04　UNIT 1　Period 4　课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language)课件 人教版高中必修一

复习任务群一现代文阅读Ⅰ把握共性之“新”打通应考之“脉”UNIT

1

PEOPLEOFACHIEVEMENTPeriod4课时学案单元语法讲练(LearningAboutLanguage)主题语境人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物非限制性定语从句美文诵读

MountTaiisfamousforitsnaturalscenery，①whichattractsnumeroustouristsallovertheworld．MountTaiboasts156peaks，②among

whichJadeEmperorPeak，HeavenCandlePeakandSunViewingPeakarethemostfamous．③Asisknowntoall，SunViewingPeakisanidealplace，④wheretouristscanseebeautifulsunrise．MountTaiisrecognisedasasacredplace，⑤whosecultureisalsofascinating．Itwashighlythoughtofintheancienttimes，⑥whenmanyemperorsheldtheceremonyofofferingsacrificestoheavenandearthtoprayandsaythanksforpeaceandprosperity．语法体悟①是关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句；②是介词＋关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句；③是关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句；④是关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句；⑤是关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句；⑥是关系副词when引导的非限制性定语从句。一、非限制性定语从句的特点1．非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。Thechildren，whowantedtohaveajourney，weredisappointedwhenthejourneywascancelled．那些想旅行的孩子因旅行的取消而感到失望。Thattheywillgetmarried，whichhasnotbeenannounced，hasspreadaround．他们要结婚的消息还没有被宣布，就已经被传开了。2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个主句或其中的一部分，且常译成与主句并列的句子。OnApril1sttheyflewtoBeijing，wheretheystayedseveraldays．(先行词为Beijing)4月1日他们乘飞机去北京，在那里他们待了好几天。We'llgraduateinJuly，whenwewillbefree．(先行词为inJuly)我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。Heoftencomestoschoollate，whichmakeshisteacherangry．(先行词为整个主句)他经常上学迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。即时训练1单句语法填空/单句写作①Helikesthebeautifulcity，_______hehaslivedforalongtime．②(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Chineseculturalelementscommemorating(纪念)TangXianzu，_____isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia，”addaninternationalcharactertoStratford-upon-Avon，WilliamShakespeare'shometown．③Mr．Smith，_______nativelanguageisEnglish，canspeakChinesefluently．wherewhowhose④(2024·全国甲卷)YellowstonewasthelargestUnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska，_______becameanationalmonumentin1978，tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres．⑤金先生的双腿受了重伤，很快被送往了医院。Mr．King，______________________，wasquicklytakentohospital．whichwhoselegswerebadlyhurt二、非限制性定语从句中需要注意的几个问题1．关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句，但可用forwhich代替。Hedidn'ttellusthereason，forwhichhewentabroadwithouttellinganybody．他没有告诉我们为何在没有告诉任何人的情况下他就去了国外。2．非限制性定语从句由“介词＋关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词用which或whom。Therewasanearthquakeattackingthisareatheotherday，inwhichsomepeoplewereinjured．几天前这个地区发生了一场地震，在这次地震中有一些人受伤了。Mr．Smith，forwhomIwasworking，wasverygenerousaboutovertimepay．史密斯先生是我的老板，他在给加班费时非常慷慨。3．在“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句中，介词的选择原则：(1)根据介词与动词的搭配关系。Therearesomedetailsintheproject，aboutwhichthemanagercaresmuch．(careabout)在这个项目中有一些细节，对此经理非常关心。(2)根据介词与形容词的搭配关系。Iintroducedsomesubjectstoher，inwhichshemaybeinterested．(beinterestedin)我向她介绍了一些她可能感兴趣的学科。(3)根据介词与先行词的关系。Thepresidentsaidthathedidn'tneedanyreason，forwhichtheplancouldn'tbecarriedout．(foranyreason)总统表示，他不需要任何理由来解释为何该计划无法实施。(4)根据所属(或部分与整体)的关系。Therestandsabuilding，theelevatorsofwhichoftengooutoforder．(ofthebuilding)那里矗立着一座楼，这座楼的电梯经常出故障。4．as，which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：

