中考初中宾语从句讲义(含答案)

中考初中宾语从句讲义（含答案）初中宾语从句：第一讲导入：（在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语）Ikowntheman.（而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语）IknowthatthemanisapolicemanThemanisapoliceman.1.基本概念宾语：动作的承受者从句：主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句：是主从复合句的一种。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语2.考试题型：宾语从句是中考的重点语法项目，其主要的考试形式出现在“选择填空和短文改错”中。3.引导词：(1)由从属连词that引导的宾语从句:e.g.Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour.注：that在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。(2)由疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what和疑问副词where,when,why,how引导的宾语从句:e.g.1)Doyouknowwhosebookitis?（谁的，作定语）2)Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?（为什么，作状语）3)Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.（谁，作主语）注：这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。(3)由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句:if/whether引导宾语从句表示“是否”之义，在句中不充当句子成份。e.g.Iwanttoknowif/whethersheisright.Theydidn’tknowwhetherTomcouldcomebackornot.Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.If与whether的区别（1）与ornot连用只能用whetherEg:Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.（2）介词后只能用whetherEg:Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.（3）与todo不定式连用只能用whetherEg:Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.（4）当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导Eg:____hewillcomeisnotdecided.三、宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothezoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.四、宾语从句种的时态变化Ihear(that)Jimwas(be)aworkertwoyearsago.Jimis(be)anEnglishteachernow.Jimwillcook(cook)dinnertomorrow.Jimissinging(sing)apopularsongnow.Jimhasbeen(be)totheGreatWalltwice.Jimwasplaying(play)basketballwhenhisfathercameback.Jimhadlearned(learn)1000Chinesewordsbytheendoflastsemester.Hesaidwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.A.soon.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.Hetoldme(that)summerisafterSpring.Iwastold(that)thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Myparentstoldme(that)nonewsisgoodnews.1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）一、三类词引导的宾语从句：从属连词that疑问词：8个“W”,1个“H”从属连词whether/if二、宾语从句的语序三、宾语从句的时态1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended5.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings10.Ican'tunderstand_________.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeansII.按要求转换句型。1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?Couldyoutellus?（改写句子）→Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?2."Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.（变为复合句）→Heaskedme_________thegirl_________somehelp．3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.（合并为一个句子）_________Jim_________Tomisastudent.4.Whendoesthetrainleave?Iwanttoknow.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用not．．．until改写)They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework．6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday.宾语从句专项训练参考答案：I.1—5DDDCD6—10ADDBDII.1.if／whether;enjoys2.if／whether;needed3.㬶㬸㭔㭖㮂㹂㹄㺒㺔㺖îîîîé二、英语书面表达专项训练2．如今，很多城市出现了一种绿色出行方式――共享单车（bike-sharing），它因环保、便捷而备受青睐，但同时也引发了一些问题。请你根据提示以＂Bike-sharing＂为题写一篇英语短文，表达自己的看法和建议。