《新课程大学英语 I 》- 1 Unit 2 Text A

Pre-readingWhile-readingAfter-readingUnit2TextAHello,Everybody2.DosandDon'tsinCommunication3.MeetingEtiquette

1.DiscussionTextA:Pre-reading4.Sayings5.MainIdea1.Discussion:

Workingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.(1)Whatwillyoudowhenyoumeetastrangerinyourpath,sayinghelloorjustwalkingpast?(2)Doyouthinkitnecessarytogreetyourfamilymemberseveryday?Why?(3)Whatbenefitsdoyouthinkgreetingeveryonewillbringus?(4)What

arethemostcommonways

wecommunicate?Pre-readingPre-readingverbalcommunication7%Non-verbalcommunication93%Vocal:tone,rate,volumnused38%Visual:bodylanguage55%SENDER(encodes)RECEIVER(decodes)BarrierBarrierMediumFeedback/Response2.DosandDon'tsincommunication.Alwaysthinkaheadaboutwhatyouaregoingtosay.Usesimplewordsandphrasesthatareunderstoodbyeverybody.Increaseyourknowledgeonallsubjectsyouarerequiredtospeak.Speakclearlyandaudibly.

DosChecktwicewiththelistenerwhetheryouhavebeenunderstoodaccuratelyornotIncaseofaninterruption,alwaysdoalittlerecapofwhathasbeenalreadysaid.Alwayspayundividedattentiontothespeakerwhilelistening.

DosWhilelistening,alwaysmakenotesofimportantpoints.Alwaysaskforclarificationifyouhavefailedtograspother’spointofview.Repeatwhatthespeakerhassaidtocheckwhetheryouhaveunderstoodaccurately

Dos

DON’TsDonotinstantlyreactandmuttersomethinginanger.Donotusetechnicalterms&terminologiesnotunderstoodbymajorityofpeople.Donotspeaktoofastortooslow.Donotspeakininaudiblesurroundings,asyouwon’tbeheard.Donotassumethateverybodyunderstandsyou.Whilelisteningdonotglancehereandthereasitmightdistractthespeaker.Donotinterruptthespeaker.Donotjumptotheconclusionthatyouhaveunderstoodeverything.

DON’Ts3.MeetingEtiquettebecauseofthehistoricalandculturaldifferences,therearemanyetiquettedifferences.Herearefiveimpressivetypesofetiquette.meetingetiquette(1)handshakeritualfirstoriginatedinEurope,andnowpopularwiththeworld.Itisacommonetiquetteininterpersonalandbusinessactivities.握手礼起源于欧洲，现已流行世界，是人际交往和商务活动常见的见面礼节。betweenmenandwomen,womenhandsfirst;betweeneldersandjuniors,eldershandsfirst;betweentheupperandlowerlevels,theupperhandsfirstthentheotheronecanreachoutandgripmeetingetiquette(2)InNorthKorea,SouthKoreaandJapan,peoplelikebowingtoshowtheirrespect.在朝鲜、韩国和日本，人们喜欢行鞠躬礼表示尊敬。meetingetiquette(3)HugritualisacommoncourtesyinEurope,America,MiddleEastandSouthAmerica,whichisaclosemeetingetiquette.Theritualisgenerallyusedforsame-sexorintimateheterosexual.在欧美、中东及南美洲常见的礼节是拥抱礼。一般用于同性或者亲密的异性之间。Americans,Russians,aretemperamentgenerous,andfeelingsexposednation,theylikewarm-hug.Americanseffusiveinformally,daretorevealfeelingswarmlyembraced,ofteninpublic,whentheyapartfromfriendsandfamily,theycuddletogetheralongtimeglueycuddle.美国人、俄罗斯人均是性情好爽、感情外露的民族，喜欢热烈式的拥抱，美国人不拘礼节，敢于感情表露，常在公共场合拥抱，亲朋好友离别时，更是长时间搂在一起。meetingetiquette(4)NamasteisoriginatedinIndia.ItismorecommoninBuddhistcountriessuchasThailand,Nepal.Initially,onlybetweenBuddhistsandlaterdevelopedintoauniversalmeetingetiquette.合十礼起源于印度，流行于泰国、缅甸、尼泊尔等佛教国家。最初仅为佛教徒之间的拜礼，后发展为全民性的见面礼节。李连杰与泰国公主meetingetiquette(5)handkissisamatterofprotocalpopularintheupperclassofEuropeandtheUnitedStates.FranceandBritainlikethis.吻手礼流行于欧美上层社会。英法两国比较喜欢这种礼节。希拉克与默克尔希拉克Pre-reading4.SayingsPre-readingHethatconversesnotknowsnothing.不和人交谈的人一无所知。Readingmakethafullman,conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.读书使人渊博，交谈使人机敏，写作使人严谨Pre-reading5.MainIdeaTheauthorinthistext,bysayinghellotoeveryonehemetforonemonth,makesadescriptionofwhathelearnedasfollows.It'sdisarmingthatfriendlinessissorarenowadays.Forinstance,theagedislessfriendlythantheteenagersandkidstendtoescapefromstrangers.Duetodifferentsettings,peopleinvacationspotsarefarfriendlierthanthoserushingtoworkdowntown.Infact,greetingcanincreaseproductivity.Forexample,Middleschoolteachersgreettheirstudentseverymorningandthisresultsinmoreclassparticipationandbettergrades.Inaddition,itcansaveyourmarriage.Tosumup,sayinghellotoeveryoneisaformofhealthinsurance.Itwillmakeyoufeellighterandmoreconnectedandhaveabettersenseofwell-being.Instead,itwillbeintimidatingandevenexhaustingifyouthinkthere'snoneedtogreeteveryoneyoumeet.While-reading：Text

