新思路大学英语综合教程第三册（第三版）（数字教材版）课件 Unit 7 Nature and Disaster Section B

Lead-inPart

1Andwhatcouldwedoaboutit?DiscussthesequestionsafterwatchingavideoVideo:Man

Isthebalancebetweentheenvironment,equity,andeconomy.Itisbasedonasimpleprinciple:everythingthatweneedforoursurvivalandwell-beingdepends,eitherdirectlyorindirectly,onournaturalenvironment.Topursuesustainabilityistocreateandmaintaintheconditionsunderwhichhumansandnaturecanexistinharmonytosupportpresentandfuturegenerations.SustainabilityBackgroundInformationPart

21.theCOVID-19pandemicCoronavirusdisease(COVID-19)isaninfectiousdiseasecausedbytheSARS-CoV-2virus.Mostpeopleinfectedwiththeviruswillexperiencemildtomoderaterespiratoryillnessandrecoverwithoutrequiringspecialtreatment.However,somewillbecomeseriouslyillandrequiremedicalattention.2.theOmicronvariantTheOmicronvariantspreadsmoreeasilythanearliervariantsofthevirusthatcauseCOVID-19,includingtheDeltavariant.CDCexpectsthatanyonewithOmicroninfection,regardlessofvaccinationstatusorwhetherornottheyhavesymptoms,canspreadthevirustoothers.TextAnalysisPart

3MainideaofTextBTextBisanarticlechosenfromNature,focusingonsustainabilityandsustainabledevelopment,coveringthethreatsandcrisespeopleface,theapproachesandactionstaken,andwhatcouldbedoneinthefuture.Asreaders,wecometoseetheeffortswemadeandgainsweachieveundertheprincipleofsustainabledevelopment.TextStructureInparagraphs1to3:

Inparagraphs4through6:Inparagraphs7through8:TextStructureTextWordsParagraphs1to3:Paragraphs4through6:Paragraphs7through8:TextStructureThearticlefirstmentionsmultipleworld-widecrisesposedbythepandemic,extremeweatherslikefloods,firesandcyclones;thentheendlesseffortsmadeoncontrollingthespreadofpandemic,reducingtheuseoffossilfuels,protectingbiodiversity;thenmostimportantly,thecallingforcollaboration.DetailedStudyoftheTextPart

4Theplan,alreadyofftrackbeforethepandemic,hasbeenallbutderailedbyCOVID-19.(Para.2)Theplan,whichisalreadyofftrackbeforethepandemic,hasalmostcomeoffthetrackbytheoutbreakofCOVID-19.offtrack:awayfromone'sobjective,trainofthought,orasequenceofevents偏离轨道e.g.Theyunderstandthatthecountryisofftrack.他们知道这个国家偏离了轨道。Myguessisthatthinkingintermsofonelabormarketputsyouofftrack.我以为从单一劳动市场的角度思考会使你偏离正题。Thiswillsimplycausethespeakertogetofftrackortobecomefrustrated.这就会使说话者偏离轨道或者受挫derail:vt.Toderailsomethingsuchasaplanoraseriesofnegotiationsmeanstopreventitfromcontinuingasplanned.打乱(原定计划)e.g.Thepresentwaveofpoliticalkillingsistheworkofpeopletryingtoderailpeacetalks.现在的政治谋杀浪潮是那些试图破坏和平谈判进程的人所为。Thislatestincidentcouldderailthepeaceprocess.最近这个事件可能会扰乱和平进程。derail:2)vi.Ifatrainisderailedorifitderails,itcomesoffthetrackonwhichitisrunning.脱轨e.g.Atleastsixpeoplewerekilledandabouttwentyinjuredwhenatrainwasderailedinanisolatedmountainregion.火车在一片偏僻的山区脱轨，导致至少六人死亡，约二十人受伤。Thetrainderailedandplungedintotheriver.火车脱轨栽进了河里2.setback(Para.3)[C/U]Asetbackisaneventthatdelaysyourprogressorreversessomeoftheprogressthatyouhavemade.挫折;倒退e.g.ThemoverepresentsasetbackfortheMiddleEastpeaceprocess.此举意味着中东和平进程的倒退。Theteamsufferedamajorsetbackwhentheirbestplayerwasinjured.最优秀的队员受了伤，使得这支队伍的实力大打折扣。3.Butattemptstofeedscienceintopolicyhavecomeupagainststrongbarriers.(Para.3)Butattemptstocombinesciencewithpolicymakinghavemetstrongbarriers.feedinto：tohaveaninfluenceonthedevelopmentofsth对…...的发展产生影响e.g.ThemoverepresentsasetbackfortheMiddleEastpeaceprocess.此举意味着中东和平进程的倒退。Theteamsufferedamajorsetbackwhentheirbestplayerwasinjured.最优秀的队员受了伤，使得这支队伍的实力大打折扣。comeupagainst:Ifyoucomeupagainstaproblemordifficulty,youarefacedwithitandhavetodealwithit.面临e.g.Wecameupagainstagreatdealofresistanceindealingwiththecase.我们在处理该案件时碰到了很多阻力。It'sherethatwecomeupagainstthedifferenceofapproach.正是在这一点上我们遇到方法上的分歧。4.phasedown(Para.4)toreducethesizeoramountbyphases逐步减少e.g.Theplantophasedownenvironmentalpollutionisprogressingsuccessfully.逐步减少环境污染的计划正在顺利进行。5.implementation(Para.5)[U]theactofimplementing(providingapracticalmeansforaccomplishingsomething);carryingintoeffect实施e.g.VerylittlehasbeenachievedintheimplementationofthepeaceagreementsignedlastJanuary.去年1月份签署的和平协议的执行几乎没有什么进展。Theeconomicdevelopmenttheoryisinadequatetoexplaincertainhistoricalfactsabouttheimplementationofwomen'ssuffrage.经济发展理论不足以解释关于妇女投票权实施的某些历史事实。6.navigate(Para.7)vt.&vi.1)tofindtherightwaytodealwithadifficultorcomplicatedsituation找到正确方法（对付困难复杂的情况）e.g.Wenexthadtonavigateacomplexnetworkofcommittees.我们下一步必须设法使各级委员会予以通过