要点提示：AdvantagesBeconvenient,lesspollution,reducethetrafficpressure（减缓交通压力）Takeexercise…ProblemsThrowaway,damage（毁损）,bestolen…AdviceCivilized（文明的）,followtherules,takegoodcareof…注意：1.短文应包括以上要点，可适当发挥，以使行文连贯；2.文中不得出现真实的人名、校名及地名；3.词数：80-100（文章开头已给出，不计入总词数）。Bike-sharingToday,asagreenermeansoftransportation,bike-sharingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinmanycities.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Today,asagreenermeansoftransportation,bike-sharingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinmanycities.It'sknownthatithasmanyadvantages.Soit'senjoyedbylotsofpeople.Firstofall,it'sveryconvenientforpeopletogosomewhere.【高分句型一】Also,ithelpstoreducethetrafficpressure.Therewillbelesspollutionbecauseofbike-sharing.Besides,bike-sharinghelpspeopletakemoreexercise.Inthisway,it'shelpfultopeople'shealth.（优势）However,italsobringssomeproblems.Forexample,somepeoplethrowthemawayafterusingbikes.Evensomepeopledamagethem,andsomebikesarestolen.（难题）Inmyopinion,everyoneshouldtrytobecivilizedandfollowtherulesofusingbikes.Aslongaswetakegoodcareofbikes,itwillmakeourlifebetterandbetter,andourenvironmentwillbemorebeautiful.【高分句型二】（建议）【解析】【详解】这篇短文内容丰富，表达了所有要点，语言表达准确，意思连贯，符合逻辑。在短文中使用了大量的复合句、固定句式、连词及固定短语，为文章增色不少，.如:It'sknownthatithasmanyadvantages.，Firstofall,it'sveryconvenientforpeopletogosomewhere.，Also,Besides,Inthisway,However,italsobringssomeproblems.Forexample,Inmyopinion,等。【点睛】本文要求以“Bike-sharing”为题，根据表格的内容提示，写一篇短文，表达自己对共享单车的看法和建议。写作时，考生要紧密贴合表格中的三个要点：首先，阐述共享单车的优点；其次，列举共享单车带来的问题；最后，根据问题给出个人建议。3．旅行是学习的最好方式之一。请以“Travelling”为题，根据以下思维导图的提示，写一篇短文，并发表你的看法。注意：1.要点齐全，适当发挥；2.从思维导图Sayings部分，选择恰当的格合理利用在短文中；3.词数：100词左右；【答案】例文Travellingisoneofthebestwaysforlearning.Youmayhavereadorheardaboutsomething,butyoucannevergetanexactpictureofituntilyouseeityourself.Seeingisbelieving.Ifyouareacarefulobserver,youcanlearnmuchduringyourtravelaboutthegeography,biology,andhistoryoftheplacesyouvisit.Youcanalsocreategreatmemoriesforyourlifetime.Furthermore,whiletravelling,youcanmeetmorepeopleandmakemorefriends.Nomatterhowwelleducatedyouare,thereisalwaysalotforyoutolearnthroughtravelling.【解析】【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如oneofthebestways，learnmuch，anexactpictureof，acarefulobserver，seeingisbelieving，nomatter，alot等。而非谓语动词结构Seeingisbelieving./Furthermore,whiletravelling,youcanmeetmorepeopleandmakemorefriends.和Ifyouareacarefulobserver,youcanlearnmuchduringyourtravelaboutthegeography,biology,andhistoryoftheplacesyouvisit./Nomatterhowwelleducatedyouare,thereisalwaysalotforyoutolearnthroughtravelling.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。【点睛】书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。4．从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。题目①假如你是李华，本周六龙湖公园将举办端午节游园活动。你打算邀请你们班交换生Peter和你一起参加，请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他你们见面的时间、地点，在那儿可以做些什么以及他需要做什么准备。提示词语:meet,takepartin,thedragonboatrace,makeZongzi,camera…提示问题:Whenandwhereareyougoingtomeet?Whatcanyoudothere?WhatdoyouadvisePetertoprepare?DearPeter,Howisitgoing?ThisSaturdayistheDragonBoatFestival.TherewillbealotofinterestingactivitiesinLonghuPark.I’mwritingtoinviteyoutogotherewithme.