Hello,EverybodyWhile-reading：Text

Hello,Everybody

Whathappenswhenyougreeteveryoneinyourpathforamonth?

JoeKita1Hello.It'soneofthefirstwordswelearnasbabies,yetit'soneofthelastoneswethinktouseasadults.Inournever-endingrushtogetsomethingorsomewhere,itseemswedon'thavetimeanymoreforthismost

basicofgestures.While-reading：Text

Andthat'sunfortunate,becausesayinghelloismorethanjustsayinghello.Itisapause,howeverbrief,toaffirmanother'sworth(andhaveyoursaffirmed

inreturn).Howmighttheworldchangeandhowmightwechange—ifwemasteredthisword?Tofindout,IspentonemonthsayinghellotoeverypersonImet.Thatmeantstrangersonthestreet,peopleincyberspace,andevenmyselfinthemirroreverymorning.Here'swhatIlearned:

While-reading：Text

2It'snotaseasyasyouthink.Agegivesusacrust,likethefilmonrefrigeratedpudding.Eventhoughwemaystillbesoftdeepdown,

that'snotwhatotherssee.I,forone,lookalotlessfriendlyasabald49-year-oldthanIdidasacurly-hairedteen.Mistrustbecomesourunfortunatecatchword,andit'stoughertoraiseahandingreeting.Ourtendencyistospeaktopeopleonlywhenweneedsomething,andthat'sadifficulthabittobreak.While-reading：Text3Friendlinessissorarenowadays,it'sdisarming.Becausepeoplearen'taccustomedtobeinggreeted,IfounditasecretwaytograbtheirattentionandgetwhatIwanted.Forinstance,whenIbeganane-mailwith"Hi,"Iwasmorelikelytogetareply.AndwhenIsaidhellotocashiersandclerks,Igotbetterservice.It'sasifIwokethemuptomypresence.While-reading：Text4Itcanboost

productivity.Inoneofthefewstudieseverdone

onthissubject,middleschoolteachersgreettheirstudentsindividuallyeachmorning.Thisbriefinteractionultimatelyraisedthekids'productivityby27percent.Schoolwentfromimpersonaltopersonal,heexplains,andthatresultedinmoreclassparticipationandbettergrades.(Managers,takenote:Perhapsyourtimewouldbebetterspentattheofficedoorsaying"Goodmorning.")While-reading：Text5Peopleyouwouldn'tnormallyacknowledge

turnouttobe

thefriendliest.Thegnarly,thedirty,thesemi-strange…inotherwords,thepeopleI'dnormallyavoidornotevennoticeweretheoneswho

reactedthemostwarmly.Nodoubtit'sbecausethey'resoaccustomedtobeingignoredthatanyacknowledgmentisasurpriseandanhonor.6Respect

begetsrespect.Inormallyrunorbicyclethesamerouteatthesametimeeachday.WhenIstartedwavingtothedriverswhopassed,anunusualthinghappened:Afterafewdays,theynotonlystartedwavingback,buttheyalsogavemeawiderberth.Somyworkoutsbecamemorepleasantandsafer.Ibecameapersontothem.While-reading：Text7

