《计算机专业英语》课件Unit2

Unit1ComputerHardwareUnit2ComputerSoftware

Unit3ComputerNetwork

Unit4MultimediaCONTENTS目录

Unit5E-commerce

Unit6ComputerSecurity

Unit7BigData

Unit8CloudComputingUnit2ComputerSoftwareSpeakingListeningReadingWritingSpeaking1.

LookatthefollowinggraphicandspeakouteachnameofSoftwareDevelopmentToolsinChinese.SoftwareDevelopmentToolsIPNetworkIP网CustomViewingApplication自定义查看应用程序

FixedIPCamera固定IP相机

PTZIPCameraPTZIP相机AnalogCamera模拟相机StandaloneTransmitter\Receiver独立发射器\接收器Speaking2.

ListtheChinesenamesofthefollowinggraphic.Camera相机PrivateNetwork私用网\专用网络WebServer网络服务器PublicNetwork公用网Snapapplication快速应用程序（IndigoVision：一种编码器型号）

Speaking3.Supposeyouareacomputerengineer.GiveapresentationtoeachpictureinEnglish.Picture1Speaking3.Supposeyouareacomputerengineer.GiveapresentationtoeachpictureinEnglish.Picture2Listening1.Listencarefullyandchoosethewordsyouhear.1.A.now B.cow C.blow D.how2.A.bake B.lake C.gate D.get3.A.keen B.clean C.seen D.lean4.A.has B.gas C.mass D.vase5.A.fat B.map C.lap D.nap6.A.flight B.fight C.forget D.fat7.A.find B.friendC.kind D.fond8.A.dot B.got C.not D.hot9.A.lone B.home C.tone D.bone10.A.daughterB.doctorC.taught D.dot

Keys:

1.C2.D3.B4.D5.A6.C7.C8.A9.B10.CListening2.Listentotheshortpassageandchoosetheproperwordstofillintheblanks.Lindaismybestfriend.Sheis15yearsold.Sheisa1(nice,pretty,beautiful)girlwitharoundfaceandtwobigblackeyes.She2(always,often,sometimes)hasasmileonherface.SheistallerthanI.Everymorningwegoto3(park,playground,school)together.Shestudiesquitewellandshe’satopstudentinourclass.Sheismodestinherbehavior.WhenIhavedifficultyin4(English,Chinese,Chemistry),Ialwaysaskherforhelp.Wearebothinterestedin5(sports,music,reading).Atweekends,wejointhesamehobbygroupandplaytheviolintogether.

Welikeeachother.

Listening3.Listentothedialogueandchoosethebestresponsestowhatyouhear.1.A:Ithinkitflewat48kilometersperhour.B:Ithinkitflew36.5metersfar.C.Ithinkitflew3.5metershigh.D.Ithinkitflew112seconds._________2.A:It’sMonday.B:It’swindy.C.Ilikeit.D.Ihaveenoughclothes._________3.A:Thankyou.B:Don’tthankme.C.That’sright.D.Youarewelcome. _________4.A:Yes,Ido. B:Yes,Idid.C:Yes,Ihave.D:Yes,Iam. _________5.A.No,Idon’t.B.Yes,Ido.C.Oh,me?Applepie.D.No,Idon’t. _________

ABDCCListening4.Listentothedialoguesandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionyouhear.1.A:HeworksthereasaChineseteacher. B:Heisworker.C.Heisafarmer. D.Heisadriver.2.A:Hedidn’tlikethetrip. B:Hedidn’tliketheweather.C.Hedidn’tlikethefood. D.Hedidn’tlikethepeople.3.A:Teacherandstudent. B:Fatheranddaughter.C.Friends D.Bossandclerk.4.A:Attheairport. B:Inashop.C:Inaclub. D:Inanoffice.5.A:Adoctor. B:Ateacher.C:Abankclerk. D:Anurse.

、Listening5.Listentothedialogueandanswerthefollowingquestionsbyfillingintheblanks.1.WhoisWangHaitalkingwith?Sheis____________.2.HowhasLiHuachanged?Shehaschanged_______.3.LiHuahaslonghairorshorthairnow?Shehas______now.4.NowLiHua’seyesareshortsightedornot?Nowhereyes

.5.Whousedtoplaythepianointhedialogue?_____usedtoplaythepiano.

