2025年考研英语（一）阅读理解核心词汇：词汇记忆与运用技巧

2025年考研英语（一）阅读理解核心词汇：词汇记忆与运用技巧考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______模拟试卷directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthebestanswerfromthefouroptionsmarkedA),B),C),andD).MarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedconsiderabledebateregardingitssocietalimplications.ProponentsarguethatAItechnologieswillsignificantlyenhanceproductivity,automatemundanetasks,andpotentiallysolvecomplexglobalchallengessuchasclimatechangeanddiseaseeradication.TheyenvisionafuturewhereAIcollaborateswithhumans,augmentingourcapabilitiesandleadingtounprecedentedprogress.However,criticsraiselegitimateconcernsaboutthepotentialdisplacementofjobs,theexacerbationofinequality,andtheethicaldilemmasassociatedwithautonomousdecision-making.ThesheerspeedofAIdevelopmentoftenleaveslittleroomforcomprehensiveregulation,raisingquestionsaboutaccountabilityandcontrol.NavigatingthiscomplexlandscaperequiresabalancedapproachthatharnessesthebenefitsofAIwhilemitigatingitsrisksthroughthoughtfulpolicy-making,ethicalguidelines,andongoingpublicdiscourse.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A)ToadvocatefortheimmediateadoptionofAItechnologies.B)Tooutlinethepotentialbenefitsanddrawbacksofartificialintelligence.C)TocondemnthesocietalimpactofAIdevelopment.D)ToproposespecificregulationsfortheAIindustry.2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorconcernofcriticsregardingAI?A)AIwillslowdownglobalprogress.B)AIdevelopmentistooslowandneedsacceleration.C)AImayleadtojoblossesandincreasedinequality.D)AIlackstheabilitytosolvecomplexproblems.3.Theword"exacerbation"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)ReductionB)MitigationC)IntensificationD)Creation4.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestisneededtomanagethechallengesposedbyAI?A)EliminatingallAIdevelopmentimmediately.B)FocusingsolelyontheeconomicbenefitsofAI.C)Abalancedapproachinvolvingregulationandpublicdiscussion.D)EncouragingAIdevelopmentwithoutanyethicalconsiderations.5.Thephrase"augmentingourcapabilities"inthesecondparagraphmostlikelymeans:A)Limitinghumanabilities.B)Enhancinghumanskillsandfunctions.C)Reducingtheneedforhumanlabor.D)Weakeninghumandecision-makingprocesses.Passage2Sustainableurbandevelopmenthasbecomeacriticalpriorityforcitiesworldwide,drivenbygrowingpopulationsandenvironmentalconcerns.Traditionalurbanplanningoftenprioritizedeconomicgrowthandinfrastructureexpansion,sometimesattheexpenseofenvironmentalqualityandsocialequity.However,contemporaryapproachesemphasizeaholisticview,integratingecologicalprinciplesintothedesignandmanagementofurbanspaces.Thisinvolvescreatinggreenbelts,promotingrenewableenergysources,anddevelopingefficientpublictransportationsystems.Suchinitiativesnotonlyhelpmitigatetheurbanheatislandeffectandreducepollutionbutalsofosterasenseofcommunityandimproveresidents'qualityoflife.Achievingsustainabilityincitiesrequirescollaborationamongpolicymakers,urbanplanners,businesses,andresidents.Itnecessitatesashiftinmindset,movingawayfromshort-termgainstowardslong-termresilienceandwell-being.Questions:6.Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?A)Thenegativeimpactsofgrowingpopulationsoncities.B)Theimportanceofincorporatingsustainabilityintourbanplanning.C)Theroleofinfrastructureintraditionalcitydevelopment.D)Theeconomicbenefitsofrenewableenergysources.7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisadrawbackoftraditionalurbanplanning?A)Itoftenneglectsenvironmentalquality.B)Itfocusestoomuchonsocialequity.C)Itprioritizesrenewableenergyovereconomicgrowth.D)Itleadstotheefficientdevelopmentofpublictransportation.8.Theword"holistic"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)NarrowB)ComprehensiveC)IncompleteD)Short-term9.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaresomebenefitsofsustainableurbandevelopment?A)Reducedcommunityengagementandlowerqualityoflife.B)Increasedpollutionandhigherurbanheatislandeffect.C)Mitigationofenvironmentalproblemsandimprovedresidentwell-being.D)Economicgrowthattheexpenseofenvironmentalquality.10.Thepassageimpliesthatachievingsustainablecitiesdependson:A)Relyingsolelyongovernmentefforts.B)Isolatingurbanplanningfrombusinessinterests.C)Collaborativeeffortsamongvariousstakeholders.D)Prioritizingeconomicgrowthoverenvironmentalconcerns.Passage3Theglobalfoodsystemfacesnumerouschallengesinthe21stcentury,primarilycenteredonensuringfoodsecurityandsustainability.Climatechange,resourcedepletion,andincreasingpopulationpressuresthreatentounderminethestabilityandresilienceofagriculturalproduction.Traditionalfarmingmethods,whileproductive,oftenrelyheavilyonchemicalinputs,whichcanhavedetrimentalenvironmentalconsequences.Consequently,thereisagrowinginterestinalternativeapproachessuchasorganicfarming,permaculture,andverticalfarming.Thesemethodsaimtoreduceenvironmentalimpact,conserveresources,andpromotemorelocalizedandsustainablefoodproduction.Whilethesealternativesofferpromisingsolutions,theyalsopresentsignificanteconomicandlogisticalhurdles.Overcomingtheseobstaclesrequiresinnovation,investment,andaglobalcommitmenttotransformingthefoodsystemtowardsamoresustainableandequitablefuture.Questions:11.Whatisthecentralissueaddressedinthepassage?A)Theneedformoregovernmentsubsidiesfortraditionalfarming.B)Thechallengesfacingtheglobalfoodsystemandpotentialsolutions.C)Thenegativehealtheffectsofconsumingorganicfood.D)Theinefficiencyofverticalfarmingcomparedtotraditionalmethods.12.Theword"detrimental"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)BeneficialB)HarmfulC)NeutralD)Temporary13.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomecharacteristicsofalternativefarmingmethods?A)Highrelianceonchemicalinputsandresourcedepletion.B)Focusonincreasingcropyieldsthroughintensivefarming.C)Effortstoreduceenvironmentalimpactandconserveresources.D)Dependenceonglobalfoodtradeandindustrialagriculture.14.