【高考新风向】专题八概要写作-英语二轮总复习讲义教师版

专题八概要写作【题型把握】则要求学生基于短文进行要点提炼。这不仅要求考生有丰富的词汇和语法知识，而且要求考生有较强的语言表达能力和逻辑思维能力。概要写作作为综合性语言测试，是一种将阅读和写作紧密结合的考查形式。概要写作主要考查考生对文章主旨大意和整体结构的把握能力、准确获取关键信息的能力以及用自己的语言概括文章的能力。1．浙江省作为高考综合改革的试点省份，从2016年10月份开始，正式启动外语科目一年两次考试，其中英语学科高考书面表达部分除应用文写作外，首次引入了读后续写和概要写作两种新的写作题型，并在不同考次中不定期交替使用。2．截至2022年8月1日,在最新的一轮高中课改推动下,英语学科新题型“概要写作”已经在浙江、山东等省份的高考中出现,北京、重庆、江苏、上海等也出现过。【知识清单】【题型要求】次要点等内容，再现原作者的思想、观点。《考试说明》对本题型的要求是提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。评分参考：（1）准确把握文章主旨及其所要表达的中心思想；（2）对英语词汇和语法可以灵活准确地运用；（3）文章句与句之间要有一定的连贯性；（4）各语句间在连贯的基础上，也要具有一定的独立性。注意：词数少于40和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。【解题步骤】Step1ꢀ读懂原文，抓住大意章的内部逻辑关系。Step2ꢀ定位主题句，找到关键下来。Step3ꢀ组织语言，转换表达的语言表达要点，避免使用原文句子，可对原文内容进行同义词或近义词替换，或者转换句式。技巧1ꢀ简洁概括阅读的过程中掌握简洁概括各段落及全文主旨大意的技巧，为进一步的概要写作作好铺垫。技巧2ꢀ删减细节具体描述、事例、数据及论据等。技巧3ꢀ同义替换概要写作的高考评分最高档次(第五档)中的第四条(完全使用自己的语言)说明在写作过程中考生需要对原文信息进行适当的同义替换，避免摘抄原文句子。因此，熟练掌握同义替换不仅能彰显考生的写作实力，而且也是取得高分的一个重要环节。技巧4ꢀ运用增分句式章增色的一个技巧。写作过程中可以运用非谓语动词结构以及省略句、复合句等句式。技巧5ꢀ巧用衔接词考生在写概要时也应充分考虑文章中体现出来的逻辑关系，恰当地使用一些衔接词，以使完成的概要结构紧凑并且逻辑合理。【高分策略】(一)避让失分点失分点1ꢀ概括部分要点不明。失分点2ꢀ未对文章进行概括，摘抄文中原句。失分点3ꢀ表达单一，缺乏高级词汇和句型。失分点4ꢀ衔接不自然，对各类体裁没有清晰的写作框架。(二)掌握提分点1、五审题目，不失基本分(1)审要求：所要求写作的短文是针对所给短文的概括写作；词数应为60左右。(2)审体裁：明确所给短文的体裁，确定概要写作的格式。(3)审时态：确定所给短文的时态，避免概要写作部分出现时态错误。(4)审主题：文章的主题句有时直接出现在文章的首尾段，有时则需要对文章的内容进行提炼和总结。(5)言概述成段，同时应注意内容之间的合理衔接。2、四大技巧，巧得能力分(1)高度概括，删减细节：简明扼要地概括文章主旨要义，删减具体例子；(2)(3)善用高分衔接词：恰当使用高分衔接词，更好地表达文章的逻辑关系；(4)书写规范工整：卷面开启“美颜”特效，巧得“印象分”。【专项练习】1．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Online“friends”–athreattodevelopmentTheimpactoftechnologyonthenatureofourfriendshipshasbeenamuch-debatedtopicsincethedramaticriseofsocialnetworks.Advancesinmobiletechnologyandsocialnetworkingwebsitesmeanwespendmoretimeonlinethaneverbefore.Itisthereforenotsurprisingthatsomanypsychologists,sociologists,andothersareeagertogivetheirthoughtsonhowthisisimpactingnegativelyonoursociety.Thereisoneelementofsocialnetworkingthatisdeeplyworrying.Wefindourselvesinahyper-connectedworldwherepeopleaccesssocialmediadayandnight,excitedtomakeannouncementsaboutthetiniestdetailsoftheirlives.Researchisstartingtoshowthatthiscultureisnegativelyaffectingnotourfriendshipsbutourcharacter.ProfessorLarryD．Rosensaysthatyoungpeoplewhooverusesocialnetworkingsitescanbecomeineffective,anddisplayanti-socialbehaviorintheirofflinelives.Butperhapsanevenmoredisturbingeffectisthatoneofourmostbasicemotionsseemstobedisappearing--empathy.Thisistheemotionthatallowsustoseetheworldfromourfriends’pointsofview.Withoutit,wearefarlessabletoconnectandformmeaningfuladultrelationships.ProfessorSherryTurklesuggeststhatpeoplearenolongercomfortablebeingalone.Thisissomethingconfirmedbyastudywhere200universitystudentswereaskedtogowithoutsocialmediafor24hours.Manyadmittedanaddictiontotheironlinesocialnetwork;mostcomplainedthattheyfeltcutofffromfamilyandfriends.Andyetbeingaloneisatimewhenweself-reflectandgetintouchwithwhowereallyare.Itisonlywhenwedothisthatwecanmakemeaningfulfriendshipswithothers.Thesepotentialchangesinourcharactersareratheralarming,soitisclearthatwecan’tneglectthosenegativeimpactsofsocialnetworks.【答案】Researcherssaysocialmediahasahugenegativeimpactonus.First,excessiveuseofsocialmediacancauseanti-socialbehaviorandthedisappearanceofempathy.Besides,socialmediamakespeopledislikesolitudewhichcanmakeusreflectonourselvesandtouchtherealself.Inaword,wemustpayattentiontothenegativeimpactofsocialmedia.【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括研究人员称社交媒体对我们有很大的负面影响，首先，过度接触真实的自我，我们必须重视社交媒体的负面影响。