LiHua

alot

long

arestillshortsighted

JerryListening6.Listentothepassageandfillintheblankswithwordsyouhear.Somenewwordsgivenbelowwillbeofsomehelptoyou.OldCoupleatMcDonald’sAlittleoldmanandhiswifewalkedslowlyintoMcDonald’soncold1evening.They2atablenearthebackwall,andthenthelittleoldmanwalkedtothecashregistertoorder.Afterawhilehegotthefoodbackandtheybegantoopenit.Therewasonehamburger,someFrenchfriesandonedrink.ThelittleoldmancarefullycutthehamburgerinhalfanddividedtheFrenchfriesintwopiles.Thenheneatly3thehalfofthefoodinfrontofhiswife.Hetookasipofthedrinkandhiswifetookasip.“Howpoortheoldpeopleare!”thepeople4themthought.Asthemanbeganto5hishamburgerandhisFrenchfries,hiswifesattherewatchinghimandtookturnsto6.Ayoungmancameoverandofferedto7anothermealforthem.8theyrefusedpolitelyandsaidthattheygotusedtosharingeverything.Thenayoung9askedaquestionofthelittleoldlady.“Madam,whyaren’tyoueating?Yousaidthatyou10everything.Thenwhatareyouwaitingfor?”Sheanswered,“Theteeth.”

Keys:1.

winter2.

took

3.put

4.around

5.eat

6.drink

7.buy

8.But

9.lady

10.shareReadingPassageAComputerSoftware

Computersoftware,orsimplysoftware,isapartofacomputersystemthatconsistsofdataorcomputerinstructions,incontrasttothephysicalhardwarefromwhichthesystemisbuilt.Incomputerscienceandsoftwareengineeringcomputersoftwareisallinformationprocessedbycomputersystems,programsanddata.Computersoftwareincludescomputerprograms,librariesandrelatednon-executabledata,suchasonlinedocumentationordigitalmedia.Computerhardwareandsoftwarerequireeachotherandneithercanberealisticallyusedonitsown.

ReadingPassageAAtthelowestlevel,executablecodeconsistsofmachinelanguageinstructionsspecifictoanindividualprocessor—typicallyacentralprocessingunit(CPU).Amachinelanguageconsistsofgroupsofbinaryvaluessignifyingprocessorinstructionsthatchangethestateofthecomputerfromitsprecedingstate.Forexample,aninstructionmaychangethevaluestoredinaparticularstoragelocationinthecomputer—aneffectthatisnotdirectlyobservabletotheuser.Aninstructionmayalso(indirectly)causesomethingtoappearonadisplayofthecomputersystem—astatechangewhichshouldbevisibletotheuser.

ReadingPassageAAninstructionmayalso(indirectly)causesomethingtoappearonadisplayofthecomputersystem—astatechangewhichshouldbevisibletotheuser.TTheprocessorcarriesouttheinstructionsintheordertheyareprovided,unlessitisinstructedto“jump”toadifferentinstruction,orisinterrupted(bynowmulti-coreprocessorsaredominant,whereeachcorecanruninstructionsinorder;then,however,eachapplicationsoftwarerunsonlyononecorebydefault,butsomesoftwarehasbeenmadetorunonmany).

ReadingPassageA

Themajorityofsoftwareiswritteninhigh-levelprogramminglanguagesthatareeasierandmoreefficientforprogrammerstousebecausetheyarecloserthanmachinelanguagestonaturallanguages.High-levellanguagesaretranslatedintomachinelanguageusingacompileroraninterpreteroracombinationofthetwo.Softwaremayalsobewritteninalow-levelassemblylanguage,whichhasstrongcorrespondencetothecomputer’smachinelanguageinstructionsandistranslatedintomachinelanguageusinganassembler.

ReadingPassageAComputersoftware,orsimplysoftware,isapartofacomputersystemthatconsistsofdataor______(1),incontrasttothephysicalhardwarefromwhichthesystemisbuilt.Incomputerscienceandsoftwareengineeringcomputersoftwareisall

______(2)processedbycomputersystems,programsand______(3).Computersoftwareincludescomputerprograms,______(4)andrelatednon-executabledata,suchasonlinedocumentationor

______(5).Computerhardwareandsoftwarerequire

______(6)andneithercanberealisticallyusedonitsown.

1.Fillintheblankswithoutreferringtothepassage

computerinstructionsinformationdata

libraries

digitalmediaeachotherReadingPassageA1.Whatiscomputersoftware?

Computersoftware,orsimplysoftware,isapartofacomputersystemthatconsistsofdataorcomputerinstructions,incontrasttothephysicalhardwarefromwhichthesystemisbuilt.2.Whichpartsdoescomputersoftwareinclude?Itincludescomputerprograms,librariesandrelatednon-executabledata,suchasonlinedocumentationordigitalmedia.3.Whatroledoesamachinelanguageplayinacomputer?Amachinelanguageconsistsofgroupsofbinaryvaluessignifyingprocessorinstructionsthatchangethestateofthecomputerfromitsprecedingstate.Forexample,aninstructionmaychangethevaluestoredinaparticularstoragelocationinthecomputer—aneffectthatisnotdirectlyobservabletotheuser.Aninstructionmayalso(indirectly)causesomethingtoappearonadisplayofthecomputersystem—astatechangewhichshouldbevisibletotheuser.