Settinginfluencessociability.OnestudyfoundthatpeopleinNewYorkCitywerelesslikely(38percent)toshakehandswithastrangerthanthoseinsmalltowns(68percent).And,researcherssay,pleasantenvironmentsgenerallyevokemorereciprocalsmilesandhellosthanunpleasantones.Myexperiencewassimilar.Whetherduetodistractionor

suspicion,myurban

helloswereanswered

farlessoftenthanmyruralones.Likewise,peopleinvacationspotswerefarfriendlierthanthoserushingtoworkdowntown.While-reading：Text8Youneedtobecarefularoundkids.It'sanunfortunate,butnecessary,signofourtimesthatyoungstersareinstinctivelywaryofstrangers.Nexttodrivers,5-to15-year-oldsignoredmethemost.Althoughthatwasn'tsurprising,itdidsaddenandevenscareme.TothemIwasapredator.9Reachingoutfocusesyou.Thesimpleactofsayinghellocontinuallypulledmebackfromwherevermymindhadwanderedandforcedmetobemoreaware.While-reading：Text10Itcansaveyourmarriage.IneverrealizedhowinfrequentlyIgreetedmywifeof24years,ortherestofmyfamily,untilIstarteddoingsodeliberately.Commoncourtesyisn'tsocommon.11It'saformofuniversalhealthinsurance.It'simpossibletosayhellowithoutsmiling.Smilinghasbeenclinicallyshowntolowerbloodpressure,boostimmunity,andeven

release

naturalpainkillers,eachofwhichlowersstress,boostshappiness,andimproveshealth.While-reading：Text12Somaybewecanmaketheworldabetterplacebyjustsayinghello.Afteramonthofdoingit,IfeellighterandmoreconnectedandIhaveabettersenseofwell-being.OnceIbrokethroughmyinitialcrustinessandgotintothehabit,itevenbecameagame:CanImakethisgrump

openup?While-reading：Text13Ifyou'reinspiredtotrythisathome,there'snoneedtogreeteveryoneyoumeet.Thatcanbeintimidating

andevenexhausting.Instead,pickan

arbitrary

number—say,three—andmakeityourgoaltosayhellotothatmanystrangersdaily.Thatwillresultin1,095morehellosoverthenextyear.Buildfromthere.Anddon'tforgettoacknowledgethemostimportantstrangerofall:Sayinghellotoyourselfeachmorninginthemirrorrecognizestheonepersonwhoneedsitmost. 向大家问好1 你好。这是我们小时候最先学会说的话，又是成人后最后想到要说的话。为了得到什么或到某个地方，我们总是行色匆匆，似乎不再有时间以这种最基本的方式打招呼了。While-reading：Translation

真遗憾，因为说“你好”不仅仅是打招呼，也是对生命的认可。停下来，不管多么短暂，都是对他人价值的承认（作为回报，也让自己的价值得到肯定）。如果熟练地掌握了这句话，我们的世界会发生什么变化——我们又能发生什么变化？为了找到答案，我用了一个月时间向我遇到的每个人问好。向街上的陌生人问好，向网络空间的人问好，甚至每天早上对着镜子里的自己问好。以下就是我所了解到的事实：

While-reading：Translation2 没你想像的那么简单。岁月为我们蒙上了一层外壳，犹如冷冻甜食上的薄膜。尽管我们内心依然温柔，但是别人却看不到。举例来说，看上去，49岁秃了头的我，就没有还是卷毛小伙子时看起来友好。很不幸，不信任却成为我们的流行语，举手打招呼越来越难做到，因为那意味着向别人发出邀请。年龄越大，我们越变得具有任务导向性。只有当我们需要什么时，才有跟别人说话的愿望，这是很难改变的习惯。While-reading：Translation