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。2．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Manyschoolsdonotpaytherightamountofattentiontohealtheducationasitisoftenconsideredasanunimportantsubject.Andmanyparentsareinterestedinthebasiceducationoftheirteenagers—reading,writingandmathematics—butarenotinterestedintheteachingofhealth.Thisisnotright.Healtheducationprovidesanintroductiontothehumanbodyandtofactorsthatimproveordamagehealth.Knowingtheknowledgeabouthealthcanhelpstudentsbecomehealthyandlivehappily.Healtheducationdoesnotonlyconcentrateonbeingphysicallyhealthy.Italsofocusesonemotionalhealth.Educatingstudentsontheimportanceofhealthbuildstheirmotivation(动力).Asaresult,theywilltrytheirbesttokeepingoodhealth,preventillnessandavoidriskybehavior.Lettingstudentsknowtheimportanceofgoodhealthinschoolshelpsstudentsmakehealthylifechoiceswhentheygrowolder.Ithelpsthemunderstandthedangerofusingdrugs,smokinganddrinkingalcohol.Ithelpspreventvariousinjuriesanddiseases.Studentsthesedaysarehighlystressed.Beingstressedtogetbettergrades,tolookgood,tobelongtotherightgroupsandtodressrightcanallmakeforastressfullife.Oncetheycompletetheireducation,workstresscanmaketheproblembecomeworse.Familylifecanalsoaddalargeamountofstresstostudents’lives.Healtheducationalsoconcentratesonstressandhelpsstudentslearntohandlepressuresothattheycancreateahealthyandpositivestateofmind.Asteenagers,theymayalsodonotknowhowtomanagetheirtime.Thispreventsthemfromputting100%ofthemselvesintotheirtasks.Forexample,schooltasksrequirestricttimemanagement,andstudentswhoareunabletomanagetimefallbehind.Thus,healtheducationisanecessarypartoftheeducationprocess.Itcanteachstudentstomanagetheirtimewellinordertobemoreproductive.【答案】Healtheducationisveryimportanttoteenagers.(要点1)First,healtheducationconcentratesonteenagers’physicalandemotionalhealthandrealizingtheimportanceofhealth,teenagersarelikelytomakehealthylifechoices.(要点2)Second,healtheducationhelpsteenagersdealwithstressandliveapositivelife.(要点3)Third,healtheducationteachesteenagersgoodtimemanagementskillsandmakesthemmoreefficient.(要点4)【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，健康教育往往是学校和家庭容易忽视的一环，然而事实上健康教育对青少年至关重要。【详解】1.要点摘录①Healtheducationprovidesanintroductiontothehumanbodyandtofactorsthatimproveordamagehealth.Knowingtheknowledgeabouthealthcanhelpstudentsbecomehealthyandlivehappily.②Healtheducationdoesnotonlyconcentrateonbeingphysicallyhealthy.Italsofocusesonemotionalhealth.③Studentsthesedaysarehighlystressed.④healtheducationisanecessarypartoftheeducationprocess.Itcanteachstudentstomanagetheirtimewellinordertobemoreproductive.2.缜密构思将第1324两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句It'snecessarytovrealizetheimportanceofhealthTeenagersarelikelytomakehealthylifechoicesHealtheducationhelpsteenagersnotonlydealwithstress,butalsoliveapositivelife.3．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Sellingyourstuffonlinedoesnotonlyhelptodeclutter(清理)yourhomeandgetridofthingsyoudon’tneed,butitcanalsobeagreatsourceofincome.Booksyou’renotplanningonreadingagaintakingupspaceonyourshelf?Sellthemonline.Upgradingyourphone?Findalocalbuyeronsocialmedia.Sellingonlinecomeswithcertainpitfallstoo,though,anditpaystobediligentwhenyou’recrossingthethreshold(门槛)fromcustomertoseller.Onethingyouneedtoconsidercarefullyistheplatformonwhichyouaregoingtoadvertise.Mostbigplayersinthefieldaresopopularwithsellers,notjustbecausetheycangiveyouaccesstoabiggerpoolofpotentialcustomers,butalsobecausetheyofferinsurancebothtothesellerandthebuyer,whichgivesbothbuyersandsellersmoreconfidence.Thedownside,however,isthatyouwillgenerallyneedtopayanupfrontfee(预付费)forusingtheplatform,andmayalsohavetosacrificeacutofyourprofittothecompany.What’smore,youneedtobuildupareputationbeforebuyerscantrustyou-whichmeansyoumighthavetosettleforlowerpricesuntilyouhaveahighrating.Youcanusesomeplatformsthateitherchargeasmallerfeeforadvertisingorevennofeeatall-but,inthatcase,whatyouwillneedtokeepinmindisyoursafety,especiallyifthevalueoftheproductyou’resellingishigh.Mostprospectivebuyerswillbegenuine,butit’salwaysbesttomeetduringthedayatapublicplacesuchasacoffeeshop,alibrary,orasupermarketparkinglot-anywheremonitoredbysecuritycamerasisgood.Alwayskeeptheproductclosetoyou,andcheckthatthemoneyhasbeenreleasedintoyouraccountor-ifyou’rebeingpaidbycash-thatyouhavebeengiventhefullamountbeforerelinquishingyouritems.Afewmorethingstokeepinmind:alwaysbeaccuratewithyourdescriptionsoftheitemsyouareselling,especiallyifadvertisingonabigplatform.Thelastthingyouwantistobeaccusedoffraudandbannedfromthewebsite.Don’tgiveoutyourfullname,either-keepyourlastnameprivate.Identitytheftmightberareinsuchtransactions,butit’salwaysbettertobecareful.Youmightthinkmanyofthesesoundlikecommonsenserules,andtheyare,butmanyfirst-timesellersnaivelyforgettotakeprecautionswhensellingtheirstuffonline.Attheendoftheday,it’suptoyoutodecidethewayinwhichyouarecomfortablewithconductingbusinessonline-butrememberthatasmart,preparedsellerisahappyseller.【答案】(1)Onlinesellingbringsextraincomebutrequirescarefulpreparations.First,chooseacredibleplatformwithawidercustomerbaseandinsurance,andlowerthepriceuntilyou’veestablishedafinereputation.Evenifyoucannotaffordtheprepaidfeeofaplatform,makesuretransactionstakeplacesafely.It’salsoessentialtoprovidehonestitemdescriptionsandprotectpersonalprivacy.(60)(2)Severalthingsaboutsellingonlineareworthnoting.Firstly,properplatformsensurecustomersandinsurance,thoughanupfrontfeeandagoodreputationarerequired.Secondly,alwayskeepsafetyinmind,meetbuyersinpublicandkeeptheproductuntilyoureceivethepayment.Thirdly,avoidinaccurateproductdescriptionandrevealingyourfullname.Becarefulwhenyousellonline.【详解】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在网上销售自己不需要东西的时候应注意的一些问题及销售方法。1.要点摘录①Sellingyourstuffonlinedoesnotonlyhelptodeclutter(清理)yourhomeandgetridofthingsyoudon’tneed,butitcanalsobeagreatsourceofincome.②Onethingyouneedtoconsidercarefullyistheplatformonwhichyouaregoingtoadvertise.③Mostbigplayersinthefieldaresopopularwithsellers,notjustbecausetheycangiveyouaccesstoabiggerpoolofpotentialcustomers,butalsobecausetheyofferinsurancebothtothesellerandthebuyer,whichgivesbothbuyersandsellersmoreconfidence.④Thedownside,however,isthatyouwillgenerallyneedtopayanupfrontfee(预付费)forusingtheplatform,andmayalsohavetosacrificeacutofyourprofittothecompany.⑤What’smore,youneedtobuildupareputationbeforebuyerscantrustyou-whichmeansyoumighthavetosettleforlowerpricesuntilyouhaveahighrating.⑥Afewmorethingstokeepinmind:alwaysbeaccuratewithyourdescriptionsoftheitemsyouareselling,especiallyifadvertisingonabigplatform.⑦Don’tgiveoutyourfullname,either-keepyourlastnameprivate.Identitytheftmightberareinsuchtransactions,butit’salwaysbettertobecareful.2.缜密深思把要点1重组；要点2、3、4整合；要点6和要点7重组，整合。3.