aswhich指代通常指代整个主句的内容，有时也指代主句的一部分既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句的一部分或单个的名词或代词位置引导的从句可位于主句之前、之中或之后引导的从句只能位于主句之后

aswhich意义正如这，那功能起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句Asweallknow，thesituationoftherealestateinthistownischanging．众所周知，这个城镇的房地产形势正在发生变化。即时训练2单句语法填空/单句写作①Therearetwobuildings，thelargerof_______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh．②(2023·全国甲卷)Yet，theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday，____RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow．”③众所周知，经常散步对我们的健康有很大的好处。____________________，walkingregularlydoesalotofgoodtoourhealth．whichasAsisknowntoall④这是她第三次赢得比赛了，这让我们都很吃惊。Itisthethirdtimethatshehaswontherace，____________________________．⑤他是一个经验丰富的人，我们可以从他那里学到很多东西。Heisamanofgreatexperience，_____________________________．whichhassurprisedusallfromwhomwecanlearnmuch课时提升作业(二)

(UNIT1

LearningAboutLanguage)Ⅰ．单句语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)1．Somepeoplealwaystalkloudlyinpublic，_______isreallyannoying．2．LeoNielsen'schildhoodwasadifficultone，buthehadoneparticularshiningstarinhislife—hisuncle，_____wasawell-knownactor．(建议用时：45分钟总分：98.5分)whichwho3．Intheparktherearemanyflowers，_______colourisbrightandnice．4．____isthecasewiththeoriginalpaintingintheLouvreParis，thedigitalMona