2.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage

ReadingPassageA5.Howdoestheprocessorcarryouttheinstructionsinacomputer?

Theprocessorcarriesouttheinstructionsintheordertheyareprovided,unlessitisinstructedto“jump”toadifferentinstruction,orisinterrupted.6.Whyisthemajorityofsoftwarewritteninhigh-levelprogramminglanguages?Becausetheyarecloserthanmachinelanguagestonaturallanguages.

2.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage

ReadingPassageA1.Computersoftwareisapartofacomputersystemthatconsistsof_______orcomputerinstructions.2.Computerhardwareandsoftwarerequireeachotherandneithercan

onitsown.3.Anprocessorinstructionmaychange

storedinaparticularstoragelocationinthecomputer.4.Eachapplicationsoftwarerunsonlyononecoreby_______,butsomesoftwarehasbeenmadetorunonmany5.Themajorityofsoftwareiswritteninhigh-levelprogramminglanguagesbecausetheyarecloserthanmachinelanguagesto

.6.High-levelprogramminglanguagesaretranslatedintomachinelanguageusing

oraninterpreteroracombinationofthetwo.

3.Completeeachofthefollowingstatementsaccordingtothepassage

databerealisticallyusedthe

valuedefaultnaturallanguagesacompilerReadingPassageA1.他们很熟悉这一观点，所有的物质都是由原子构成的。(consistsof)Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinionthatallmatterconsistsofatoms.2.我可以帮助你学习这个新电脑程序。（program）

Icanhelpyouwiththenewcomputerprogram.3.他与以前相比，显得更健康些。（incontrastto）Helookshealthierincontrasttohisformerself.4.源代码的此位置没有可执行代码。（executablecode）

Thereisnoexecutablecodeatthislocationinthesourcecode

4.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

ReadingPassageA5.我们需要实行我们的计划。(carryout)Weneedtocarryoutourplans.6.应用软件为用户完成具体的任务(applicationsoftware)Applicationsoftwareperformsspecifictasksfortheuser.7.我们就要用汇编语言，甚至要用机器语言去编写程序。(assemblylanguage)Wewouldallbeprogramminginassemblylanguageorevenmachinelanguage.8.这东西看不出有明显的用途（visible）Itseemstoservenovisibleuse.

4.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

ReadingPassageA1.Incomputerscienceandsoftwareengineeringcomputersoftwareisallinformationprocessedbycomputersystems,programsanddata.在计算机学和软件工程中，计算机软件是由计算机处理的所有信息以及程序和数据组成。2.Computersoftwareincludescomputerprograms,librariesandrelatednon-executabledata,suchasonlinedocumentationordigitalmedia.计算机软件包括计算机程序、文库以及相关的诸如在线文件或数字媒介等的非执行数据。计算机硬件和软件互为需要，任何一方在实际操作中都不能独立应用。

5.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

ReadingPassageA3.Amachinelanguageconsistsofgroupsofbinaryvaluessignifyingprocessorinstructionsthatchangethestateofthecomputerfromitsprecedingstate.

机器语言包括数个改变计算机之前状态的代表处理器程序指令的二进制数值组。4.Aninstructionmayalso(indirectly)causesomethingtoappearonadisplayofthecomputersystem—astatechangewhichshouldbevisibletotheuser.一个指令也可以（非直接地）引起一些变化并使其出现在计算机展示屏上对使用者来说应该是可见的状态变化。

5.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

ReadingPassageA5.Theprocessorcarriesouttheinstructionsintheordertheyareprovided,unlessitisinstructedto“jump”toadifferentinstruction,orisinterrupted.处理器按照提供的命令执行指令，除非它被指示“跳”到另一个不同的指令，或者被中断指令。6.Bynowmulti-coreprocessorsaredominant,whereeachcorecanruninstructionsinorder.到目前为止，多核心处理器具有统治地位，根据命令每一个“核心”运行一个指令。7.Themajorityofsoftwareiswritteninhigh-levelprogramminglanguagesthatareeasierandmoreefficientforprogrammerstouse.大多数的软件由高级程序语言编写而成，对于程序员来说，因为它们比起机器语言更接近自然语言而更容易、更有效。

