龙岩市人民医院超声医学英语考核

龙岩市人民医院超声医学英语考核一、单选题（共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofusingcontrast-enhancedultrasound(CEUS)inclinicalpractice?A.Toimprovetheresolutionofanatomicalstructures.B.Toevaluatebloodflowandtissueperfusion.C.Toreducetheneedforpost-procedureimaging.D.Toenhancethevisualizationofcalcifiedlesions.2.Whichultrasoundtechniqueismostcommonlyusedforassessingfetalcardiacstructureandfunction?A.Dopplerultrasonography.B.Colorflowimaging.C.PowerDopplerimaging.D.3Dultrasound.3.Whatdoestheterm'B-modeultrasound'referto?A.AmethodofDopplerflowanalysis.B.Atwo-dimensionalgrayscaleimage.C.Athree-dimensionalvolumetricscan.D.Atechniqueforassessingtissueelasticity.4.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncomplicationoftransesophagealechocardiography(TEE)?A.Hematomaformationattheinsertionsite.B.Hypotensionduetosedation.C.Airembolism.D.Alloftheabove.5.Whatistheprimaryadvantageofusingharmonicimaginginabdominalultrasound?A.Itimprovesimageresolution.B.Itreducesartifactscausedbyreverberation.C.Itincreasesthedepthofpenetration.D.Itenhancesthedetectionofsmallvessels.6.Whichultrasoundparameterisusedtomeasurethespeedofbloodflow?A.Pulserepetitionfrequency(PRF).B.Dopplershiftfrequency.C.Gaincontrol.D.Timegaincompensation(TGC).7.Whatistheroleofacouplinggelinultrasoundimaging?A.Toenhancecontrastinsofttissues.B.Toreduceacousticimpedancemismatch.C.ToimprovetheaccuracyofDopplermeasurements.D.Topreventartifactsfromreverberation.8.Whichultrasoundmodalityismostsuitableforevaluatingmusculoskeletalinjuries?A.Abdominalultrasound.B.Cardiacultrasound.C.Musculoskeletalultrasound.D.Obstetricultrasound.9.Whatisthesignificanceofa"grayscalescale"inultrasoundimaging?A.Itindicatestheintensityoftissuereflectivity.B.Itmeasuresthedepthoftheultrasoundbeam.C.Itdeterminesthefrequencyoftheultrasoundwaves.D.Itreflectsthebloodflowvelocity.10.Whichultrasoundtechniqueiscommonlyusedforassessingthethicknessandfunctionoftherenalparenchyma?A.ColorDopplerimaging.B.Strainelastography.C.B-modeultrasound.D.PowerDopplerimaging.二、多选题（共5题，每题3分，共15分）1.Whichofthefollowingareadvantagesofultrasoundoverotherimagingmodalities?A.Itisnon-invasive.B.Itdoesnotuseionizingradiation.C.Itprovidesreal-timeimaging.D.Itishighlysensitivetobonestructures.E.Itiscost-effectiveforroutineuse.2.Whatarethepotentialrisksassociatedwithcontrast-enhancedultrasound(CEUS)?A.Allergicreactionstocontrastagents.B.Increasedriskofnephrotoxicityinpatientswithrenalimpairment.C.Hemolysisofredbloodcells.D.Interferencewithotherimagingmodalities.E.Noadverseeffectsifusedcorrectly.3.Whichultrasoundtechniquesareusefulforevaluatingliverlesions?A.Dopplerflowimaging.B.Shearwaveelastography.C.B-modeultrasound.D.ColorDopplerimaging.E.Harmonicimaging.4.Whatarethekeycomponentsofanultrasoundmachine?A.Transducer.B.Signalprocessor.C.Displayunit.D.Powersupply.E.Imagestoragesystem.5.Whichultrasoundfindingsareconsistentwithapositivetestfordeepveinthrombosis(DVT)?A.Presenceofalow-velocityarterialjet.B.Irregularityoftheveinwall.C.Lackofcompressibilityofthevein.D.Presenceofa"cannonball"flowpattern.E.Normalflowvelocityinthevein.