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I’mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua题目②“我们都在努力奔跑,我们都是追梦人。”有梦想就有目标,有希冀才会奋斗。某英文网站正在开展以“WeAreAllDreamers”为主题的征文活动,假如你是李华,请用英语写一篇短文投稿。谈谈你的梦想是什么？你为什么会有这样的梦想？为了实现你的梦想,你打算怎么做？提示词语：wanttobe,like,studyhard,cometrue...提示问题：●What'syourdreamandwhy?●Whatwillyoudotomakeyourdreamcometrue?【答案】例文：Dearpeter,Howisitgoing?ThisSaturdayistheDragonBoatFestival.TherewillbealotofinterestingactivitiesinLonghuPark.I’mwritingtoinviteyoutogotherewithme.WearegoingtomeetatthesouthgateofLonghuParkat9o’clock.Wecanwatchthedragonboatrace.It’sveryexciting.Afterthat,wewilllearnhowtomakeZongzi.Ithinkyouwillbeinterestedinit.Bytheway,youcantakeacameraoryoursmartphoneifyouwanttotakesomephotos.I’mlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】这是一篇给材料作文，给Peter写一封信，邀请他参加端午节游园活动，告诉我们见面的时间、地点以及要做的活动。【详解】结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般将来时，人称为第一、三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：ThisSaturdayis……，Therewillbe……，Wearegoingto……，Wecanwatch……等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。【点睛】本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头表示我邀请你参加端午节游园活动，接下来介绍我们见面的时间和地点以及可以做的事，最后期望收到你的回复。此处invitesbtodosth,learntodosth,beinterestedin,bytheway,lookforwardto等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。5．假如你是韩梅，你的一位英国笔友Kate发来电子邮件，说她下星期来中国，她向你询问中国的餐桌礼仪。请你根据下面提示给她回一封电子邮件，告诉她有关情况。词数80～100。提示：1.让客人和长辈先吃每一道菜；2.不要用筷子敲碗；3.不要将手伸到饭桌对面夹菜；4.等大家都到齐了才开始吃；5.为主人的长寿、健康、成功干杯……Dearkate，I’mgladtoreceiveyouremail.NowIwanttotellyousomethingabouttheChinesetablemanners._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,【答案】DearKate,I’mgladtoreceiveyouremail.NowIwanttotellyousomethingaboutthechinesetablemanners.InChina.thehostorhostessdoesn’teateverydishfirstuntiltheguestsandeldersbegin.Youcan’ttapbowlswiththechopsticks.Youshouldn’treachacrossthetableorinfrontofsomeonetogetsomethingtoeat.Youcaneatuntileveryoneisatthetable.Besides,youshouldtoastlongevity,goodhealthorsuccessofthehostorhostess.WelcometoChina!Yours,HanMei【解析】【详解】本文是书信写作，注意书信写作格式，开头与结尾。把自己当做韩梅，切不可在文中出现自己的真实名字等信息。要求根据内容要点来写作。学生首先要认真阅读材料中给出的短语及相关信息,认真审题,确定文章的中心。在写作的文章具有一定的连贯性,还应注意使用一些连接词,使文章的表达更有逻辑性和条理性。写作时还要注意:1.书写规范；2.可适当加入细节,使内容充实,行文连贯；3.写完后要认真检查是否有漏写要点,有无拼写错误等。高分句型：InChina.在中国。thehostorhostessdoesn’teateverydishfirstuntiltheguestsandeldersbegin.在客人和长辈开始用餐之前，主人不会先把每道菜都吃完。Youshouldn’treachacrossthetableorinfrontofsomeonetogetsomethingtoeat.你不应该越过桌子或在别人面前拿东西吃。Besides,youshouldtoastlongevity,goodhealthorsuccessofthehostorhostess.此外，你应该为主人的长寿、健康或成功干杯。【点睛】注意写作过程中，将要点展开并表达清楚，注意使用英语的经典句型,避免出现汉语表达。6．书面表达近年来，人们非常关注学生的安全。很多学校为此取消了许多有意义的外出活动，如春游、夏令营、野餐等。假设你是育英中学的一名学生张明，请给郑校长发一封电子邮件，就此发表自己的看法。要点如下：1.安全第一，但开展一些户外活动还是有必要的；2.通过这些活动，学生不仅能增长知识，还能开拓视野；3.与大自然亲密接触，能增强同学们的环保意识；4.建议学校在活动之前教给学生一些安全常识，让学生学会保护自己和自救。参考词汇：outdooractivities户外活动；openupone’seyes开阔视野注意：1.词数80—100；2.请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥；3.文中不能出现真实的校名和人名；4.邮件的开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。DearMr.Zheng,I’msorrytotroubleyou.I’mZhangMing,astudentfromYuyingHighSchool.I’mwritingtoyouaboutoutdooractivities.