5.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

ReadingPassageA8.High-levellanguagesaretranslatedintomachinelanguageusingacompileroraninterpreteroracombinationofthetwo.高级程序语言使用编译器、或者注释器、或者二者的联合转换成机器语言。9.Softwaremayalsobewritteninalow-levelassemblylanguage,whichhasstrongcorrespondencetothecomputer’smachinelanguageinstructionsandistranslatedintomachinelanguageusinganassembler.软件也可以由低级的汇编语言写成，它与计算机的机器语言指令非常一致，并使用汇编程序转换成机器语言。

5.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

PassageBApplicationSoftwareandSystemSoftwareOnvirtuallyallcomputersoftwarecanbegroupedintoafewbroadcategories.Basedonthegoalofpurpose,ordomainofitsuse,computersoftwarecanbedividedintoapplicationsoftwareandsystemsoftware.ApplicationsoftwareApplicationsoftwareissoftwarethatusesthecomputersystemtoperformspecialfunctionsorprovideentertainmentfunctionsbeyondthebasicoperationofthecomputeritself.Therearemanydifferenttypesofapplicationsoftwarebecausetherangeoftasksthatcanbeperformedwithamoderncomputerissolarge.

ReadingPassageB

SystemsoftwareSystemsoftwareissoftwarethatdirectlyoperatesthecomputerhardware,toprovidebasicfunctionalityneededbyusersandothersoftware,andtoprovideaplatformforrunningapplicationsoftware.Systemsoftwareincludes:

ReadingPassageB

OperatingsystemsOperatingsystemsareessentialcollectionsofsoftwarethatmanageresourcesandprovidescommonservicesforothersoftwarethatruns"ontop"ofthem.Supervisoryprograms,bootloaders,shellsandwindowsystemsarecorepartsofoperatingsystems.Inpractice,anoperatingsystemcomesbundledwithadditionalsoftware(includingapplicationsoftware)sothatausercanpotentiallydosomeworkwithacomputerthatonlyhasoneoperatingsystem.

ReadingPassageB

DevicedriversDevicedriversoperateorcontrolaparticulartypeofdevicethatisattachedtoacomputer.Eachdeviceneedsatleastonecorrespondingdevicedriver;becauseacomputertypicallyhasatminimumatleastoneinputdeviceandatleastoneoutputdevice,acomputertypicallyneedsmorethanonedevicedriver.

ReadingPassageBUtilitiesUtilitiesarecomputerprogramsdesignedtoassistusersinthemaintenanceandcareoftheircomputers.PS:MalicioussoftwareormalwareMalicioussoftwareormalwareissoftwarethatisdevelopedtoharmanddisruptcomputers.Assuch,malwareisundesirable.Malwareiscloselyassociatedwithcomputer-relatedcrimes,thoughsomemaliciousprogramsmayhavebeendesignedaspracticaljokes.

ReadingPassageBReadingMatchthefollowingEnglishphrasesinColumnAwiththeirChineseequivalentsinColumnB.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

1.bootloader a.应用软件

2.assemblylanguage b.

系统软件

3.systemsoftware c.汇编语言4.applicationsoftware d.

引导程序5.binaryvalue e.恶意软件

6.malicioussoftware

f.

设备驱动程序7.practicaljoke g.二进制数值8.eachother h.彼此9.devicedriver i.操作系统10.operatingsystem j.恶作剧PassageBReading2.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareT(true)orF(false)accordingtothepassage.

1.Computersoftwarecanbedividedintoapplicationsoftwareand.Malicioussoftwareaccordingtothepassage.()2.Applicationsoftwareissoftwarethatusesthecomputersystemtoperformspecialfunctionsinhebasicoperationofthecomputeritself.()3.Therearemanydifferenttypesofapplicationsoftware,becausetherangeoftasksthatcanbeperformedwithamoderncomputerissolarge.()4.Systemsoftwareincludesoperatingsystemsanddevicedrivers.()5.Operatingsystemsareessentialcollectionsofsoftwarethatmanageresourcesandprovidescommonservicesforothersoftware.()FFFTT

PassageBReading2.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareT(true)orF(false)accordingtothepassage.