3

如今，友善的表达如此少见，正在慢慢消失。我发现，因为人们已经不适应别人的问候，要想达到我的目的就要暗暗地抓住他们的注意力。例如，写邮件时，我以“你好”开始，这样更可能得到回信。当我向出纳员或店员问好时，能得到更优质的服务。仿佛我让他们注意到了我的存在。While-reading：Translation

4

能提高生产力。奥德在这个专题上做了一系列研究，其中之一是让中学老师每天早上逐个向学生问好。这个简洁活动的最终结果，是使孩子们的学习能力提高了27%。他解释道，学校从缺乏个人色彩到人性化的转变，使学生更多地参与课堂活动，从而提高了学习能力。（经理们注意：在办公室门口说“早上好”你的日子可能会好过的多。）While-reading：Translation5

你通常最不愿打招呼的人结果却是最友善的人。皮肤粗糙的，长得难看的，有点怪异的……换句话说，我通常会忽略或根本注意不到的人的反应却是最热烈的。毫无疑问，因为他们习惯了被忽视，任何一点关注都像是给了他们莫大的荣誉。While-reading：Translation6尊重别人也会受到尊重。我每天都在同一时间，沿同一线路跑步，或是骑自行车锻炼。当我朝路过的司机挥手时，不寻常的事情发生了：几天以后，他们不仅开始挥手致意，而且给我让开了很宽的道路。这样一来，我的训练更加愉快，也更安全了。你对他们来说是个活生生的人了。7使社交活动更具影响力。一项研究表明，纽约城的人（38%），可能比小镇子上的人（68%）更少与陌生人握手。研究者说，一般来说，令人愉快的环境引起相互的微笑和问候的机会比令人不愉快的环境更多。我的经历与此相似。不知是因为心情不好，还是因为疑心太重，我在城里打招呼得到的回应，远远少于农村。同样地，在泽西海岸度假地的人们，比那些在商业区忙碌的人们更友好。

While-reading：Translation8在孩子跟前要小心。年轻人本能地提防陌生人是时代的征兆，这很遗憾，但又很必要。不理我的人中，五至十五岁的孩子最多，其次是司机。尽管并不出乎意料，但还是令我难过，甚至令我恐慌。对他们来说我就是强盗。9与人交流帮你集中精神。打招呼的简单行为不断地帮助我集中精神，迫使我更加明智。这是交际的禅宗。

10能挽救婚姻。直到开始有意地问好，我才意识到二十四年来，问候妻子和其他家人的次数是多么少。平常的礼貌用语却并不那么平常。11这是一种世界性健康保险形式。说“你好”的时候，是不可能不面带微笑的，而且能一个传给另一个，正如敲击膝盖引起的条件反射。微笑在临床上的表现能降低血压，提高免疫力，甚至还能释放出天然止痛药(内啡肽)，这每样都能减轻压力、增加快乐和促进健康。

While-reading：Translation12如此说来，也许仅仅打个招呼就能把我们的世界变成更加美好的世界。这样做了一个月以后，我感到轻松多了，联系也多了，而且对于健康有了更理智的看法。一旦打破了自己原来粗鲁的举止，养成这个好习惯，甚至把它变成了一个游戏：我还能让脾气再发作吗？

While-reading：Translation13如果你有兴趣在家试着这么做，没必要向遇到的每个人问候。那样可能会吓着别人，甚至会令人疲惫不堪。那就随意选个数字——比如，三个——把它当作每天打招呼的陌生人目标。第二年，那就会是1095次问候。从那里开始。别忘了想到还有一个最重要的陌生人：每天早上对着镜子和自己打招呼，你就会知道最需要问候的人是谁了。

While-reading：Translationaffirm/ə'fɜːm/v.1）statesthasthetruth;assertsth肯定某事物属实;断言某事物

Sheaffirmedherinnocence.

她坚称自己无罪。

Heaffirmedthathewasresponsibleforthetask.

