2026届高职高考英语复习 语法 第三章 主谓一致 课件

第三章主谓一致【复习要求】识记并列句和从句中的主谓一致原则。【知识要点】主谓一致是指主语的人称和单复数形式决定谓语动词的单复数形式。1.谓语动词要与主语的人称和数一致。如:Iamseventeen,andsheissixteen.Thereisadeskintheroom.Johngetsupat6:00everymorning.Theyhavenotcomeyet.Nobodyknowswhoisgoingtowinthecompetition.没有人知道谁会赢得比赛。WhatisthelatestnewsabouttheOlympicGames?有关奥运会最新的消息是什么?2.and连接的两个单数名词、短语或句子作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。如:MymotherandIhaveseenthefilm.我和妈妈已经看过这部电影。Whathesaidandwhathedidwerealwaysdifferent.他说的和做的总是不一样。RiceandwheataregrowninthispartofChina.中国这一部分地区种植大米与小麦。注意:(1)由and连接的主语前分别有each,every,no,manya等修饰语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Everymanandeverywomanisbusyworking.每个人都在忙着工作。Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.一点声音都没有。(2)由and连接的两个名词在意义上表示同一人或物或者由两个部件配成的物品时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:Theworkerandwriterhaswrittenanewnovel.(指一个人)

这位工人兼作家已写了一本新小说。ThenovelistandthepoetaregoingtoEuropenextmonth.(指两个人)

这位小说家和这位诗人下个月一起去欧洲。Onemoreknifeandforkisneeded.还需要一副刀叉。Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.战争与和平是历史上一个永恒的主题。3.不定代词anyone,anybody,anything,everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,something,noone,nobody,nothing,each,other,others,theother等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:Isanybodygoingtotellhimthenews?有人准备告诉他这消息吗?Everythingisready.一切都准备好了。Someoneiswaitingforyouattheschoolgate.有人在学校门口等你。4.neither和none可用作单数,也可用作复数,主要根据说话人的意思决定,但是代表不可数名词时,只作单数。如:Neitherofushas/havebeenabroad.我们谁都没出过国。Noneofthismoneyismine.这些钱都不是我的。5.当主语与谓语动词之间插入alongwith,with,aswellas,togetherwith,like,nolessthan,rather

than,over,besides,except,but,including,in

additionto等短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰,依然和在这些插入语前面的主语保持一致(即舍近求远原则)。如:Theteacherwithtwostudentswasatthemeeting.那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。6.成双成对出现的复数名词glasses,scissors,clothes,shoes,trousers,gloves,stockings,goods等作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。如:TheseglassesaremadeinChina.这些眼镜是中国制造的。但如果这些词的量词前面有冠词a和the修饰时,谓语动词要用单数。如:Apairofscissorsisausefultoolforadressmaker.剪刀是裁缝的实用工具。7.由并列结构或连词(either...or...,neither...nor...,not...but...,notonly...butalso...,...or...等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与邻近的那个名词或代词保持一致。如:NotonlymyhusbandbutalsoIamfondoftheWorldCup.不仅我丈夫(喜欢),我也喜欢看世界杯。NeitherhisparentsnorTomisathome.汤姆和他的父母都不在家。8.在倒装句和therebe句型中,谓语动词与它后面的第一个主语保持一致。如:Thereisabookandsomepensonthedesk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。Nowcomesyourturn.现在轮到你了。9.在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,从句谓语动词应与关系词所指代的先行词保持一致。如:Iknowthemanwhoistalkingtomyfather.我认识正跟我父亲说话的那个人。注意:在“oneof+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的定语从句结构中,从句谓语动词用复数。但当oneof之前有theonly,thefirst等词表示特指时,从句谓语动词用单数形式。如:Jimisoneofthestudentsinherclasswhoarepraisedbytheirteacher.吉姆是被老师表扬的学生之一。Jimwastheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbyourteacher.吉姆是唯一被老师表扬的学生。10.表示不定数量的词all,none,any,some,the