遣词造句Sellingyourstuffonlinenotonlyhelpdeclutteryourhome,butitcanalsobringextraincome.Onethingtoconsidercarefullyistheplatform.Acredibleplatformusuallyhasawidercustomerbaseandofferinsurance.Thedownside,however,isthatyouwillgenerallyneedtopayanupfrontfeeforusingtheplatform.Besides,youhavetosettleforlowerpricessoastobuildupagoodreputation.Alwayskeepinmindthatbeaccuratewiththedescriptionsofitemsyouaresellingandbecarefulofyourprovacy.4．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Nowadays,parentsareveryworriedbecausetheirchildrenspendhoursandhoursinfrontoftheTVscreen.Asthisdoesn’thappentoonlyonespecifickindoffamily,manyexpertswarnusthattheycanbesomeseriouseffectsonchildrenwatchingviolenceontelevision.ChildrenwhobecomeaddictedtoTVturnontheTVassoonastheygethome.Althoughtheyhavelotsofhomework,theybecomeabsorbedinTVprograms.SincetheyspendtonsoftimewatchingTV,theyhavelesstimetoenjoyreallifeactivities,suchasplayingoutdoorsportswithfriends,orenjoyingotherkindsofentertainment.TherearetoomanyviolentthingsonTV,someexpertssaythereare25actsofviolenceperhouronTV.Inaddition,therearemanyexperimentsbypsychologistswhichshowhowTVviolenceinfluenceschildren.Finally,peopleworrythatchildrentendtoimitatewhattheywatchonTVandmaystarttobehavemoreaggressively.Whatshouldbedone?Firstofall,thegovernmentshouldregulateTVviolence.Itshouldalsoencouragepeopletoinventanddevelopnewtechnologywhichcanblockviolentscenesfromtheprogrammeschildrenwatch.Forexample,witharatingsystemandtheV-chip,inappropriatescenesofviolenceandsexcanbeblockedout.Second,parentsshouldmonitorwhattheirchildrenwatch.Atthesametimetheyshouldinteresttheirchildreninreallifeactivities.Thenwhenthechildrenstarttospendmoretimeplayingwithfriendsorreadingbooks,parentscanstoptheirmonitoring.ItisafactthatthereismoreviolenceonTVtodaythantherewastenyearsago.Moreover,violentincidentsoccurmorefrequently.It’stimetorealizehowharmfulwatchingTVviolenceis,andit’stimetosaveourchildrenfromviolence.【答案】高分范文1It’sacommonphenomenonthatchildrenspendtoomanyhourswatchingTV.Worsestill,experimentscarriedoutbypsychologistshaveprovenviolentscenescanresultinchildren’saggressiveacts.Topreventthis,TVviolenceshouldbeblockedandchildrenshouldbemonitoredwhentheywatchTV.Inall,it’sverytimeforustobecomeawareoftheseriousnessoftheissueandtakemeasurestoencouragechildrentoputmoretimeintoreallifeactivitiesratherthantelevisionprogram.高分范文2WithchildrenspendingquantitiesoftimewatchingTVandlesstimeparticipatinginreallifeactivities,expertspointthatTVviolencecanexertapassiveimpactonchildren.Moreover,onlywhenTVviolenceisrestrictedappropriatelyandchildrenaretaughthowtoarrangetheirtimereasonablycanwewellsettletheproblem.Confrontedwithsuchadisturbingsituation,itishightimeweshouldtakeactiontopreventchildrenfromviolence.【详解】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，专家指出，由于儿童花大量时间看电视，而参与实际生活活动的时间较少，电视暴力会对儿童产生消极影响。此外，只有适当限制电视暴力，教会孩子们如何合理安排时间，我们才能很好地解决这个问题。面对如此令人不安的情况，我们是时候采取行动防止儿童暴力了。【详解】1.要点摘录①Asthisdoesn’thappentoonlyonespecifickindoffamily,manyexpertswarnusthattheycanbesomeseriouseffectsonchildrenwatchingviolenceontelevision.②SincetheyspendtonsoftimewatchingTV,theyhavelesstimetoenjoyreallifeactivities,suchasplayingoutdoorsportswithfriends,orenjoyingotherkindsofentertainment.③Itshouldalsoencouragepeopletoinventanddevelopnewtechnologywhichcanblockviolentscenesfromtheprogrammeschildrenwatch.④It’stimetorealizehowharmfulwatchingTVviolenceis,andit’stimetosaveourchildrenfromviolence.2.