他肯定是他负责这个工作。

2）makeasolemndeclarationincourtinsteadofswearinganoath（在法庭上不经宣誓而）郑重陈词While-reading：Words&Phrasesinreturn：inreciprocation,compensation,orrepayment作为报答；作为回报Policeofferleniencytocriminalsinreturnforinformation.警方给罪犯宽大处理以换取情报。Iboughthimadrinkinreturnforhishelp.我请他喝酒以酬谢他的帮助。

While-reading：Words&Phrasescrust[krʌst]n.1)hardoutersurfaceofaloafofbread;pastrycoveringofapie,tart,etc面包皮;糕饼等的酥皮

awhiteloafwithacrispbrowncrust有焦皮的白面包

Cutthecrustsoffwhenyoumakesandwiches.

做三明治时要把焦皮切掉。2)hardsurface硬的表面

athincrustofice,frozensnow,etc

薄薄的一层冰﹑冻结的雪等

theEarth'scrust

地壳

While-reading：Words&Phrasesdeepdown

实际上；在心底Deepdown,Ibelievemostpioneerswanttobethehero.我相信，大多数开拓者在内心深处都想当英雄。Deepdowninmycharactertheremusthavebeenaweakness.在我的性格深处,一定有软弱之处。Heseemsconfidentbutdeepdownhe'squiteinsecure.他好像很有信心，实际上却没什么把握。

While-reading：Words&Phrasesbald

/bɔːld;bɔld/adj.1)(ofpeople)havinglittleornohaironthescalp（指人）秃头的,无发或少发的(as)baldasacoot/egg(infml口)头顶全秃的Bythetimehehadgonecompletelybald,hedecidedtowearawig.当他的头发全掉光后,他决定戴顶假发遮掩他的秃头。2)withouttheexpectedcovering缺少应有的覆盖物Ourdoghasabaldpatch(ieapatchwithnohair)onitsleg.

我们的狗的腿上秃了一块.3)(fig比喻)abaldlandscape,ieonewithnotrees,bushes,etc光秃秃的景象（没有树木等）While-reading：Words&Phrasesmistrust['mɪs'trʌst]

n.thefeelingthatyouhavetowardssomeonewhoyoudonottrust,especiallybecauseyouthinktheymaytreatyouunfairlyordishonestly不相信;不信任;怀疑

Shehasadeepmistrustofanythingneworstrange.她对任何新奇事物皆十分怀疑。Therewasmutualmistrustbetweenthetwomen.

两个男人互相猜疑。

v.donottrustsomeone不相信;不信任;怀疑Wordfamily:mistrustfula.

Somepeoplearemistrustfulofcomputerisedbanking.

有些人信不过计算机化的银行业务。While-reading：Words&Phrasescatchword/ˋkætʃˏwəd/n

1)wordorphraseplacedwhereitwillattractattention,egaboveaparagraphinanewspaperarticle醒目的字或词语（如报章段落中的小标题）

2)wordorphrasethatreferstoafeatureofasituation,productwhichisimportant

口号，标语，流行语While-reading：Words&Phraseshot/populartopic

热门话题

Catch-22

左右为难，无法摆脱的困境Catch-22第二十二条军规——一切精神失常的人员要停止飞行，必须由本人提出申请，而一个人在面临真正的迫在眉捷的危险时，对自身安全表示关注，就证明他不是疯子。如果你疯了，可以允许停止飞行，只要你提出请求就行。可是你一旦提出请求，就证明你不是疯子所以,第二十二条军规自相矛盾，是无效的blackhumordisarming[dɪs'ɑːmɪŋ]a.Ifsomeoneorsomethingisdisarming,theymakeyoufeellessangryorhostile消除敌意的；解除疑虑的;解除警戒心的Therewassomethingsomagneticaboutthemanandsodisarmingabouthissmile.这个人有他特别吸引人的地方，笑客可掬。Wordfamily:disarm

v.

