.9.Theoldbuildinghasbeen______fordecades,retainingitsoriginalarchitectureandcharmdespitethepassageoftime.10.His______todetailwasevidentinhismeticulouslypreparedpresentation,whichincludedcomprehensivedataanddetailedexplanations.第三部分阅读理解阅读以下文章，回答问题。Theproliferationofartificialintelligence(AI)technologieshassparkedaglobalconversationabouttheirpotentialbenefitsandethicalimplications.ProponentsarguethatAIcanautomaterepetitivetasks,enhanceproductivity,andevenassistinsolvingcomplexproblems,ultimatelyleadingtoeconomicgrowthandimprovedqualityoflife.Forinstance,AI-poweredmedicaldiagnostictoolscananalyzemedicalimageswithgreateraccuracythanhumanradiologists,potentiallyleadingtoearlierdetectionofdiseasesandbetterpatientoutcomes.Similarly,AI-driventrafficmanagementsystemscanoptimizetrafficflow,reducingcongestionandimprovingtransportationefficiency.However,criticsraiseconcernsaboutthepotentialnegativeconsequencesofwidespreadAIadoption.Onemajorconcernisthedisplacementofhumanworkers,asAIsystemsincreasinglyautomatejobstraditionallyperformedbyhumans.Thiscouldleadtounemploymentandeconomicinequality,particularlyforworkersinlow-skilledjobs.AnotherconcernisthepotentialforAItobeusedformaliciouspurposes,suchasautonomousweaponsorsurveillancesystemsthatinfringeonindividualprivacy.Additionally,thereareconcernsaboutthelackoftransparencyandexplainabilityinsomeAIalgorithms,whichcouldleadtobiaseddecision-makingandalackofaccountability.AsAItechnologiescontinuetoevolve,itisessentialforsocietytoengageinathoughtfulandongoingdialogueabouttheirdevelopmentanduse.ThisincludesestablishingethicalguidelinesforAIdevelopment,promotingtransparencyandaccountabilityinAIsystems,andinvestingineducationandtrainingprogramstohelpworkersadapttothechangingjobmarket.OnlythroughacollaborativeeffortcanweensurethatAIisdevelopedandusedinawaythatbenefitshumanityasawhole.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomepotentialbenefitsofAI?3.WhataresomeconcernsraisedbycriticsaboutAI?4.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestisneededtoaddresstheethicalimplicationsofAI?5.Theword"proliferation"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:6.Theword"infringe"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:7.Theword"collaborative"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapotentialbenefitofAIinthepassage?9.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonewaythatAIcouldpotentiallyimprovehealthcare?10.ThepassagesuggeststhatsocietyshouldbeconcernedaboutthepotentialmisuseofAIbecauseitcouldleadto:试卷答案第一部分词汇选择1.d解析思路：划线词汇“decreased”意为“减少”，选项中“diminished”意为“减少，减少”，与划线词汇意思最相近。2.a解析思路：划线词汇“attempts”意为“尝试”，选项中“failures”意为“失败”，与划线词汇意思最相近，表示尝试失败。3.c解析思路：划线词汇“complex”意为“复杂的”，选项中“intricate”意为“复杂的，错综复杂的”，与划线词汇意思最相近。4.d解析思路：划线词汇“recommended”意为“建议”，选项中“advised”意为“建议，劝告”，与划线词汇意思最相近。5.c解析思路：划线词汇“damage”意为“损害”，选项中“deterioration”意为“恶化，损害”，与划线词汇意思最相近。6.b解析思路：划线词汇“aptitude”意为“才能，天资”，选项中“proficiency”意为“熟练，精通”，与划线词汇意思最相近，表示在语言方面有才能。7.b解析思路：划线词汇“stringent”意为“严格的”，选项中“strict”意为“严格的”，与划线词汇意思最相近。8.c解析思路：划线词汇“articulate”意为“清晰的，善于表达的”，选项中“well-spoken”意为“说话清晰的”，与划线词汇意思最相近。9.c解析思路：划线词汇“ubiquitous”意为“无处不在的”，选项中“widespread”意为“广泛的，普遍的”，与划线词汇意思最相近。10.c解析思路：划线词汇“persistence”意为“坚持”，选项中“perseverance”意为“坚持，毅力”，与划线词汇意思最相近。第二部分词汇填空1.pivotal解析思路：根据句意，“penicillin的发现是医学史上的一个______时刻”，pivotal意为“关键的，重要的”，符合语境。2.formidable解析思路：根据句意，“气候变化被认为是当今人类面临的一个______挑战”，formidable意为“令人敬畏的，难以克服的”，符合语境。3.innate解析思路：根据句意，“她拥有惊人的______，表现在她很小就能创作复杂的旋律和和声的能力”，innate意为“天生的，固有的”，符合语境。4.advent解析思路：根据句意，“互联网的______革命化了获取信息的方式”，advent意为“出现，到来”，符合语境。5.setbacks解析思路：根据句意，“尽管面临numerous______，队伍仍然坚定，最终实现了他们的目标”，setbacks意为“挫折，阻碍”，符合语境。6.existential解析思路：根据句意，“小说探讨了______人类状况，深入探讨了爱、失去和对意义的寻找的主题”，existential意为“存在的，关乎生存的”，符合语境。7.enhance解析思路：根据句意，“学生养成好的学习习惯至关重要，因为它们可以显著______他们的学业表现和未来成功”，enhance意为“提高，增强”，符合语境。8.controversy解析思路：根据句意，“新政策的______引发了公众的很多辩论”，controversy意为“争论，辩论”，符合语境。9.preserved解析思路：根据句意，“这座老建筑已经______了数十年，保留了其原始的建筑和魅力”，preserved意为“保存，保护”，符合语境。10.misuse解析思路：根据句意，“文章暗示社会应该担心AI的潜在滥用，因为它可能导致______”，misuse意为“滥用”，符合语境。第三部分阅读理解1.Thepotentialbenefitsandethicalimplicationsofartificialintelligencetechnologies.解析思路：文章首段提出“AI技术的普及引发了关于其潜在益处和伦理影响的全球对话”，概括了文章的主要话题。2.AIcanautomaterepetitivetasks,enhanceproductivity,andassistinsolvingcomplexproblems.解析思路：文章首段提到“支持者认为，AI可以自动化重复任务，提高生产力，并协助解决复杂问题”，列举了AI的一些潜在益处。3.Thedisplacementofhumanworkers,thepotentialforAItobeusedformaliciouspurposes,andconcernsabouttransparencyandaccountabilityinAIalgorithms.解析思路：文章第二段列举了批评者对AI的担忧，包括“人类工人的失业”、“AI被用于恶意目的”以及“对AI算法透明度和问责制的担忧”。4.EstablishingethicalguidelinesforAIdevelopment,promotingtransparencyandaccountabilityinAIsystems,andinvestingineducationandtrainingprograms.解析思路：文章最后一段提到“需要通过持续对话来处理AI的发展和使用”，“这包括为AI发展建立道德指南，促进AI系统的透明度和问责制，并投资于教育和培训计划”，这些都是解决AI伦理问题的方法。5.spread解析思路：根据上下文，“proliferation”意为“激增，迅速传播”，选