缜密构思将第1、4两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句WithchildrenspendingquantitiesoftimewatchingTVandlesstimeparticipatinginreallifeactivities,expertspointthatTVviolencecanexertapassiveimpactonchildren.Moreover,onlywhenTVviolenceisrestrictedappropriatelyandchildrenaretaughthowtoarrangetheirtimereasonablycanwewellsettletheproblem.Confrontedwithsuchadisturbingsituation,itishightimeweshouldtakeactiontopreventchildrenfromviolence.5Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Absent-mindedness“Mosteventsofabsent-mindedness—forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom—arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,”saysDr.DanielSchacter,adistinguishedpsychologistandmemoryscientist.“You’resupposedtoremembersomething,butyouhaven’tencodeditdeeply.”“Encoding,”Schacterexplains,“isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.”Failuretoencodeproperlycancreateannoyingsituations.Ifyouputyourmobilephoneinapocketofajacket,forexample,anddon’tpayattentiontowhatyoudidbecauseyou’reinvolvedinaconversation,you’llprobablyforgetwhereexactlyyouputyourmobilephone.Yourmemoryitselfisn’tfailingyou.Rather,youdidn’tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded.Asmanypeopleaccept,womenhaveslightlybettermemoriesthanmen,possiblybecausetheypaymoreattentiontotheirenvironment,andmemoryreliesonjustthat.Yes,visualcuescanhelppreventabsent-mindedness.Butbesurethecueisclearandavailable.Ifyouwanttoremembertotakeamedicationwithlunch,putthepillbottleonthekitchentable—don'tleaveitinthemedicinechestandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness.“Amanwhocanrecitesportsstatisticsfrom30yearsagomaynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox,”saysZelinski,ascientistfromNewYorkUniversity.Therearemanycasesinlifewherewomencanrememberpricesofbagsofdifferentbrandswhiletheytendtoforgetthespecificplacewheretheyputtheirbags.【答案】Lackofattentionorinterestcanresultinabsent-mindedness.Lackofattentionreferseithertonotgivinginformationtoyourmemorysystemeffectivelyforyoutorecallitlaterortonotrecognizingvisualcuesintheenvironment,inwhichcasethecueshouldbevisualandapproachable.Lackofinterestcausesustoforgetwhatmightotherwiseberemembered.【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，缺乏注意力或兴趣会导致心不在焉。缺乏注意力是指没有有效地将信息提供给你的记忆系统以便你以后回忆它，或者是没有识别环境中的视觉线索。同时，缺乏兴趣也会导致心不在焉，会使我们忘记原本可以记住的东西。【详解】1.要点摘录①“Mosteventsofabsent-mindedness—forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom—arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,”saysDr.DanielSchacter,adistinguishedpsychologistandmemoryscientist.②“Encoding,”Schacterexplains,“isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.”③Rather,youdidn’tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded.④Yes,visualcuescanhelppreventabsent-mindedness.⑤Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness.2.缜密构思将第①、⑤两个要点进行重组，将第②、③、④三个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句①Lackofattentionorinterestcanresultinabsent-mindedness.②Lackofattentionreferseithertonotgivinginformationtoyourmemorysystemeffectivelyforyoutorecallitlaterortonotrecognizingvisualcuesintheenvironment.③Lackofinterestcausesustoforgetwhatmightotherwiseberemembered.【高考真题】1．