1)takeweaponsawayfrom(sb)缴（某人）的械;解除（某人）的武装Fivehundredrebelswerecapturedanddisarmed.五百名造反者被俘获并缴了械。While-reading：Words&Phrasesdisarm2）(ofnations)reducethesizeoforabolishone'sarmedforces;giveupone'sweapons（指国家）裁减军备,裁军,解除武装Thesuperpowersareunlikelytodisarmcompletely.超级大国不太可能彻底裁军。3）make(sb)lesssuspicious,angry,hostile,etc消除（某人）的疑虑﹑怒气﹑敌意等Ifeltangry,buthersmiledisarmedme.我动气了,但她一笑,又将我的气儿给消了。accustomed[ə'kʌstəmd]a.takingsth.asnormalornaturalbecauseyouhaveexperienceditmanytimes习惯了的Theybecameaccustomedtolivingtogether.他们已经习惯了住在一起。Ittookmealongtimetogetaccustomed.我花了很长时间才习惯。While-reading：Words&PhrasesWordfamily:accustomv.

grab

[græb]

v.1)~sth(fromsb/sth)graspsthsuddenlyorroughly;snatchsthselfishlyorrudely抢;抓;抢夺;攫取Hejustgrabbedthebagfrommyhandandranoff.他抢走我手中的提包就跑了。

2)(fig比喻)take(anopportunity,etc)eagerly热切地抓住（机会等）WhenIgavehimthechance,hegrabbeditatonce.我给他这一机会,他立刻抓住不放.3)~atsb/sth(attemptto)seizesb/stheagerlyordesperately热切地或拚命地（企图）抓住或捉住Hegrabbedattheboy,butcouldnotsavehimfromfalling.他想抓住那男孩儿,然而那孩子还是跌倒了。While-reading：Words&Phrasespresence[pres·ence]n.[U]thefactorstateofbeingpresent在场；出席Yourpresenceisrequested.敬请光临。Ishouldhavedressedmyselfmoreformallytonight.Iwishnobodywouldnoticemypresence!今晚我本该穿得更正式些的。真希望没有人会注意到我的存在！While-reading：Words&PhrasesWordfamily:presentv.

boost/buːst;bust/v.increasethestrengthorvalueof(sth);helporencourage(sb/sth)增强（某事物）的力量;提高（某事物）的价值;帮助;鼓励;促进（某人[某事物]

boostimports,shareprices,thedollar,etc增加进口﹑提高股票价格﹑提高美元汇价Theunexpectedwinboostedtheteam'smorale.意外的胜利鼓舞了全队的士气。n.increase;help;encouragement增加;帮助;鼓励aboostinsales,exports,etc销售﹑出口等的增长givesb'sconfidenceaboost增强某人的信心While-reading：Words&Phrasesinteraction[ˌɪntər'ækʃn]n.1)[C,U]communication交流Theinteractionofthetwogroupsproducedmanygoodideas.两个组通过相互交流提出了许多不错的见解。Iftherewasmoreinteractionbetweenthetwo,theirproblemswouldbesolved.如果双方有更多的沟通，他们的问题会得到解决。2)[C,U]aprocessbywhichtwoormorethingsaffecteachother相互作用；相互影响theinteractionoftwomedicines两种药之间的相互作用Theinteractionbetweendifferentpoliceforceswouldimprovetherateofsolvingcrimes.警方相互合作可以提高破案率。While-reading：Words&PhrasesWordfamily:interactv.

impersonal

/ɪmˈpɜːsənl;ɪmˋpəsnl/adj1)(usuderog通常作贬义)notinfluencedby,showingorinvolvinghumanfeelings不受个人情感影响的;冷淡的;没有人情味的;不牵涉个人感情的

acoldimpersonalstare冷冷的凝视Givingpeopletimetogettoknowoneanotherwillmakethemeetinglessimpersonal.让大家有时间互相了解一下,会议的气氛就能亲切些。

2)(usuapprov通常作褒义)notreferringtoanyparticularperson;objective非特指某一个人的;客观的

animpersonaldiscussion客观的讨论While-reading：Words&Phrasesacknowledge

/əkˈnɔlɪdʒ;əkˋnɑlɪdʒ/v1）acceptthetruthof(sth);admit(sth)承认（某事物）属实;供认（某事物）Theyrefusedtoacknowledgedefeat/thattheyweredefeated.