Lisaisthestarattraction．5．Participants，mostof______aremiddleschoolstudents，willmeetattheOlympicforestpark．6．Wehadawordquizeverydaywhenwewereyoung，from_______westillbenefitalot．whoseAswhomwhich7．We'llputofftheoutinguntilnextweek，______wewon'tbebusy．8．Morenature-centredtouristattractions，_______manandnatureliveinharmony，canbegreatlyimpacted．9．Onemajorbreakthroughcamein1990，______theHubbleSpaceTelescopewaslaunched．10．Shecaughtsightofafishermanatadistance，with_______helpsheclimbedtoanopenarea．whenwherewhenwhoseⅡ．完成句子(共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分)1．(应用文写作之报道)上周五我们参加了一个志愿者活动，该活动拓宽了我们的视野。WetookpartinavoluntaryactivitylastFriday，_____________________________．2．(应用文写作之建议信)对你来说，没有什么比听英文歌更能帮助你的了，你会从中受益良多。Foryou，nothingcanhelpyoumorethanlisteningtoEnglishsongs，_____________________________alot．whichexpandedourhorizonsfromwhichyouwillbenefit3．众所周知，他是一位国际大师，这意味着我将向这个比赛中最优秀的人学习。_______________________，heisaninternationalgrand-master，_____________Iwilllearnfromoneofthegame'sbest．4．游客们被西湖深深吸引了，西湖的美景总是让他们流连忘返。ThetouristsarefascinatedbytheWestLake，______________neverfailstoattractthem．5．游客通常会去唐人街的古董店，在那里他们可以买到精美的花瓶。TouristsusuallygotoantiqueshopsinChinatown，_____________________________elegantvases．Asisknowntoallwhichmeanswhosebeautyinwhich/wheretheycanbuy6．正如你所看到的，孩子们很受激励，他们也对阅读所有这些书满怀热情。________________，thechildrenarereallyencouraged，andtheyarealsoenthusiasticaboutreadingallofthesebooks．7．因此，他们不得不采取一系列措施，但这些措施都不足以阻止这场灾难的发生。Asaconsequence，theyhadtotakeaseriesofsteps，_______________waspowerfulenoughtopreventthedisaster．Asyoucanseenoneofwhich8．我们会把野餐推到下周，那时天气可能会更好。We'llputoffthepicnicuntilnextweek，_____________________bebetter．whenit'slikelytoⅢ．短文语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)Iwenttoanexhibitionlastmonth，1．_______Iadmiredalotofwonderfulpaintings．Mary，2．_______drawingswereshownattheexhibition，isamodelstudent3．__________isoftenpraisedforhergoodworkatschool．Assoonaswegotintotheexhibitionhall4．_______thepaintingswereonshow，oureyeswerecaughtbyaverylargepicture5．____________washungonthewallinfrontofus．Thehorse6．_____________wasdrawninthepicturewasexactlylikearealhorse．Theman7．_________wasridingonitlookedlikeawherewhosewho/thatwherethat/whichthat/whichwholivingman．Itwasthebestpicture8．______Ihadeverseen，andIshouldsayMaryisthebestyoungpainter9．______Ihaveeverheardof．However，youwillbequitemistakenifyouthinkthatMarywasbornagoodpainter．OneofherteacherstoldmethatithadtakenMarythousandsofhourstolearnandpractisedrawingbeforeshebecamethebestyoungpainter10．______haseverbeenheardofinherhometown．Butifyousaythatshehaslearnedtobesogoodatdrawingonlybyworkinghardatit，Iwillcertainlyagreewithyou．thatthatthatⅠ．阅读理解(共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分10分)TheNationalGeographicSociety(NGS)，aglobalnonprofitorganization，honorsthisyear'sNationalGeographicExploreroftheYear—biologistandenvironmentalistFernandoTrujillo—andcelebrateshisaccomplishmentsinprotectingtheAmazonianriverdolphin．InhonorofhisgreatcontributiontoworkingwithlocalcommunitiesinSouthAmericatoco-createmeasuresthatprotectendangeredmarine(海洋的)wildlifeandecosystems，theNGSispleasedtoannouncethatFernandoTrujilloisthe2024winneroftheRolexNationalGeographicExploreroftheYearAward．TheawardrecognizesamemberoftheNationalGeographicExplorercommunitywhotrieshisbesttoraiseawarenessofimportantissues，discoveriesandchallengesfacingourplanettogenerateasustainable(可持续的)future．“Fernandoisasolutions-drivenchangemakerwhohasspentmorethan30yearsresearchingandexplainingkeyissuesthatimpactourplanet，”saidJillTiefenthaler，CEOoftheNGS．“HisworkinSouthAmericaenhancesprotectionforendangeredwildlifeandsupportssustainablepracticesforthebettermentoflocalcommunities．TheSocietyisespeciallyproudtonameFernandothe2024NationalGeographicExploreroftheYeartoshowthepositive，significantdifferencehecontinuestomakeforourplanetandthosewhocallithome．”FernandohashadalonghistorywiththeSociety，receivinghisfirstawardin2008tostudytheAmazonianriverdolphinsinBrazilandPeru．FernandohasspentdecadesstudyingwildlifewithspecialattentiontotheAmazonianpinkriverdolphinsinSouthAmerica．“AstheAmazoniaexperiencessomeofthemostextremeclimatedisastersindecades，itisimportanttoshineaspotlightonthisissue，conductdeeperresearchandgeneratesolutionstoprotectthisregion，”saysFernando．“Throughthisaward，theSocietyisprovidingaloudspeakerformetoreachaglobalaudienceandencouragethemtolearnmoreandtocareaboutthechangesimpactingourplanet．”【语篇解读】

本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了国家地理学会授予生物学家和环保保护主义者FernandoTrujillo“国家地理年度探险人物”奖，表彰他在保护亚马孙河豚方面的成就。1．WhoismostlikelytoreceivetheNationalGeographicExploreroftheYearAward?A．Anindividualwhodiscoversthemostnewspecies．B．Ascientistwhocontributesalottospaceexploration．C．Acommunitymemberwhosparesnoefforttomakeasustainableplanet．D．Anenvironmentalistwhoraisesthemostfundsforenvironmentalprotection．√C