rest,most,half等作主语时,应根据具体表达的意思来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。如:AllIknowaboutthiscompanyiswhathetoldmeyesterday.我对这家公司了解的都是昨天他告诉我的。Allisright.一切顺利。Allarepresent.人都到齐了。11.“分数或百分数+(of)+名词”及alotof,lotsof,plentyof,partof+名词构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词与短语of后面的名词保持一致。如:80%ofcottonhasbeensenttoAmerica.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。Halfoftheapplesarered.有一半的苹果是红的。12.“anumberof(大量的)+可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;但“thenumberof(……的数量)+可数名词复数”的结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:Anumberofancientbuildingsweredestroyedinthewar.大量的古代建筑在战争中被毁坏了。Thenumberofthevisitorshasdecreasedthisyear.今年游客的数量减少了。13.英语的集体名词(如:family,group,party,team,class,club,army,enemy,government

等)指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”时则为复数。如:MyfamilywasverypoorwhenIwasalittlegirl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候,我家很穷。Myfamilyarealllookingforwardtoseeingyousoon.我的家人们都在期待着早点见到你。注意:表示总称的名词police,people,clothes,cattle(牛)等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。14.“the+形容词(或过去分词)”表示“一类人”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Thepoorwerenotabletobuyhousestolivein.穷人买不起房子住。15.主语从句、不定式短语、动名词短语以及表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等概念的词作主语时,视为整体看待,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.电视看得太多对健康有害。Whentoleavehasnotbeendecided.什么时候离开还没有定下来。Tenminutesisenough.十分钟足够了。Sixtyyearsisalongtime.60年是一段很长的时间。【例题解析】(

)1.NeitherBillnorhisparents

athomeyesterdayevening.

A.were

B.are

C.was

D.is【答案】A【解析】由并列结构neither...nor...连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。(

)2.

Chinese

JapaneseareAsians.

A.Both;and

B.Neither;nor

C.Neither;or

D.Either;or【答案】A【解析】主语由Both...and...连接时,谓语用复数形式;由并列结构either...or...,neither...nor...连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。(

)3.About

oftheteachersinourschool

youngpeople.

A.two⁃five;are B.second⁃fifth;is C.two⁃fifths;are D.two⁃fifths;is【答案】C【解析】“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词与短语of后面的名词保持一致。(

)4.He,likeyouandXiaoLi,

totheEnglishparty.

A.wasinvited

B.were

invitedtogo

C.areinviting D.istoinvite【答案】A【解析】当主语与谓语动词之间插入like短语时,谓语动词不受插入语的干扰,依然和插入语前面的主语保持一致(舍近求远原则)。(

)5.SheisaLeaguememberandoften

gooddeedsforus.

A.do

B.does

C.doing

D.done

【答案】B【解析】and连接两个谓语,所以第二个谓语的单复数必须与主语She一致。【同步精练】(

)1.MissChenoften

usEnglishontheradio.

A.teaches

B.taught

C.willteach D.hadtaught【答案】A【解析】主语为第三人称单数,而且在一般现在时态的句子中,谓语动词要用单数。(

)2.Thatplaceisnotinterestingatall.

ofuswantstogothere.

A.Neither

B.Both

C.All

D.Some【答案】A【解析】many用于修饰可数名词的复数形式。(

)3.Maths

myfavoritesubject.

A.be B.is C.am

D.are【答案】C【解析】该题主语maths是学科名词,看成是第三人称单数。(

)4.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn

therewhenthemeetingbegan.

A.are

B.is

C.were

D.was【答案】D【解析】该题主语是everyone,是第三人称单数,所以谓语要用单数形式;从句中的谓语动词是过去时,所以主句中的谓语动词也要用过去时。(

)5.Theboywiththetwodogs

whentheearthquakerockedthecity.

A.weresleeping B.issleeping

C.wassleeping

D.are

asleep【答案】C【解析】该题的主语是theboy,是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词要用单数形式;从句中的谓语动词是过去时,所以主句中的谓语动词也要用过去时。(

)6.Sorry,wealreadyhavefourpeopleinthecar.There

forthebox.

A.isalittleroom B.arenorooms C.isnoroom D.arefewrooms【答案】C【解析】在therebe句型中,be动词用单数还是复数,要根据它后面的主语是单数还是复数来定。该题中room(空间)是一个不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。(

)7.Seventypercentofthestudentshere

fromthecountryside.