他们拒不承认失败[他们被打败/自己被击败]。2）reportthatonehasreceived(sth)告知已收到（某物）acknowledge(receiptof)aletter告知已收到一封信3）expressthanksfor(sth)为（某事物）表示感谢Hisservicestothecountrywereneverofficiallyacknowledged.他对国家所作的贡献从未受到过正式的表彰。4）showthatonehasnoticedorrecognized(sb)byasmile,nodofthehead,greeting,etc以微笑﹑点头﹑打招呼等表示注意到或认出（某人）Iwasstandingrightnexttoher,butshedidn'tevenacknowledgeme/mypresence.

我就站在她旁边,可是她连个招呼都不跟我打。While-reading：Words&Phrasesturnout

tohappeninaparticularway,ortohaveaparticularresult,especiallyonethatyoudidnotexpecte.g.Tomysurprise,it______________Iamwrong.让我吃惊的是，结果竟是我错了。Theguy_______________Mary'scousin.那个人原来是玛丽的表兄。While-reading：Words&Phrases结果是，原来是turnsoutthatturnedouttobesemi—(prefix)exactlyhalf(一)半

e.g.asemi-circle___圆partly,butnotcompletely部分(地)e.g.inthesemi-darkness在________之中happening，appearingtwiceinaparticularperiod(一段时间内)出现两次的asemi-weeklyvisit__________的探访asemi-annualpublication_________的出版物半半明半暗一周两次半年一期While-reading：Words&Phrasesreact/rɪˈækt;rɪˋækt/v1）~(tosb/sth)behavedifferentlyorchangeasaresultofsth;respond作出反应;回应Peoplecanreactbadlytocertainfoodadditives.有的人对某些食物添加剂产生严重反应。reactpositively/negativelyto作出赞成的[反对的]回应2）~(againstsb/sth)respondtosb/sthwithhostility,resistance,etc反对;反抗;反动Willthepeopleeverreactagainstthisdictator?有朝一日人民会起来反抗这个独裁者吗?3）(chemistry化)(a)[I,Ipr,Ip]~withsth;~(together)(ofsubstances)undergochangesbycomingintocontactwithsth（指物质）起化学反应Ironreactswithwaterandairtoproducerust.铁与水和空气起化学反应而生成铁锈。While-reading：Words&PhrasesWordfamily:reactionn.

respectn.

afeelingofadmiring/politegreetings(pl.)havetherespectforsb/sth,give/sendrespectstosbv.respectsth,respectsbforsthrespect的三个衍生词，形似义不同。respectful表示主动含义，意思是“对……恭敬的，尊敬的”showingrespecte.g.Theworkersarerespectfultome.工人们对我很尊敬。respectable表示被动含义，意思是“可敬的”beconsideredsociallyacceptablee.g.Heisarespectableteacher.他是一位可敬的教师。respected仍是表示被动，过去分词作定语表示被动多用于修饰人，它与respectable的区别在于respectable表示受人尊敬的可能性，但未必被respectedWhile-reading：Words&Phrasesbeget/bɪˈget;bɪˋɡɛt/v.1)(arch古)bethefatherof(sb)为（某人）之父AbrahambegatIsaac.亚伯拉罕生了以撒。2)(fmlordated文或旧)cause(sth);resultin产生（某事物）;导致Warbegetsmiseryandruin.战争是苦难与毁灭的祸根。

While-reading：Words&Phrases

区别occur,happen,takeplace三者都可表示“发生”之意，都是不及物动词或短语，不能用于被动语态。

occur是比较正式的用语，可用于具体或抽象的事物，

通常指按计划或规律在较为确定的时间“发生”的事。e.g.I'm

afraid

that

this

would

occur

during

my

absence.恐怕这事会在我不在时发生。happen常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”。e.g.New

things

are

happening

all

around

us.我们身边总有新事发生take

place通常指“（某事）按计划进行或按计划发生。”

e.g.Great

changes

have

taken

place

in

China.中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。

此外take

place还有“举行”之意。e.g.The

meeting

will

take

place

next

Friday.会议将在下周五举行。While-reading：Words&Phrasesberth/bɜːθ;bəθ/n1）sleeping-placeonaship,train,etc（船﹑列车等的）卧铺.2）placeforashiptobetiedupinaharbour,ortobeatanchor（船舶的）停泊地或锚位findasafeberth,egoneprotectedfrombadweather寻找安全的停泊地（如躲避恶劣天气的处所）

3）(infml口)joborposition(espanenjoyableone)职务或职位（尤指顺心的）

asnug/cosyberth舒适的[惬意的]职位While-reading：Words&Phrasessetting

['setɪŋ]n.