[推理判断题。根据第三段“国家地理年度探险人物奖旨在表彰国家地理探索者社区的一员，这个人会尽最大努力提高人们对我们星球面临的重要问题、发现和挑战的认识，以创造一个可持续的未来。”可推知，最有可能获得该奖项的是不遗余力建设可持续地球的社员。故选C。]2．WhatdoesJillTiefenthaler'sstatementsuggestaboutFernando'swork?A．Itisfullofdanger．B．Ittargetsclimateeffects．C．Itcentersonsolvingproblems．D．Itbenefitsthosewithouthome．√C

[细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“NGS首席执行官JillTiefenthaler表示‘Fernando是一位以解决方案为导向的变革者，他花了三十多年的时间研究和解释影响我们星球的关键问题。’”可知，Fernando是一位以解决方案为导向的变革者，他研究和解释影响地球的关键问题，所以他的工作以解决问题为中心。故选C。]3．WhatimpactdoestheawardhaveonFernando?A．Itwillincreasehisinfluencearoundtheworld．B．Itwillbringfinancialsupportforhisfuturework．C．Itwillprovideopportunitiesforhimtoworkwithgovernment．D．Itwillenablehimtolearnmoreaboutextremeclimatedisasters．√A

[细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“通过这个奖项，学会为我提供了宣传，让我接触到全球观众，鼓励他们了解更多并关心影响我们星球的变化。”可知，Fernando获奖这件事有助于增加他在全球范围内的影响力。故选A。]4．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeFernando?A．Adventurousandlonely．B．Devotedandresponsible．C．Famousandambitious．

D．Innovativeandimaginative．√B

[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“celebrateshisaccomplishmentsinprotectingtheAmazonianriverdolphin”和第四段中的“thepositive，significantdifferencehecontinuestomakeforourplanetandthosewhocallithome”可知，他在保护亚马孙河豚方面作出了重要贡献，并致力于改善地球环境，由此可推测出，他非常有责任心；根据第四段中的“whohasspentmorethan30yearsresearchingandexplainingkeyissuesthatimpactourplanet”可知，他花了三十多年时间研究和解释影响地球的关键问题，由此可推测出，他非常有奉献精神。故选B。]Ⅱ．阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Asisknown，AlbertEinsteinwasoneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime．Hewasalsoareallygreatperson．Einsteinlearnedfrommakingmistakes．

1Hesaidheneededadesk，somepaperandpencil．Healsoneededabaskettoholdhismistakes．Thisshowsthathekneweventhecleverestmanintheworldcanonlylearnbymakingmistakes．

2.Manychildrenwroteletterstoaskhimforhelpwiththeirhomework．Oneday，hewrotealettertoayounggirltotellhernottoworryaboutherMathshomeworkbecausehethoughtMathswasdifficulttoo．Einsteinconsideredtimetobeimportant．Heneverworesocksbecausehethoughtputtingonsockswasawasteoftimeaspeoplealreadyworeshoes．Healsothoughtrememberingthingsfoundinbookswasnotworthit．

3Heknewwhatwasworthremembering．Itistruethatifwearegoingtodogreatthingsinourlives，wecannotwastetime．Einsteinlikedtojoketoo．Inoneexam，astudentaskedhimwhyallthequestionswerethesameaslastyear's．Einsteinrepliedthequestionswerethesame，buttheanswersweredifferent．4.WhenEinsteinwasachild，histeachersusedtosayhewasnotclever．However，Einsteinkeptworkinghardandsurprisedtheworldwithhisachievements．

5So，neverbediscouraged!A．Einsteinwasalsoverymodest．B．Whatahumorouspersonheis!C．Einsteinwasalsostrictwithhisstudents．D．Givestudentsachancetocorrecttheirmistakes．E．That'swhyheneverrememberedhisownphonenumber．F．Ifweeverfeellikegivingupwhenwehaveproblems，weshouldthinkofhim．G．WhenEinsteinstartedtoworkinAmerica，someoneaskedhimwhatheneeded．【语篇解读】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了爱因斯坦个人的一些伟大之处。1．G

