2025年考研英语（一）阅读理解冲刺押题 真题预测与备考指导

2025年考研英语（一）阅读理解冲刺押题真题预测与备考指导考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______PartADirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTherapidexpansionoftheinternetandsocialmediahasfundamentallyalteredthewayweconsumeandshareinformation.Whileofferingunprecedentedaccesstoknowledgeandfosteringglobalconnectivity,thisdigitalrevolutionhasalsogivenrisetonewchallenges,mostnotablythespreadofmisinformationandthepolarizationofpublicopinion.Oneofthemostsignificantimpactsofthedigitalageoninformationconsumptionisthecreationofechochambers.Algorithmiccuration,designedtomaximizeuserengagement,oftenshowsindividualscontentthatalignswiththeirexistingbeliefsandpreferences.Thisfilteringprocess,whileseeminglybeneficial,canleadtoanarrowingofperspectives,aspeoplearelesslikelytoencounteropposingviewpoints.Consequently,usersmaybecomeentrenchedintheirownideologies,reinforcingbiasesandhinderingconstructivedialogueacrossdiversegroups.Theconsequencesofthisphenomenonarefar-reaching.Politically,echochamberscanexacerbatesocietaldivisions,asindividualsareexposedprimarilytoinformationthatconfirmstheirpre-existingpoliticalleanings.Thiscanleadtoincreasedanimositybetweendifferentfactionsandadeclineinmutualunderstanding.Furthermore,theeasewithwhichfalseormisleadinginformationcanbedisseminatedonlineposesaseriousthreattotheintegrityofpublicdiscourse.Misinformationcampaigns,oftenfueledbyeconomicinterestsormaliciousintent,canmanipulatepublicopinion,influenceelections,andeveninciteviolence.Therapidvelocityatwhichonlineinformationspreadsmakesitdifficultforaccuratefactstocounterfalsehoods,allowingmisinformationtodominatesocialmediafeedsandshapecollectiveunderstanding.Societyhasbeguntorecognizethegravityoftheseissuesandisseekingsolutions.Educationalinitiativesarebeingdevelopedtopromotemedialiteracy,equippingindividualswiththeskillsnecessarytocriticallyevaluateonlinecontent.Platformprovidersarealsoimplementingmeasurestocombatmisinformation,suchasflaggingpotentiallyfalsearticlesandlimitingthereachofharmfulcontent.However,theseeffortsfacesignificantchallenges.Thesheervolumeofinformationgeneratedonlinemakesitimpossibletomonitoreffectively,andtheconstantevolutionofmisinformationtacticsrequiresongoingadaptation.Moreover,theeconomicmodelofsocialmedia,whichreliesonuserengagement,oftenincentivizesthespreadofsensationalistandemotionallychargedcontent,furtherfuelingtheproblem.Ultimately,navigatingthecomplexitiesofthedigitalinformationlandscaperequiresamultifacetedapproach.Individualsmustcultivateahabitofcriticalthinkingandremainvigilantagainstmisinformation.Societyneedstofosteracultureofopendialogueandmutualrespect,encouragingtheexchangeofdiverseperspectives.Governmentsandinternationalorganizationsmustcollaboratetoestablishregulationsthatpromoteresponsibleinformationdisseminationwhilesafeguardingfreedomofspeech.Onlythroughaconcertedeffortcanweharnessthebenefitsofthedigitalagewhilemitigatingitspotentialharms,ensuringthatinformationconsumptioncontributestoamoreinformedandcohesiveglobalcommunity.1.Whatistheprimaryconcernraisedbytheauthorregardingthedigitalage?2.Accordingtothepassage,howdoechochamberscontributetopoliticalpolarization?3.Whatmeasuresarebeingtakentoaddresstheissueofmisinformation?4.