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisamajorchallengeforadoptingsustainablefoodproductionmethods?A)Lackofconsumerinterestinalternativefoods.B)Theabsenceofgovernmentsupportforthesemethods.C)Economicandlogisticaldifficulties.D)Insufficienttechnologicalinnovationinagriculture.15.Thepassageimpliesthatasustainablefoodsystemrequires:A)Continuedrelianceontraditionalfarmingmethods.B)Reducingglobalpopulationtodecreasefooddemand.C)Innovation,investment,andglobalcooperation.D)Decreasingthefocusonorganicfarmingtoincreaseyields.Passage4Inthedigitalage,theconceptofprivacyhasundergonesignificanttransformation.Theproliferationofpersonaldatacollectedbycorporations,governments,andonlineplatformshasraisedprofoundconcernsaboutindividualautonomyandsurveillance.Whiledatacollectionenablespersonalizedservicesandtargetedadvertising,whichcanenhanceuserconvenience,italsocreatesvulnerabilitiesandpotentialabuses.Individualsoftenlacktransparencyregardinghowtheirdataisusedandshared,andthemechanismsforcontrollingorcorrectingthisdataarefrequentlyinadequate.Furthermore,theincreasingsophisticationofsurveillancetechnologies,includingfacialrecognitionandsocialmediamonitoring,allowsforunprecedentedlevelsoftrackingandcontrol.Balancingthebenefitsofdata-drivenapplicationswiththefundamentalrighttoprivacyisacomplexchallengethatdemandsurgentattention.Itnecessitatesrobustlegalframeworks,ethicalguidelinesfordatause,andagreaterdegreeofdigitalliteracyamongconsumers.Questions:16.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A)Thebenefitsofpersonalizedservicesinthedigitalage.B)Theevolvingnatureofprivacyinthecontextofdatacollectionandsurveillance.C)Theroleofgovernmentinregulatingonlineplatforms.D)Theimportanceofdigitalliteracyforinternetusers.17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaconcernrelatedtodatacollection?A)Itistootransparentandallowsindividualstocontroltheirdata.B)Itprimarilybenefitscorporationsattheexpenseofuserconvenience.C)Itenablespersonalizedserviceswhileraisingprivacyissues.D)Itisconductedwithoutgovernmentoversight.18.Theword"proliferation"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A)DeclineB)DecreaseC)ExpansionD)Reduction19.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaresomepotentialconsequencesofextensivedatacollectionandsurveillance?A)Increasedindividualautonomyandgreatercontroloverpersonalinformation.B)Enhancedsecurityandreducedvulnerabilitytoonlinethreats.C)Vulnerabilitiesandpotentialabusesofpersonaldata.D)Greatertransparencyandeasieraccesstopersonalinformation.20.Thepassageindicatesthataddressingprivacyconcernsrequires:A)Eliminatingalldatacollectionbycorporationsandgovernments.B)Balancingthebenefitsofdatausewithindividualprivacyrights.C)Encouragingmoresurveillancetoenhancesecurity.D)Reducingtheroleoflegalframeworksindataregulation.试卷答案1.B解析思路：文章首段对比了AI的支持者和批评者的观点，第二段具体阐述了支持者和批评者的看法及其担忧。文章整体目的是呈现AI的利弊，故B选项“概述人工智能的潜在益处和缺点”与文章主旨最符。A选项片面，C选项与文章基调不符，D选项只是文章提到的一个方面，并非主旨。2.C解析思路：根据第二段第二句“However,criticsraiselegitimateconcernsaboutthepotentialdisplacementofjobs,theexacerbationofinequality,andtheethicaldilemmasassociatedwithautonomousdecision-making.”