[根据下文“Hesaidheneededadesk，somepaperandpencil．(他说他需要一张桌子，一些纸和铅笔)”可知，G项“当爱因斯坦开始在美国工作时，有人问他需要什么”符合语境，引出下文，故选G。]2．A

[本段讲最伟大的科学家爱因斯坦也认为数学也很难，说明他谦虚的品质，A项“爱因斯坦也非常谦虚”，是最佳小标题，故选A。]3．E

[根据小标题和上文“Heneverworesocksbecausehethoughtputtingonsockswasawasteoftimeaspeoplealreadyworeshoes．Healsothoughtrememberingthingsfoundinbookswasnotworthit．”可知，上文用具体事例说明爱因斯坦不会做一些浪费时间的事，E项“这就是为什么他从不记得自己的电话号码”承接上文，举出另一个例子。故选E。]4．B

[由小标题“Einsteinlikedtojoketoo．(爱因斯坦也喜欢开玩笑)”和本段具体事例说明爱因斯坦很幽默，B项“他是一个多么幽默的人啊”承接上文讲爱因斯坦拥有幽默感。故选B。]5．F

[根据上文可知，爱因斯坦被老师说不聪明，也没有放弃努力工作，可见永远不要遇到问题就放弃、气馁，承接上文，F项“当我们遇到问题时，如果我们想要放弃，我们应该想到他”符合语境。故选F。]Ⅲ．完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)Sarkarisananotechnologist(纳米技术专家)andassistantprofessoratMIT．Sheisconductingherresearchonbraindiseasesthat1themindsofmillionsofpeopleworldwide．BorninKolkata，India，Sarkarcreditsbothofherparentsasearly2．Hercourageasaresearchercomesfromher3，whoasayoungwomanwentagainstsocialnorms(常态)inhervillageby4tofundherowneducation．Meanwhile，Sarkar'sfatherinspiredherinterestin5．Sarkarrecallsherfatherfindingtimeforhis6，fashioningdevicestomakehomelifemore7，includinganelectricity-freewashingmachine．“Thatgotmevery

8inscienceandtechnology，”Sarkarsays．After9abachelor'sdegreeinelectricalengineeringfromtheIndianInstituteofTechnologyDhanbad，Sarkar10Californiatostudynanoelectronics．There，shetestednewwaysto11nanodevicesthatcouldreducetheamountof12consumedbycomputersandothereverydayelectronics．

13，shemadeabreakthroughbydevelopingastandoutnanodevice．Alongtheway，Sarkarbecamefascinatedwiththe14，whichshecalls“thelowestenergycomputer”．Shehopestoputnanodevicesbetweenhumanneurons(神经细胞)toimprovethecomputingspeedoftheprocessorinourbrains．“Ourbrainsare15，butwecouldbebetterthanwhatweare，”shesays．【语篇解读】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍的是纳米技术专家萨卡尔的成长经历以及所取得的成就。1．A．enrich

B．read

C．affect

D．poisonC

[考查动词词义辨析。句意：她正在进行影响全世界数百万人心智的脑部疾病研究。根据“Sheisconductingherresearchonbraindiseasesthat___________themindsofmillionsofpeopleworldwide．”可知，这种疾病正在影响数百万人的心智。故选C。]√2．A．birds B．researchers C．failures D．inspirationsD

[考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔出生于印度加尔各答，她认为父母是她早年的灵感来源。根据“Sarkarcreditsbothofherparentsasearly”及下文“Meanwhile，Sarkar'sfatherinspiredherinterest”可知，萨卡尔认为父母是她早期的灵感来源，给了她启发。故选D。]√3．A．aunt B．mother C．sister D．grandmotherB