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,ZhangMing【答案】DearMr.Zheng,I’msorrytotroubleyou.I’mZhangMing,astudentfromYuyingHighschool.Vmwritingtoyouaboutoutdooractivities.Couldyoupleaseorganizesomeoutdooractivitiesforus,dearheadmaster?Ofcourse,safetycomesfirst.Butit’snecessaryforustotakepartinsuchactivities.Inmyopinion,wecanlearnmoreknowledgeandopenupoureyesinthisway.What’smore,it’sagoodwayforustolearntoprotecttheenvironmentbystayingclosetothenature.Andwecangetonwellwithourteachersandclassmates.Whynotshowussomesafetyknowledgebeforetheseactivities.It’sagoodchanceforustolearntoprotectandsaveourselves.Bestwishes!Yours,ZhangMing【解析】【详解】近年来，人们非常关注学生的安全。很多学校为此取消了许多有意义的外出活动，如春游、夏令营、野餐等。假设你是育英中学的一名学生张明，请给郑校长发一封电子邮件，就此发表自己的看法。这是一篇给材料作文，介绍自己的度假计划本文做给材料比较详细，叙述中注意将要点中的事情介绍清楚，可以适当取舍。动笔前先根据材料确定时态，句式，词汇等主要内容。根据内容可知本文时态问题比较复杂，注意时态与时间状语的搭配问题，人称主要是第一人称。写作中注意使用连接词，注意表达的多样化，做到语意连贯符合逻辑。【点睛】文中用到了一些好的句型，这些句型给文中增色不少，如：Couldyoupleaseorganizesomeoutdooractivitiesforus；Inmyopinion,wecanlearnmoreknowledgeandopenupoureyesinthisway.7．为配合学校“诚信教育”活动，学校英语报开展了以“Trytobehonest”为主题的征文活动。请你根据下面的内容提示，写一篇征文稿。（1）列举你班同学存在的不诚实现象：抄作业，考试作弊，说谎话......;（2）简述诚实的重要性，并用你的一次具体经历加以说明。注意：（1）文中不得出现真实的人名和学校名称。（2）词数100左右。（3）短文首句仅供参考，不计入总数。参考词汇：作弊cheat（v.）说谎tellalieTrytobehonestTobehonestisoneofthemosttreasuredtraditionalvaluesinChina._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】TrytobehonestTobehonestisoneofthemosttreasuredtraditionalvaluesinChina.Thechildrenaretaughttobehonestwhentheyareveryyoung.Atschoolsthestudentsarealsoinstructedtobehonest.However,withthedevelopmentofsociety,weoftenhearcomplaintsaboutdishonesty.Reportswiththethemeofdishonestyoftenappearinthemedia.Forexample,somepeopletrytogetrichandliveacomfortablelife.Buttheydonotworkhardhonestly,insteadtheycheatothers.Theysellsomethingquiteordinaryataveryhighprice.Somepeople’sdelayingpayingbacktheloancanserveasanotherexample.Somepeople,includingsomecollegestudents,getloanfromthebank,andpromisetopaywithin,say,3years.However,theydon’tdothat.Thedishonestpeoplesometimescangetbenefitfromtheirbehaviors.Sosomepeopleassertthatdishonestycanbringpeoplebenefit,whilehonestyonlymakespeoplesuffer.Isthatso?Definitelynot.Itisalwaystruethathonestyisthebestpolicy.Itpaystobehonest.Thecheaterselling"thetreasure"mentionedabovewillsurelybedisclosedandpunishedsomeday.Onthecontrary,ifhehadbeenhonest,neitherthebuyernorhehimselfwouldhavesuffered.Thepeoplewhodonotreturnmoneyintimewillsoonerorlaterbecomeinfamous,andwillnotgetthemoneyfromothersagain.Ifhehadacteddifferently,hewouldhaveearnedrespectandtrust,meanwhile,thebankwouldnothavesufferedfromloss.【解析】这是一篇诚信征文，英语作文要注意人称和时态，注意提供的观点、材料，要注意句子的完整性，谓语动词的正确形式，句子之间的衔接和过渡。英语作文，要忠实于材料，不必扩展，注意用好连词，多用非谓语，慎用较难的句型，一定不能写错句。8．书面表达初中生活即将结束。在这三年里你的生活中定不乏难以忘怀的人或事，请以“Anunforgettableinmyschoollife”为题，用英语写一篇短文。讲述一个你最难忘的人或事。要求:1.请补全题目，如teacher.classmate或trip等:2.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校姓名;3.语言表达准确,短文连贯通顺，80词左右。【答案】AnunforgettableteacherinmyschoollifeForthesethreeyears,IregardmyEnglishteacherasoneofmybestteachers.ShenotonlyhelpsmewithmyEnglishbutalsocaresformeinlife.WhenIfirstlearnedEnglish,Idarednottalkinherclassbecauseofmypronunciation.Shetaughtmehowtopronouncethewordscorrectlyagainandagainwithpatience.Afterclass,shegavemelotsofadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell.NowIcanspeakEnglishaswellasmyclassmates.ShelooksaftermelikemymotherwhileIambusy