中考初中定语从句专题讲解学案

中考初中定语从句专题讲解学案定语从句一、定语的概念：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如：(先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语)abeautifulgirl （） ashoefactory （）Jim’sfather()ourteacher()themaninthecar（） themanstandingatthedoor （） themanwhoistalkingwithSam（）二、定语从句的定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分三、定语从句的基本用法：（一）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who

指人，在定语从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。分析：先行词theboys在从句中作主语。Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.

想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。

YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.

昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。

Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.

那就是教我们物理的老师。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Youneedn’ttalktothepeoplewhoyoudon’tliketalkingto.分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。2．whom

指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.

刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.

李明正是我想要见的男孩。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.

你正在等的教授已经来了。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。

注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。

Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3.whose

通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

译成汉语：_________________________________分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Ilostthebookwhosecoverwasblue.我把那本封面是蓝色的书弄丢了。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacethesouth.译成汉语:_________________________注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.＝Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?＝Doyoulikethebookthecoverofwhichisyellow?

自己总结一下：在定语从句中，whose+名词＝___________________________4．which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.

足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.

制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.

译成汉语:____________________分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thehousewhichisbythelakelooksnice.

湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.

译成汉语：___________________________分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thefilm(which)theywenttoseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.

他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。5．that引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.

每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?

我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thepersonthat//youintroducedtomeisverykind.

你介绍给我的那个人很友好。Theseasonthat/comesafterspringissummer.

春天以后的季节是夏季。YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/_______camefromAustralia.

昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。(二)关系副词引导的定语从句1．

when

指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。常可以用in/on/at+which代替。

IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.

我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。

分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.

我们团聚的时刻终于到了。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。October1,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.

1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。把这个句子改成两个简单句：______________________________________________________________________________________分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。

Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents.

你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？把这个句子改成两个简单句：______________________________________________________________________________________分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。2.where

指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。常可用in/on/atwhich代替。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.

上海是我出生的城市。把这个句子改成两个简单句：______________________________________________________________________________________分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.

我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。把这个句子改成两个简单句：______________________________________________________________________________________分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.

我参观了那个饲养了许多奶牛的农场。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Isthistheplacewheretheyfoughttheenemy?

这是他们当初打敌人的地方吗？分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。注意：当先行词是situation,occasion,point时，且又在从句中作状语时，常用where来引导定语从句。Sometimesyouwillfindyourselfinasituationwhereyoufeltveryembarrassed（尴尬）.Hehasreachedapointwherenobodycancomparewithhim.3.why

指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。常可用forwhich来代替。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

请告诉我你误机的原因。分析：先行词__________引导词在从句中作________。Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.

他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.

译成汉语：____________________

注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。如：

Fromtheyearswhen(=______________)hewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.

自从他在农村读小学时，他就已经知道长大后要做什么。Iwillneverforgetthemomentwhen(=______________)theblindstudentsmovedus.

Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere(=______________)theylive.

他们生活的城市正发生巨大的变化。

Thereasonwhy(=______________)herefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.

他为什么拒绝接受邀请的原因是十分明了的。四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句注意：在非限制性定语从句中，有时which所指代的先行词是前面的整个句子。XiaoLicametoseemeoff,whichwasverykindofher.Hedidn’tpasstheexam,whichsurprisedus.五．定语从句考查重点：（一）定语从句在下列情况下只能用that，而不能用which指物。（指人时可以用who/whom）1.当先行词被形容词最高级或者序数词修饰时。TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknow.ThisisthefirstfilmthatIhaveseensinceIcamehere.2.当先行词是不定代词everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some,much等代词时，或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时。Ihavereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.Thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.3.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast修饰时。Itisthelastlessonthatwewilllearn.Thisistheverybookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary.4.当先行词是who,或which引导的主句时。Whothatbrokethewindowshouldbepunished.Whichisthemachinethatweusedyesterday.5.当先行词为人与动物或人与物时。Ihaveneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.(二)不用that的情况(1)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.(2)介词后不能用。Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.（三）关系代词的省略：Thefactorywevisitedyesterdaywasreallyold.(请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置)ThemanyoujusttalkedtowasmyEnglishteacher.(请将省略的关系代词补充在正确的位置)当关系代词在从句中作_________时可以省略。（四）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.＝Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

他曾经就读过的学校很出名。Thisistheboy(whom/who/that)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.＝Thisistheboy________________Iplayedtennisyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/who/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.＝We’llgotohearthefamoussinger________________wehaveoftentalked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。注意：１．含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。３．“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。（四）当先行词被oneof修饰时，若oneof前有theonly，则从句的谓语动词用单数，没有的话则用复数。Heisoneofthestudentswho________neverlate.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________neverlate.（五）先行词是时间却不用when引导，先行词是地点却不用where引导，先行词是原因却不用why引导。Iwillneverforgetthedays________weclimbedthemountaintogether.Iwillneverforgetthedays________wespenttogether.Wevisitedthehouse_______LuXunusedtolive.Wevisitedthehouse_______LuXunusedtolivein.Thisisthereason_______hewasunhappy.