[考查名词词义辨析。句意：她作为研究人员的勇气来自她的母亲，她母亲年轻时违背她所在村庄的社会规范，通过努力工作为自己的教育提供资金。根据“whoasayoungwomanwentagainstsocialnormsinhervillageby___________tofundherowneducation”可知，这一句描述萨卡尔的母亲在年轻时做的事情。故选B。]√4．A．working B．pretending C．refusing D．waitingA

[考查动词词义辨析。根据“tofundherowneducation”可知，萨卡尔的母亲在年轻时违背社会规范，努力工作为自己的教育提供资金。故选A。]√5．A．politics B．history C．engineering D．sportC

[考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，萨卡尔的父亲激发了她对工程学的兴趣。根据下文“includinganelectricity-freewashingmachine”及“After____________abachelor'sdegreeinelectricalengineeringfromtheIndianInstituteofTechnologyDhanbad”可知，父亲让萨卡尔喜欢上了工程学。故选C。]√6．A．job B．holiday C．discomfort D．passionD

[考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔回忆说，她的父亲腾出时间来实现自己的爱好，制作各种设备，让家庭生活更方便，其中包括一台免电洗衣机。根据“fashioningdevicestomakehomelifemore___________，includinganelectricity-freewashingmachine”可知，父亲会腾出时间来研究自己的爱好。故选D。]√7．A．complex B．convenient C．peaceful D．meaningfulB

[考查形容词词义辨析。根据“fashioningdevicestomakehomelifemore”可知，父亲制作设备是为了让家庭生活更方便。故选B。]√8．A．interested B．honest C．lucky D．disappointedA

[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这让我对科学技术产生了浓厚的兴趣。”Sarkar说。根据上文“Sarkar'sfatherinspiredherinterestin___________”可知，父亲影响了萨卡尔在科技上的兴趣。故选A。]√9．A．starting B．earning C．needing D．introducingB

[考查动词词义辨析。句意：在印度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后，萨卡尔前往加州学习纳米电子学。根据“Sarkar___________Californiatostudynanoelectronics”可知，萨卡尔在印度获得了学位后，继续去美国学习纳米电子学。故选B。]√10．A．adaptedto B．relatedto C．headedto D．belongedtoC

[考查动词短语辨析。根据上文可知，此处表示前往美国学习深造。故选C。]√11．A．create B．fixC．operate D．sellA

[考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她测试了制造纳米器件的新方法，这些纳米器件可以减少计算机和其他日常电子产品的耗电量。根据“shetestednewways”可知，萨卡尔测试了制造纳米器件的新方法。故选A。]√12．A．water B．moneyC．power D．timeC

[考查名词词义辨析。根据“consumedbycomputersandothereverydayelectronics”可知，计算机和其他日常电子产品需要电力来驱动。故选C。]√13．A．Unfortunately B．Immediately C．Obviously D．EventuallyD

[考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，她通过开发一种出色的纳米器件取得了突破。根据“shemadeabreakthroughbydevelopingastandoutnanodevice”可知，最终，她获得了突破。故选D。]√14．A．computer B．brain C．exercise D．fashionB

[考查名词词义辨析。句意：在此过程中，萨卡尔开始对大脑着迷，她称之为“最低能量的计算机”。根据“whichshecalls‘thelowestenergycomputer’”可知，此处“最低能量的计算机”指的是人脑。故选B。]√15．A．empty B．busy C．relaxed D．remarkableD

[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我们的大脑是非凡的，但我们可以做得更好。”她说。根据“butwecouldbebetterthanwhatweare”并结合常识可知，人脑的潜力无限大，所以是非凡的。故选D。]√Ⅳ．语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)GhanimAl-Muftah,ambassadorofQatarWorldCup,wasbornwitharareconditionknownasCaudalRegressionSyndrome(CRS)．Thatis,thediseasecausesitspatientstobebornwithoutthelowerhalfofthebody．OnewouldexpectGhanimtouseawheelchair1．____________(natural),butheinsistson2．_