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasanecessarycomponentinmitigatingthenegativeimpactsofthedigitalinformationlandscape?5.Theword"exacerbate"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:PassageTwoTheconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentdecadesasaframeworkforaddressingenvironmental,social,andeconomicchallenges.Atitscore,sustainabilityseekstomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisholisticapproachrecognizestheinterconnectednessofhumanwell-beingandthehealthoftheplanet,advocatingforashiftawayfromconventionalmodelsofgrowththatprioritizeshort-termgainsattheexpenseoflong-termstability.Achievingsustainabilityrequiresatransformationacrossvarioussectorsofsociety.Intherealmofenergy,thetransitionfromfossilfuelstorenewablesourceslikesolar,wind,andhydroelectricpoweriscrucial.Suchashiftnotonlyreducesgreenhousegasemissionsbutalsopromotesenergyindependenceandcreatesneweconomicopportunities.Similarly,sustainableagriculturepracticescanhelpensurefoodsecuritywhileminimizingenvironmentaldegradation.Techniquessuchascroprotation,organicfarming,andreducedrelianceonchemicalpesticidescanenhancesoilhealth,conservewaterresources,andprotectbiodiversity.Beyondenergyandagriculture,sustainabilityalsoencompassessocialdimensions,includingequitableaccesstoresources,socialjustice,andculturalpreservation.Citiesareincreasinglyadoptingsustainableurbanplanningprinciples,suchasgreenbuildingstandards,efficientpublictransportationsystems,andtheintegrationofgreenspaces.Theseinitiativesaimtocreatelivable,resilientcitiesthatcatertotheneedsofallresidents,regardlessoftheirsocioeconomicbackground.Furthermore,sustainabledevelopmentemphasizestheimportanceofempoweringcommunitiesandfosteringparticipatorydecision-makingprocessesthatensurethevoicesofmarginalizedgroupsareheard.Thepathtosustainabilityisnotwithoutitschallenges.Transitioningtoamoresustainablemodelrequiressignificantinvestmentininfrastructure,technology,andeducation.Italsonecessitatesafundamentalchangeinmindset,encouragingindividuals,businesses,andgovernmentstoprioritizelong-termwell-beingovershort-termconvenience.However,thepotentialbenefitsofsustainabilityfaroutweighthedifficulties.Byadoptingsustainablepractices,wecancreateamoreequitable,resilient,andprosperousfutureforall.Thetimetoactisnow,andthecollectiveeffortsofindividualsandinstitutionsaroundtheworldareessentialtorealizethisvision.6.Whatisthefundamentalprincipleofsustainabledevelopmentasdescribedinthepassage?7.Accordingtotheauthor,whataresomekeystrategiesforachievingsustainabilityintheenergysector?8.Howdoessustainabledevelopmentaddresssocialdimensions?9.Whatchallengesareassociatedwithtransitioningtoamoresustainablemodel?10.Theword"resilient"inthefinalparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:PassageThreeTheriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedawaveofexcitementandconcernacrossvariousindustriesandsocieties.ProponentsofAIenvisionafuturewhereintelligentmachinescanautomatetedioustasks,enhanceproductivity,andsolvecomplexproblems,ultimatelyleadingtoasignificantimprovementinhumanqualityoflife.Frommedicaldiagnosisanddrugdiscoverytopersonalizededucationandautonomoustransportation,thepotentialapplicationsofAIseemlimitless.BusinessesareincreasinglyinvestinginAItechnologies,recognizingtheirtransformativepowerandcompetitiveadvantageinanincreasinglydigitalworld.However,therapidadvancementofAIalsoraisesprofoundethicalandsocialquestions.Oneofthemostsignificantconcernsisthepotentialdisplacementofhumanworkers.AsAIsystemsbecomemoresophisticated,theyarecapableofperformingtaskstraditionallydonebyhumans,leadingtojoblossesincertainsectors.WhilenewjobsmayemergeintheAIfield,thereisariskofwideningthegapbetweenhigh-skilledandlow-skilledworkers,exacerbatingincomeinequalityandsocialunrest.Additionally,thedevelopmentofautonomousweaponssystemsraisesethicaldilemmasaboutthedelegationoflife-and-deathdecisionstomachines.AnotherchallengeassociatedwithAIistheissueofbiasandfairness.AIsystemsaretrainedondata,andifthisdataisbiased,theAIwillperpetuateandevenamplifythesebiases.Thiscanleadtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinareassuchashiring,lending,andcriminaljustice,reinforcingexistingsocialinequalities.EnsuringthatAIsystemsarefairandunbiasedrequirescarefulattentiontothedatausedfortrainingandongoingmonitoringtoidentifyandaddressanypotentialbiases.Addressingthesechallengesrequiresamultifacetedapproachinvolvingresearchers,policymakers,andthepublic.ItiscrucialtodevelopethicalguidelinesandregulationsthatgovernthedevelopmentanddeploymentofAItechnologies.Theseguidelinesshouldprioritizehumanwell-being,transparency,andaccountability.Additionally,investmentineducationandretrainingprogramsisnecessarytohelpworkersadapttothechangingjobmarket.FosteringpublicdialogueandengagementisalsoessentialtoensurethatthedevelopmentofAIalignswithsocietalvaluesandpriorities.11.WhataresomeofthepotentialbenefitsofAIasdescribedbytheauthor?12.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthesocialchallengesassociatedwiththeriseofAI?13.HowcanbiasbeintroducedintoAIsystems,andwhatarethepotentialconsequences?14.WhatstepsarenecessarytoaddresstheethicalandsocialconcernsrelatedtoAI?15.Theword"perpetuate"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:PassageFourInrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowinginterestinthefieldofpositivepsychology,abranchofpsychologythatfocusesonthestudyofhumanflourishing,well-being,andoptimalfunctioning.Unliketraditionalpsychology,whichoftenconcentratesonrepairingdamageandtreatingmentalillness,positivepsychologyseekstounderstandandpromotethefactorsthatcontributetoafulfillingandmeaningfullife.Thisshiftinperspectivehasledtoarenewedappreciationfortheimportanceofhappiness,resilience,andpositiveemotionsinhumanlife.Researchinpositivepsychologyhasidentifiedseveralkeyfactorsthatcontributetowell-being.Onesuchfactoristhecultivationofgratitude.Studieshaveshownthatindividualswhoregularlypracticegratitudetendtoexperiencehigherlevelsofhappiness,optimism,andlifesatisfaction.Keepingagratitudejournalorexpressingappreciationtootherscanhelpindividualsfocusonthepositiveaspectsoftheirlives,evenduringchallengingtimes.Anotherimportantfactoristhedevelopmentofstrongsocialconnections.Meaningfulrelationshipswithfamily,friends,andcommunityprovideasenseofbelonging,support,andlove,whichareessentialforpsychologicalwell-being.Furthermore,positivepsychologyemphasizestheimportanceofpursuingmeaningfulgoalsandengaginginactivitiesthatalignwithone'svaluesandinterests.Whenindividualsareengagedinactivitiesthattheyfindmeaningfulandpurposeful,theyaremorelikelytoexperienceasenseoffulfillmentandsatisfaction.Thiscaninvolvepursuingcareergoals,engaginginvolunteerwork,orengagingincreativeendeavors.Additionally,thepracticeofmindfulness,ortheabilitytobefullypresentinthemomentwithoutjudgment,hasbeenshowntoreducestress,improvefocus,andenhanceoverallwell-being.Thefindingsofpositivepsychologyhaveimportantimplicationsforindividuals,communities,andsocieties.Byunderstandingandapplyingtheprinciplesofpositivepsychology,individualscantakestepstoimprovetheirownwell-beingandleadmorefulfillinglives.Communitiescancreateenvironmentsthatfosterpositiverelationshipsandsocialsupport.Societiescanimplementpoliciesthatpromotehappiness,health,andwell-beingatabroaderlevel.Thegrowinginterestinpositivepsychologysuggestsashifttowardsamoreholisticunderstandingofhumanflourishing,recognizingthathappinessandwell-beingareessentialcomponentsofagoodlife.16.Whatisthemainfocusofpositivepsychologyasdescribedinthepassage?17.Accordingtotheauthor,whataresomeofthekeyfactorsthatcontributetowell-being?18.Howcanindividualspursuemeaningfulgoalsandactivitiesthatalignwiththeirvalues?19.Whatarethepotentialimplicationsofpositivepsychologyforcommunitiesandsocieties?20.Theword"fulfilling"inthefinalparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:---试卷答案PartA1.D*解析思路：文章首段即提出互联网和社交媒体在带来便利的同时，也引发了新挑战，随后具体阐述了信息失实和公众观点极化是最显著的挑战。选项D（信息的传播和公众观点的极化）最能概括首段核心问题。2.A*解析思路：第二段明确指出，算法推荐导致用户主要接触符合自身观点的内容，减少了接触对立观点的机会。这种过滤过程使得人们更容易坚持自身意识形态，从而加剧了政治上的分裂。选项A（算法推荐导致用户主要接触符合自身观点的内容，减少了接触对立观点的机会）抓住了“echochambers”导致政治极化的核心机制。3.B*解析思路：第三段提到了两种应对措施：一是教育方面的媒体素养提升项目；二是平台方采取的措施，如标记可能虚假的文章、限制有害内容传播。选项B（教育机构提供的媒体素养培训和平台采取措施打击虚假信息）概括了第三段提到的两种主要应对措施。4.C*解析思路：文章最后一段强调，应对数字信息带来的负面影响需要多方面努力，包括个人培养批判性思维、社会fosteringopendialogue、政府和国际组织建立相关法规。选项C（个人培养批判性思维、社会fosteringopendialogue、政府和国际组织建立相关法规）涵盖了最后一段提到的个体、社会、政府层面的多重努力。5.intensify*解析思路：第二段提到，“Politically,echochamberscanexacerbatesocietaldivisions”。exacerbate意为“加剧，使恶化”，与intensify（加剧，强化）意思相近。6.B*解析思路：第一段定义了可持续发展：“sustainabledevelopmentseekstomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.”即满足当代人的需求，同时不损害后代人满足其需求的能力。选项B（在满足当代人需求的同时，不损害后代人满足其需求的能力）是对定义的准确转述。7.A*解析思路：第二段提到，“Intherealmofenergy,thetransitionfromfossilfuelstorenewablesourceslikesolar,wind,andhydroelectricpoweriscrucial.”即从化石燃料向太阳能、风能、水能等可再生能源的转变是关键。选项A（从化石燃料向可再生能源的转变）概括了文中提到的关键策略。8.D*解析思路：第二段最后一句提到，“Furthermore,sustainabledevelopmentemphasizestheimportanceofequitableaccesstoresources,socialjustice,andculturalpreservation.”即可持续发展强调公平获取资源、社会正义和文化保护的重要性。选项D（强调公平获取资源、社会正义和文化保护）涵盖了文中提到的社会维度。9.C*解析思路：第三段提到，“Transitioningtoamoresustainablemodelrequiressignificantinvestmentininfrastructure,technology,andeducation.”即转向更可持续的模式需要大量投资于基础设施、技术和教育。此外，还需要“afundamentalchangeinmindset”。选项C（需要大量投资于基础设施、技术和教育，以及需要思维方式的根本转变）概括了文中提到的挑战。10.strong*解析思路：最后一段提到，“resilient,andprosperousfuture”。结合语境，resilient在此指未来是能够“从困难中恢复过来的，富有弹性的”。选项strong（强壮的，有力的）与resilient（有弹性的，能复原的）在描述未来状态的积极意义上最为接近。11.A*解析思路：第一段提到，支持者认为AI可以自动化繁琐任务、提高生产力、解决复杂问题，从而显著提高人类生活质量。选项A（自动化繁琐任务、提高生产力、解决复杂问题）概括了文中提到的潜在好处。12.B*解析思路：第二段提到的主要社会挑战包括：一是“thepotentialdisplacementofhumanworkers”（人类工人的潜在失业）；二是“thedevelopmentofautonomousweaponssystemsraisesethicaldilemmas”（自主武器系统的发展引发伦理困境）。选项B（人类工人的潜在失业以及自主武器系统发展引发的伦理困境）概括了文中提到的两个主要社会挑战。13.E*解析思路：第三段解释了偏差如何引入AI：“AIsystemsaretrainedondata,andifthisdataisbiase