Thisisthereason_______heexplainedtome.（六）当先行词被such,thesame修饰时，关系词常用as。thesame…as；such…as中的as是一种固定结构,和……一样……。Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).（七）以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。如：Theway________heansweredthequestionswassurprising.他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。Idon’tliketheway______________youlaughather.

我不喜欢你嘲笑她的样子。练习一()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningtoC.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthat D.ineverything()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.where B.inwhich C.which D.inthat()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.that B.what C.which D.who()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whose B.who’sC.it's D.its()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?A.whatIneedB.Ineed C.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that 练习二1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.

A.which

B.what

C.as

D.those2.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.

A.that

B.where

C.inwhich

D.inthat

3.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.

A.allwhich

B.that

C.allthat

D.which4.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.

A.whose

B.ofwhich

C.inwhich

D.onwhich5.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.

A.as

B.that

C.which

D.what6.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.

A.which

B.it

C.that

D.what7.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist____wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.

A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.that8.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.

A.whoissinging

B.issinging

C.sang

D.wassinging9.Those_______notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.

A.learn

B.who

C.thatlearns

D.wholearn10.Didn’tyouseetheman________?

A.Inoddedjustnow

B.whomInoddedjustnow

C.Inoddedtohimjustnow

D.Inoddedtojustnow11.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?

A.thatyoutalked

B.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwith

D.youtalkedabout12.Isthereanything_______toyou?

A.thatisbelonged

B.thatbelongs

C.thatbelong

D.whichbelongs13.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?”----“It’squitedifferentfrom_______Ireadlastmonth.”

A.that

B.which

C.theone

D.theonewhat14.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_______whohadalreadytakenthem.

A.theones

B.ones

C.some

D.theothers15.Thetrain_______shewastravellingwaslate.

A.which

B.where

C.onwhich

D.inthat16.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_______thepapersarekept.

A.where

B.inwhich

C.underwhich

D.which17.Antarctic（南极）_______weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.

A.which

B.where

C.that

D.aboutwhich18.Maythefourthistheday______weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.

A.which

B.when

C.onwhich

D.aboutwhich19.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,_______livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.

A.which

B.that

C.who

D.where20.Thehotel_______duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.