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey’rebuildingtheirchildren’sconfidence,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat’sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents’praisehasputthem.Still,don’tgotoofarintheotherdirection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey’renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon’tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren’seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,”saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit’stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe’soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相称的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Parentstendtogotoextremeswhenitcomestopraisingtheirkids.(要点一)Yet,bothtoomuchandtoolittlepraisecanbeequallydamaging.(要点二)Whengivingpraise,parentsshouldbesincereandconcentrateontheprocessinsteadoftheresult.(要点三)Similarly,theyoughttogivepraiseforhowmuchefforttheirkidshaveinvestedintheworkthey’reinvolvedin.(要点四)【分析】学生在实现自由的思维表达之前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。【详解】完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，1.清楚不同体裁的文章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。2.确性以及高级性，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要的内容。3.通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。2．[浙江2018年11月]阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It'sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校园)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There'snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren'tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou'dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon'tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn'tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It'sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顾问),anditwon'tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Toinsureabrilliantcollegelife,you'dbettersparetimetovisitcampusestoexamineallaspectsofyourdreamcolleges,evenifitmaybecostly.(要点1)Ifyoulivenearby,besuretocheckitoutbeforeyouapply.(要点2)Evenaftersubmittingapplications,avisitcanhelpavoidmuchtrouble.(要点3)However,ifnotpossibletoseeforyourselfforlackoftimeandmoney,visitingtheonlinecollegefairsatwillbebeneficial.(要点4)【详解】1.审题：(1)时态：以一般现在时为主；(2)人称：以第二人称为主；(3)体裁：说明文。2.写作要点：每段的中心大意为：第一段：为确保未来几年能度过精彩的大学生活，你最好抽时间提前到大学校园去看一看，全面了解你梦想中的大学，虽然这可能要花些钱，但非常值得；第二段：如果你住在大学附近，一定要在申请之前去看一下；第三段：即使你已经申请了学校，到大学去看看也能为你省去许多麻烦；第四段：如果你因为没有空或者没有钱而不能去的话，访问网站上的大学网上展馆是很有益处的。3．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.BecominganAttractiveEmployeeThe2008financialcrisiscreatedanunstablejobmarket.Fast-forwardtothepresent,andtheeconomyhasnotfullyrecovered.Thus,it’sofvitalimportanceforjobseekerstocarefullystrategizetheirapproachtojobapplication.Andit’sespeciallyimportantforthosenewtotheworkforce.Theyshouldlookatmakingthemselvesasattractiveaspossibletoemployers.Foryoungpeople,informationtechnologyskillswillplayanincreasingroleinthefuture.AsthegenerationtohavegrownupintheInformationAge,theyarequiteconfidentwhenitcomestoshowingofftheirinterestsandskillsinthisfield.Thismakesthemanaturalfitforcompaniesseekingexpertise(专业技能)intechnology,marketingandnetworking.Theyshouldemphasizetheseskillswhenapplyingforjobsthatrequiretheabilitytomultitask.Anotherattractivequalityisexperience.Itisimportantthatanapplicant'sresumelistanyactivitiesthatinvolvedteamworkandgoal-drivenresponsibilities.Membershipinasportsorsocialclubandparticipationasavolunteeraregoodexamplesofthis.Theseactivitiesinvolvegoalmanagementandplanningalongwiththeabilitytofocuswhilecompetingonateam.Whenhiringcommitteesseethis,theyseeacandidatewhoiscapableofworkinginavarietyofenvironments.Finally,anattractivequalitywhenjob-huntingisagreatattitudetowardapotentialjob.Young