6.Supervisoryprograms,bootloadersandwindowsystemsarecorepartsofoperatingsystems.()7.Inpractice,anoperatingsystemcomesbundledwithadditionalsoftwaresothatausercanpotentiallydosomework.()8.Devicedriversoperateorcontrolaparticulartypeofdevicethatisattachedtoacomputer..()9.Utilitiesarecomputerprogramsdesignedtoassistusersinthemaintenanceandantivirusoftheircomputers.()10.Malwareissoftwarethatisdevelopedtoharmanddisruptcomputers.()FFTTT

PassageBReading3.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Operatingsystemsareessentialcollectionsofsoftwarethatmanageresourcesandprovidescommonservicesforothersoftwarethatruns"ontop"ofthem.Supervisoryprograms,bootloaders,shellsandwindowsystemsarecorepartsofoperatingsystems.Inpractice,anoperatingsystemcomesbundledwithadditionalsoftware(includingapplicationsoftware)sothatausercanpotentiallydosomeworkwithacomputerthatonlyhasoneoperatingsystem.

操作系统是软件的基础组合，它管理资源并为其它优先运行的软件提供常规服务。监督程序、引导装载程序、框架系统和窗口系统是计算机操作系统的核心。实际上，为便于用户使用仅有一个操作系统的计算机来做更多可能性的工作，操作系统可自带附加软件（包括应用软件）。

1.WhatareJavaScriptscripts?A.Theyarepiecesofsoftwaretraditionallyembeddedinwebpagesthatarerundirectlyinsidethewebbrowserwhenawebpageisloadedwiththeneedforawebbrowserplugin.B.Theyarepiecesofsoftwaretraditionallyembeddedinwebpagesthatarerunindirectlyinsidethewebbrowserwhenawebpageisloadedwiththeneedforawebbrowserplugin.C.Theyarepiecesofsoftwaretraditionallyembeddedinwebpagesthatarerundirectlyinsidethewebbrowserwhenawebpageisloadedwithouttheneedforawebbrowserplugin.D.SoftwarewritteninotherprogramminglanguagescanalsoberunwithinthewebbrowserifthesoftwareisneithertranslatedintoJavaScript,norifawebbrowserpluginthatsupportsthatlanguageisinstalled.2.Webapplicationsusuallyrunonthewebserverandoutputdynamicallygeneratedwebpagestowebbrowsers,usinge.g.______.A.PHPthatrunsontheserverB.JavaScriptthatrunsontheserverC.ASP.NETthatrunsontheserverD.Alltheabove.3.Whatarepluginsandextensionsaccordingtothepassage?A.TheyaresoftwarethatextendsormodifiesthefunctionalityofanotherpieceofsB.Theyarehardwarethatextendsormodifiesthefunctionalityofanotherpieceofsoftware.C.Theyaresoftwarethatextendsormodifiesthefunctionalityofanotherpieceofhardware;D.Theyarehardwarethatextendsormodifiesthefunctionalityofanotherpieceofhardware.

ExtraReadingReadthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.✓

✓

✓

4.Howdoesembeddedsoftwarereside?A.Itresidesasnon-firmwarewithinembeddedsystems,devicesdedicatedtoonlyasingleusesuchascars.B.Itresidesasfirmwarewithinnon-embeddedsystems,devicesdedicatedtoasingleuseorafewusessuchascarsandtelevisions.C.Itresidesasfirmwarewithinembeddedsystems,devicesdedicatedtoasingleuseorafewusessuchascarsandtelevisions.D.Itresidesasfirmwarewithinembeddedsystems,devicesdedicatedtoasingleuseoralotofusessuchascarsandtelevisions.5.WhatisMicrocodeaccordingtothepassage?A.Itisaspecial,relativelyobscuretypeofembeddedsoftware.B.Ittellstheprocessoritselfhowtoexecutemachinecode,soitisahigherlevelthanmachinecode.C.Itistypicallyproprietarytotheprocessorusers.D.Anymicrocodesoftwareupdatesaresuppliedbyusers.

ExtraReadingReadthefollowingpassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.✓

✓

Writing

Name:______Address:______DateofBirth:______Sex:male/FemaleMaritalStatus:Single/Married/DivorcedJobObjective:Seekajobas______(工作种类)Education:_____________________________________________(倒序WorkingExperience:___________________________________________（倒序）ForeignLanguages:_______________________(语种及水平)

简历(Resume)

简历是个人情况介绍，一般附加在求职信后，目的是得到面试机会，因此简历需写得简洁具体，真实准确，侧重于工作经验和学历简历(Resume

)

◆常用词语◆①名字(name)nameinfull（姓名）；surname/familyname（姓）；firstname/givenname（名字）；middlename（中间名）②地址(address)present/currentaddress(现住址)；permanentaddress（永久联系地址）③性别(sex/gender)male(男)；female(女)④婚姻状况（maritalstatus）single(单身)；unmarried(未婚)；married(已婚)；divorced(离婚)⑤jobobjective(求职意向)asecretarytotheGeneralManager（总经理秘书）；touristg