navigate2)Whensomeonenavigatesashiporanaircraftsomewhere,theydecidewhichcoursetofollowandsteeritthere.给(船或飞机)导航e.g.CaptainCookwasresponsibleforsafelynavigatinghisshipwithoutaccidentfor100voyages.库克船长负责了安全导航他的船，百次航行无事故。Thepurposeofthevisitwastonavigateintoanice-filledfiord.这次访问的目的是为驶入一个冰雪覆盖的峡湾导航。CulturalNotesPart

51.Net-zero(Para.5)Netzeroreferstoastateinwhichthegreenhousegasesgoingintotheatmospherearebalancedbyremovaloutoftheatmosphere.Thetermnetzeroisimportantbecause–forCO2atleast–thisisthestateatwhichglobalwarmingstops.TheParisAgreementunderlinestheneedfornetzero,requiringstatesto“achieveabalancebetweenanthropogenicemissionsbysourcesandremovalsbysinksofgreenhousegasesinthesecondhalfofthiscentury.”2.UNClimateChangeConferenceoftheParties(Para.4)AfterreachingtheParisAgreement,governmentsfromaroundtheworldwillgatherattheannualUNClimateChangeConferencealongwithrepresentativesofcities,states,companiesandcivilsocietyorganizationstoadvancetheimplementationofthisvitalaccord.InParis,countriesagreedtocutgreenhousegasemissionsinordertokeeptheincreaseinglobalaveragetemperaturethiscenturywellbelow2℃comparedtopre-industriallevels,andascloseto1.5℃aspossible.Reading

Skills—ReorganizingOrganizationalPatterns–Cause-effectPatternCauseandeffectisacommonwaytoorganizeinformationinatext.Paragraphsstructuredascauseandeffectexplainreasonswhysomethinghappenedortheeffectsofsomething.Theseparagraphscanbeorderedascausesandeffectsoraseffectsandthencauses.Thecauseandeffecttextstructureisgenerallyusedinexpositoryandpersuasivewritingmodes.ExercisesPart

6Selectoneortwoexamplesofthecause-effectpatternsshowninthearticle,orintheparagraphbelow;andexplainthelogiclinktoyourclassmate.Forexample,youcouldanalyzetherelationshipbetweeneachsentence,andthefunctionoftheconnectivesusedtostressthecauseandeffectpatter,suchas“because,so,for…”TimetopracticeExample:Manypeoplethinkthattheycangetsickbygoingintocoldweatherimproperlydressed;however,illnessesarenotcausedbytemperature—theyarecausedbygerms.Sowhileshiveringoutsideinthecoldprobablywon’tstrengthenyourimmunesystem,you’remorelikelytocontractanillnessindoors,becauseyouwillhaveagreaterexposuretogerms.Directions:Workingroupsanddiscussthetheme-basedquestionstoimproveyourcriticalthinking.Inrecentdecades,elevatedawarenessoftheimpactsofpesticideuseontheenvironmentandhumanhealthhaveresultedineffortstoreducerelianceonchemicalcontrols.Manycountrieshaveinstitutedmorestringentregulationofpesticidemanufacture,registrationanduse,therebyincreasingthecost,anddecreasingtheavailabilityofthesetools...Task1:

CriticalThinkingTask1:CriticalThinkingTheadvantageofbiologicalcontrolincontrasttochemicalmethodsisthatitprovidesarelativelylow-cost,perpetualcontrolsystemwithaminimumofdetrimentalside-effects.Onthecontrary,theimpactsofpesticideuseontheenvironmentandhumanhealthcouldlastforlong.Andthepeststhemselveshavebeenresistanttomosttypesofpesticide,nowacommonrealityinmanyweeds,insectsanddiseases.1.Whyisbiologicalcontrolmoreenvironmental-friendly?Task1:CriticalThinkingTherearethreegeneralapproachestobiologicalcontrol;importation,augmentationandconservationofnaturalenemies.Eachofthesetechniquescanbeusedeitheraloneorincombinationinabiologicalcontrolprogram.2.Whatarebiologicalcontrol’sthreemainapproaches?Directions:Followthestepsbelowandtryyourhandatwritinganargumentativeparagraphusingthecauseandeffectpattern.Task2:UnitProject—WriteanargumentativeessayusingthecauseandeffectpatternStep1:Brainstormtopicstocomeupwithideas.Getstartedbrainstormingtopicsrightaway—theobjectiveofbrainstormingistogenerateasmanyideasaspossiblebeforewriting.Brainstorminghelpsyouthinkcreativelyaboutacauseandeffecttopicinordertocomeupwithsomethingthatyoutrulywanttowriteabout.Don'tgetcaughtwritingaboutatopicthatdoesn'tinterestyoubecauseyoudidn'ttakethetimetobrainstorm.Whenbrainstormingforcauseandeffectessaysspecifically,besuretothinkofbothreasonsandresults.Followeachideafromitscausetoitseffecttomakesurethatyourargumentsarewell-foundedsothatyoudon'twastetimeonideasthatwon'tgoanywhere.Step2:DraftathesisstatementThethesisstatementwillestablishthefocusforyourpaper.Inacauseandeffectessay,yourthesisshouldletreadersknowifyou’rewritingaboutcauses,effects,orboth.Checkoutthesefollowingexamples.Thesisstatementsaboutobesitymightlooklikeoneofthese.Step3:OrganizeevidenceIfyoustartwritingwithajumbledmessofthoughtsinyourhead,yourpaperislikelygoingtoendupajumbledmess.Organizeyourideasbystartingwithasimplechartlikethis.It’saquickwaytolistinformationbeforeyouactuallybeginwritingTask2:UnitProject—WriteanargumentativeEssayUsingtheCauseandEffectPatternTask2:UnitProject—WriteanargumentativeessayusingthecauseandeffectpatternStep3:OrganizeevidenceYoumaynotendupusingallofthecausesandeffectslistedinyourchart.Butbylistingasmanyasyoucanthinkof,you’llbeabletochoosethebestoptionsforyourpaper.Task2:UnitProject—WriteanargumentativeessayusingthecauseandeffectpatternStep4:UsetransitionsReadersneedtobeabletoseehowyou’reconnectingideas.Movefromoneideatothenextbyusingtherighttransitionsandtransitionsentences.Choosetherightlanguage.Thereareseverallanguageformulasthatcaneffectivelyshowcauseandeffectrelationships,sotakethetimetochoosethebestonesforyourpiece.Asalways,varyyoursentencestructuresforasmootherreadanduseplentyofevidencetowriteaconvincingessay,thentrysomeofthesephrasestotakeyourcauseandeffectargumentstothenextlevel.……Awritingexample:DoesInternetdomoreharmthangood?Tothemajorityofteenagersandworkingadults,theInternethasbeenregardedasoneofthemostinnovativeachievementsofhumankind.SincetheinventionoftheInternet,itspervasiveandlife-alteringinfluencescanbefeltinmanyaspectsofpeople’sdailylives….Task2:UnitProject—WriteanargumentativeEssayUsingtheCauseandEffectPattern(ScantheQRCodeforMoreExamples)FurtherLearningPart

7Tolearnmore,scantheQRcodesbelow.WildlifeConservation.2.SustainableDevelopment.

Micro-classYESNOraisetheawarenessoftheimportanceforprotectingtheenvironmentandbiodiversityunderstandtheideaofsustainabledevelopmentgraspthereadingskillforreadingthecause-effectpatternacquiretheskillsofusingthecause-effectpatternintheirwritingSELF-TEST

EvaluationFurtherReferenceResources1.RoleofKeystoneSpeciesinanEcosystem/article/role-keystone-species-ecosystem/12th-grade/2.Predators/article/role-keyst