A.is

B.are

C.comes

D.hascome【答案】B【解析】百分数作主语时,谓语动词是用单数还是复数由百分比后面的名词来决定。若是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数;若是可数名词,则用复数。(

)8.Thosewho

in

compositions,pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.

A.hasn’thanded;his

B.haven’thanded;their

C.has

handed;their

D.have

handed;his【答案】B【解析】该句中who引导的是一个定语从句,指代它前面的先行词。该先行词those是复数,所以从句的谓语动词也要用复数。(

)9.Mr.Zhangisoneoftheteachersinourschoolwho

bystudents.

A.arerespected B.isrespected

C.respected

D.isrespecting【答案】A【解析】该题who引导的定语从句中,先行词是oneof+可数名词复数,所以从句的谓语动词要用复数。“受学生尊敬”,所以要用被动语态。(

)10.Nobody

tosmokeinthecinema.

A.allows

B.allow C.isallowed

D.are

allowed【答案】C【解析】主语nobody是第三人称单数。“没有人被允许在电影院抽烟。”所以谓语动词要用单数和被动语态的形式。(

)11.Therestofthemagazines

withinhalfanhour.

A.issoldout

B.are

soldout

C.wassoldout

D.were

soldout【答案】D【解析】“therestof+名词”作主语时,如果名词是可数名词,那么谓语动词用复数;如果名词是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数。(

)12.Alargenumberofthestudentsinourclass

girls.

A.are

B.were

C.is

D.was【答案】A【解析】“anumberof+可数名词的复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。(

)13.Thenumberofstudentsofthisschool

large.

A.are

B.were

C.isn’t D.aren’t【答案】C【解析】“thenumberof+可数名词的复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。(

)14.I,who

yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourstudy.

A.be B.am

C.are

D.is【答案】B【解析】who是定语从句的引导词,代指先行词I,所以谓语动词用am。(

)15.Therich

notalwayshappy.

A.are

B.is

C.has

D.have【答案】A【解析】“the+形容词”指一类人,是复数,所以谓语动词要用复数的形式。(

)16.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho

beenelected.

A.are

B.have

C.has

D.is【答案】C【解析】“theonlyoneofthe+可数名词的复数”作先行词,who作定语从句的引导词时,从句中的谓语动词用单数。(

)17.Thepolice

forthemurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.

A.issearching

B.weresearching

C.aresearching

D.was

searching【答案】B【解析】police是复数,作主语时,谓语动词要用复数的形式。该题考的是句型:were+V⁃ing...when+主语+动词的过去式。(

)18.100million

alotofmoney.

A.dollaris

B.dollarsare

C.dollarsis

D.dollar

are【答案】C【解析】“100million”作主语时,后面的名词用复数,谓语动词用单数。(

)19.EitheryouorI

goingtotheteachers’officeafterclass.

A.am B.is

C.are

D.be【答案】A【解析】“either...or...”作主语时,遵循“就近原则”,即谓语动词用单数还是复数要以or后面的名词或代词来确定,or后面的名词或代词如果是单数,谓语动词就用单数;如果是复数,则谓语动词用复数。(

)20.Theclass

big.Nowtheclass

practicingswimming.

A.are;are

B.are;is

C.is;is

D.is;are【答案】D【解析】class作主语时,指物是“班级”,谓语动词用单数;指人是指“班级的同学”,谓语动词用复数。(

)21.Thepaperforbooksandnewspapers

madeofwood.

A.are

B.is

C.has

D.have【答案】B【解析】paper表示“纸”时,是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。(

)22.Here

anewpairofshoesforyou.

A.is

B.are

C.have

D.has【答案】A【解析】here放在句首,句子要倒装,谓语要放在主语的前面。该句的主语是anewpairofshoes,所以谓语动词用单数。(

)23.Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother

toattendtheeveningpartytomorrow.

A.aregoing

B.are

C.isgoing D.have【答案】C【解析】“either...or...”作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。(

)24.NeithermyfathernorI

athome.

A.am B.is

C.are

D.be【答案】A【解析】“neither...nor...”作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。(

)25.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary

tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.

A.is

B.are

C.am

D.be【答案】B【解析