三、填空题（共10题，每题1分，共10分）1.Theprocessofconvertingultrasoundwavesintoelectricalsignalsiscalled________.2.Thetermusedtodescribetheabilityofanultrasoundwavetopenetratetissueis________.3.Thephenomenonwhereultrasoundwavesreflectoffaboundaryandreturntothetransducerisknownas________.4.TheDopplereffectinultrasoundisusedtomeasure________inbloodvessels.5.Theultrasoundtechniquethatassessestissuestiffnessiscalled________.6.Thetermforthedarkestareainanultrasoundimageis________.7.Theultrasoundmodalityusedtoevaluatefetaldevelopmentiscalled________.8.Theprocessofadjustingtheultrasoundmachinetocompensatefordepth-dependentattenuationis________.9.Theultrasoundtechniquethatuseshigh-frequencysoundwavestoimproveimageclarityis________.10.Thetermforthebrightareasinanultrasoundimageis________.四、简答题（共5题，每题4分，共20分）1.ExplaintheprincipleofDopplerultrasonographyanditsclinicalapplications.2.DescribethedifferencesbetweenB-modeandM-modeultrasound.3.Whatarethecommonindicationsforperformingatransesophagealechocardiogram(TEE)?4.Explainhowcontrast-enhancedultrasound(CEUS)improvesthedetectionofliverlesions.5.Whatarethestepstooptimizeultrasoundimagingformusculoskeletalexaminations?五、论述题（共1题，共15分）Discusstheroleofultrasoundinthediagnosisandmanagementofpediatricabdominalpain,includingthecommonfindingsandlimitationsofthetechnique.答案与解析一、单选题1.B–CEUSisprimarilyusedtoevaluatebloodflowandtissueperfusionbyenhancingthevisualizationofvascularstructures.2.A–Dopplerultrasonographyisessentialforassessingfetalcardiacfunctionbymeasuringbloodflowthroughtheheart.3.B–B-modeultrasoundgeneratesatwo-dimensionalgrayscaleimagebydisplayingtissuereflectivity.4.C–AirembolismisararebutseriouscomplicationofTEEduetotheintroductionofairintotheesophagus.5.B–Harmonicimagingreducesartifactscausedbyreverberation,improvingimagequalityinabdominalultrasound.6.B–Dopplershiftfrequencyisusedtomeasurebloodflowvelocitybyanalyzingthechangeinfrequencyofreflectedultrasoundwaves.7.B–Couplinggelreducesacousticimpedancemismatchbetweenthetransducerandtheskin,improvingimagetransmission.8.C–Musculoskeletalultrasoundisspecificallydesignedtoevaluatetendons,ligaments,andothersofttissues.9.A–Thegrayscalescaleindicatestissuereflectivity,withdarkerareasrepresentinglessreflectivetissues.10.C–B-modeultrasoundisusedtoassessrenalparenchymathicknessandstructure.二、多选题1.A,B,C,E–Ultrasoundisnon-invasive,radiation-free,real-time,andcost-effectiveforroutineuse.2.A,B,C,D–CEUSmaycauseallergicreactions,nephrotoxicity,hemolysis,andinterferencewithotherimaging.3.A,B,C,D,E–Alllistedtechniquesareusefulforevaluatingliverlesions,includingDoppler,elastography,B-mode,colorDoppler,andharmonicimaging.4.A,B,C,D,E–Anultrasoundmachineincludesatransducer,signalprocessor,displayunit,powersupply,andstoragesystem.5.B,C,D–DVTischaracterizedbyirregularveinwalls,lackofcompressibility,andabnormalflowpatterns.三、填空题1.Signalconversion2.Penetrationdepth3.Reverberation4.Bloodflowvelocity5.Strainelastography6.Shadow7.Obstetricultrasound8.Timegaincompensation(TGC)9.Harmonicimaging10.Brightarea四、简答题1.Dopplerultrasonography–ThistechniqueusestheDopplereffecttomeasurebloodflowvelocitybyanalyzingthechangeinfrequencyofultrasoundwavesreflectedfrommovingredbloodcells.Itisclinicallyusedtoassessvasculardiseases,suchasstenosis,thrombosis,andarterialbypass.2.B-modevs.M-mode–B-modeprovidesatwo-dimensionalgrayscaleimageoftissuestructure,whileM-modedisplaysmotionovertime,typicallyusedforcardiacmotionanalysis.3.IndicationsforTEE–TEEisusedfordetailedcardiacevaluation,suchasdetectingvalvularabnormalities,assessingcardiacfunction,andguidinginterventions.4.CEUSinliverlesions–CEUSenhancesthevisualizationofliverlesionsbyusingcontrastagentsthathighlightvascularpat