A.westayedat

B.wherewestayedat

C.westayed

D.inthatwestayed练习三1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_____hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen课后练习参考答案及解析1.A.which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2．C."和谁讲话”要说speaktosb.本题全句应为DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3.D.where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4.C.when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5．A.which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6．C.解析同第5题。7.A.解析见第3题。8.A.本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则theone应该视为先行词。9.A.“谈到某事物”应说talkaboutsth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10.A.withwhich是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定语从句中作状语,即heiswritingwithapen.11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在从句中作状语.12.D.withwhom引导定语从句.withwhom放在从句中即为:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.13.D.whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.14.A.that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15.D.thesame……..as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16.D.such………as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17.B.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定语从句.withwhom放在从句中为:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.19.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用sucha……..,本题中suchbooks,such直接修饰复数名词.20.B.things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.21.D.who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.23.D.先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为,whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句whocoulddoit.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.24.A.whosetitle引导非限制性定语从句,whosetitle也可以说成thetitleofwhich25.A.forwhich引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语befamousfor"以……..而闻名".26.C.当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as.As在本从句中作主语.27.A.两个先行词theday都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when.第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.28.D.在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in(或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。29.D.forwhich在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why来替代.30.B.whichIhavelookedafter构成一个非限制性定语从句.31.A.Thereasonwhy…wasthat….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有“因为”的含义。32.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.33.A.解释见28题.34.D.主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B.bothofwhich用来引导非限制性定语从句.35.C.as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.36.B.非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.37.D.38.D.解析见35题.39.A.hemakes是定语从句,从句前省略了关系代词that.40.B.whichisabadhabit非限制性定语从句.41.A.whathappened是宾语从句.all之后thatheknew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.42.D.years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.43.C.本句话的定语从句是whoowncars.其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是Thenumberof指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。44.D.thatfollowed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。45.A.先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。46.B.throughwhich引导定语从句，throughwhich即throughthehole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。47.B.为便于理解，改写本句话：ThisistheschoolthatsomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek.不难看出，作表语的theschool是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。48.A.解释见35题。49.C.因为是twoballpens,并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。50.B.本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的hasbeen。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。二、英语书面表达专项训练2．书面表达你即将升入高中，面临寄宿（aboardingschool)和走读（adayschool)两类学校的选择。请你以“Aboardingschooloradayschool”为题。写一篇短文，内容须包括：读寄宿学校的利和弊；读走读学校的利和弊；你的选择和理由（不得与上述两点内容重复）。注意：1.词数;100词左右（文章开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；2.文中不得出现真实姓名、校名等信息；3.文章必须包含提示中的所有信息，并按要求适当发挥。AhoardingschooloradayschoolWearegoingtograduatefromourmiddleschool,__________________________________【答案】Wearegoingtograduatefromourmiddleschools,andwewillmakeachoicetoenteraboardingschooloradayschool.Bothkindsofschoolhavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.Ifwechooseaboardingschool,wewillsavetimetostudy.However,wemayhavelesstimetostaywithourfamily.Ifwechooseadayschool,parentscanknowmoreaboutourstudies.AtthesametimecomputergamesandTVplaysmaymakeabadinfluenceonus.Asforme,Ipreferaboardingschool.Weshouldpayattentiontoourstudiestogetgoodgradesinthehighschool.【解析】【分析】整体分析：这是一篇给材料作文。可以分三段写。第一段要写总体交代你即将升入高中，面临寄宿（aboardingschool)和走读（adayschool)两类学校的选择。第二段要写详细叙述读寄宿学校的利弊；读走读学校的利弊。第三段要表述作者自己的选择和理由。【详解】写作之前要1.审清题目，看看有哪些要求？哪些时态？人称？2.确定文章类型，记叙文？说明文？议论文？看图？还是应用文？3.确定时态，单一还是混合。4.写下关键词、短语、句型。5.列出提纲和段落，并运用适当的句型和过渡词衔接。6.根据提纲和段落结构句型及关键词句完成文章。写完后反复阅读修改推敲润色，人称、时态、单复数一致等。运用自然过渡法和自然衔接法来是文章更为地道、通顺、纯正。用的短语、句型：bothkindsof、Ifwechooseaboardingschool、Atthesametime、Asforme,Ipreferaboardingschool、payattentionto、来增加了文章的亮点。【点睛】这类作文的写作方法要注意认真审题，注意过渡性语言的使用。做到：要点要全，表达要清晰明确，使用短语，句型要准确，注意避免拼写和语法错误。3．同学们，初中生活即将结束，本次考试后，盼望已久的假期就要到来！请你根据以下提示，制定出度假计划，可以结合自己的实际发挥。写作内容：1.和家长/同学一起旅游，享受大自然的美景，放松心情。2.参加志愿活动，帮家长做家务。3.读自己喜欢的书。4.远离危险的地方。写作要求：1.80词左右，开头部分已给出，但不计入规定字数。2.内容合理；要点齐全；句子及篇章结构正确、连贯；书写规范。3.不得出现自己的校名和自己的姓名等个人信息。Myjuniorhighschoolyearsarecomingtoanend.Thesummerholidayisontheway.Herearemyplansforthelongexcitingholidays.【答案】Myjuniorhighschoolyearsarecomingtoanend.Thesummerholidayisontheway.Herearemyplansforthelongexcitingholidays.BecauseIhaveabusylifeinschooldays,Iwillgetclosetonatureandrelaxmyselfwithmyparents.Iwillvolunteertodosomethingforothers.Iwillstaywithmyparentsandhelpmyparentstodosomehouseworkinmyfree.Iwillalsoreadeverymorning.Fromthebooks,Icangetmoreknowledgetofulfillmyself.Ialsodecidetohaveagoodsleepduringthevacation.Idecidetotakepartinsomesocialactivitiesinordertoknowabouttherealsociety.Iwillstayawayfromdangerousplaces.Besides,Iwillkeepadiaryandthentakeittoschoolforsharingwithmyclassmates.I'msureI'llhaveaninterestingandmeaningfulsummerholiday.【解析】试题分析：短文要制定出度假计划，文章需要用第一人称“I”进行书写，不可使用“we/you”等其他人称。文章主要内容为计划的书写，主要使用一般将来时态。所写的句子要符合英语语法，不能遗漏要点。写作亮点：短文用了一些短语和句式，如：cometoanend结束；ontheway在途中；getclosetonature亲近大自然；volunteertodosomething自愿做某事；helpsbtodosth帮助某人做某事；takepartinsth参加活动。用了一些衔接词besides等，句子过度自然。用了because引导的原因状语从句，增加了文章的亮点。考点：考查提纲作文。4．为提升南京城市形象，我市已启动老小区出新改造工程。假设你是Tim，请根据下面表格内容的提示，用英文向你的外国笔友Jack做简单的介绍。PurposeimprovetheenvironmentChangestopeople‟slifebeautifulbuildings,…Problemslotsofnoise,rubbishYouradvice…注意：1.文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；2.语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；3词数80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。Hi,Jack!IamTim.TodayIwilltellyousomethingabouttheproject“Renovationoftheoldcommunities”inNanjing.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Hi,Jack!IamTim.TodayIwilltellyousomethingabouttheproject“Renovationoftheoldcommunities”inNanjing.Thisprojectisaimtoimprovetheenvironment.Afterthisproject,therewillbemorebeautifulbuildings,someparksa