可知，批评者合乎逻辑的担忧包括工作可能被取代、不平等可能加剧以及与自主决策相关的伦理困境。C选项“AI可能导致失业和不平等加剧”准确概括了这一点。A、B选项与批评者的观点相反，D选项文章未提及。3.C解析思路：根据上下文，“exacerbation”修饰“inequality”，且与“joblosses”并列，指的是不平等状况的恶化或加剧。C选项“加剧”符合此语境。A选项“减少”与文意相反，B选项“缓解”与文意相反，D选项“创造”在此处语义不符。4.C解析思路：根据最后一段“NavigatingthiscomplexlandscaperequiresabalancedapproachthatharnessesthebenefitsofAIwhilemitigatingitsrisksthroughthoughtfulpolicy-making,ethicalguidelines,andongoingpublicdiscourse.”可知，管理AI带来的挑战需要一种平衡的方法，通过深思熟虑的政策制定、道德准则和持续的社会公开讨论来利用AI的好处并减轻其风险。C选项“一种包含监管和公开讨论的平衡方法”与原文意思一致。A选项与原文“balancedapproach”相反，B选项和D选项都过于片面，未能体现原文的平衡和多方参与。5.B解析思路：根据上下文，“augmentingourcapabilities”指的是AI与人类协作，增强人类的能力和功能。B选项“增强人类技能和功能”符合此语境。A选项“限制人类能力”、C选项“减少对人类劳动的需求”和D选项“削弱人类决策过程”都与文意不符。6.B解析思路：文章首段指出可持续城市发展是当务之急，第二段阐述了当代方法如何将生态原则融入城市规划，并列举了具体措施和益处。文章核心在于强调将可持续性纳入城市规划的重要性。B选项“将可持续性纳入城市规划的重要性”准确概括了主旨。A、C、D选项都是文章提到的部分内容或背景信息，但并非主旨。7.A解析思路：根据第二段第一句“However,criticsarguethattraditionalurbanplanningoftenprioritizedeconomicgrowthandinfrastructureexpansion,sometimesattheexpenseofenvironmentalqualityandsocialequity.”可知，批评者认为传统城市规划的一个缺点是往往以牺牲环境质量为代价来优先考虑经济增长。A选项“它往往忽视了环境质量”与原文意思一致。B选项与原文“socialequity”不符，C、D选项文章未提及。8.B解析思路：“holistic”意为整体的、全面的。根据上下文，当代城市规划采用整体方法，将生态原则视为一个完整的系统来考虑，而不是孤立的部分。B选项“全面的”符合此语境。A、C选项与“holistic”的意思相反，D选项“短期的”与文意不符。9.C解析思路：根据第二段最后一句“Suchinitiativesnotonlyhelpmitigatetheurbanheatislandeffectandreducepollutionbutalsofosterasenseofcommunityandimproveresidents'qualityoflife.”可知，这些举措（指代前文提到的可持续发展措施）不仅有助于缓解城市热岛效应和减少污染，而且有助于培养社区意识和提高居民的生活质量。C选项“缓解环境问题和提高居民福祉”准确概括了益处。A选项与文意相反，B选项与文意相反，D选项与原文强调的平衡发展不符。10.C解析思路：根据最后一句“Achievingsustainabilityincitiesrequirescollaborationamongpolicymakers,urbanplanners,businesses,andresidents.”可知，实现可持续城市需要决策者、城市规划者、企业和居民之间的合作。C选项“来自不同利益相关者的合作”与原文意思一致。A、B、D选项都过于片面，未能体现原文强调的合作多方。11.B解析思路：文章首段提出全球食物系统面临确保粮食安全和可持续性的挑战，第二段进一步阐述了这些挑战（气候变化、资源枯竭、人口压力），并引出替代方法（有机农业、永续农业、垂直农业）作为潜在解决方案。文章主要目的是探讨全球食物系统面临的挑战及可能的解决方案。B选项“全球食物系统面临的挑战和潜在解决方案”最符合文章主旨。A、C、D选项都是文章提到的细节或方面，但并非中心议题。12.B解析思路：根据上下文，“detrimental”用来修饰“environmentalconsequences”，指的是对环境产生的有害影响。B选项“有害的”符合此语境。A选项“有益的”与文意相反，C选项“中性的”与文意不符，D选项“暂时的”在此处语义不符。13.C解析思路：根据第二段“alternativeapproachessuchasorganicfarming,permaculture,andverticalfarmingaimtoreduceenvironmentalimpact,conserveresources,andpromotemorelocalizedandsustainablefoodproduction.”可知，这些替代方法旨在减少环境Impact，节约资源，并促进更本地化、更可持续的食物生产。C选项“努力减少环境Impact并节约资源”准确概括了这些方法的特征。A选项与替代方法的目的相反，B选项与替代方法的特点相反，D选项与原文强调的挑战不符。14.C解析思路：根据最后一段“Whilethesealternativesofferpromisingsolutions,theyalsopresentsignificanteconomicandlogisticalhurdles.”可知，尽管这些替代方案提供了有希望的解决方案，但它们也带来了重大的经济和后勤障碍。C选项“经济和后勤方面的困难”与原文意思一致。A、B选项文章未提及，D选项是挑战的原因，而非挑战本身。15.C解析思路：根据最后一段最后一句“Overcomingtheseobstaclesrequiresinnovation,investment,andaglobalcommitmenttotransformingthefoodsystemtowardsamoresustainableandequitablefuture.”可知，克服这些障碍需要创新、投资和全球范围内致力于将食物系统转变为更可持续和公平的未来。C选项“创新、投资和全球合作”与原文意思一致。A选项与原文“alternativeapproaches”相反，B选项是外部因素，并非文章主旨，D选项与原文“globalcommitment”不符。16.B解析思路：文章首段指出数字时代隐私概念的转变，以及数据收集和监控的普及引发的担忧。第二段详细讨论了数据收集带来的隐私问题、监控技术的进步以及平衡数据益处与隐私权的需求。文章核心是