[C]theplacewheresth.isorwheresth.happens,andthegeneralenvironment环境；背景Weshouldseekmoreformalsettingsfortheparty.我们应该找个更正式的环境聚会。Inbeautifullylandscapedsettings,thisuniquezooisgreatfunforallthefamily.这个独特的动物园环境优美，对全家人来说都十分有意思。

While-reading：Words&Phrasescircumstance意为"环境,情形,情况",常用复数形式Hewasforcedbycircumstancestodothis.surrounding常用复数形式,指周围的、环绕着的东西.Thestudentslivehappilyinbeautifulsurroundings.environment意为"环境,周围状况,自然环境"，尤其指作用和影响生物体的生长,发展和生存的外界物质条件.Thetwinswereseparatedatbirthandbroughtupinentirelydifferentenvironment.setting表示"某一情形的背景或环境",如故事发生的背景或环境,尤指"舞台背景".Romeistheperfectsettingforromance.While-reading：Words&Phrasesevoke/ɪˈvəuk;ɪˋvok/v1）bringtomind(afeeling,memory,etc);summonup引起或唤起（感情﹑记忆等）Themusicevokedmemoriesofheryouth.这乐曲勾起她对青年时期的回忆。2）(fml文)produceorcause(aresponse,reaction,etc)产生或引起（回应﹑反应等）Herspeechevokedgreatanger.她的讲话引起极大愤慨。While-reading：Words&Phrasesreciprocal/rɪˈsɪprəkl/adj.givenandreceivedinreturn;mutual互相给与的;互惠的;相互的reciprocalaffection,help,trade互爱﹑互助﹑互惠贸易haveareciprocalagreementtocombatterrorism有相互配合的协定,共同与恐怖主义作斗争ItismutuallybeneficialandreciprocaltodothisdealwiththeAmerican.与美国人做这笔生意，互利互惠。Todo/doingthisdealwiththeAmericanismutuallybeneficialandreciprocal.

While-reading：Words&Phrasessuspicion

[sə'spɪʃn] n

1)afeelingofnottrustingsb.orsth.猜疑；不信任Lilytreatedeveryonewithsuspicion,nomatterhowwellsheknowshim.丽丽对每个人都持怀疑态度，不管她有多了解他。2)[C,U]afeelingthatsb.hasdonesth.wrong怀疑；疑心Onsuspicionofusingdrugs,theathletewasrequiredtogothroughadrugtest.这位运动员因被怀疑使用了药物而被要求进行药检。

While-reading：Words&PhrasesWordfamily:suspiciousadj.While-reading：Words&PhrasesTimesSquarewary

/ˈweərɪ;ˋwɛrɪ/adj(-ier,-iest)~(ofsb/sth)lookingoutforpossibledangerordifficulty;cautious(对可能发生的危险或困难）留意的,小心的,警惕的

keepawaryeyeonsb密切注意某人

Shewaswaryofstrangers.

她很警惕陌生人。

bewaryofgivingoffence

唯恐冒犯他人

While-reading：Words&Phrasespredator/ˈpredətə(r);ˋprɛdəˏtɚ/n1)animalthatkillsandeatsotheranimals捕食其他动物的动物;食肉动物predatorsoftheAfricangrasslands

非洲草原的食肉动物2)(derogorjoc贬或谑)personwhoexploitsothers,espfinanciallyorsexually奴役他人者

While-reading：Words&Phrasesdeliberate/dɪˈlɪbərət;dɪˋlɪbərət/adj.

1)doneonpurpose;intentional故意的;有意的;蓄意的

adeliberateinsult,lie,act蓄意的侮辱﹑存心编造的谎言﹑故意的行为2)unhurried;careful不慌不忙的;小心翼翼的;审慎的Shehasaslow,deliberatewayoftalking.

她谈话的方式缓慢而审慎。deliberately

advadeliberatelycalmtoneofvoice从容不迫的平静声调Shesaiditdeliberatelytoprovokeme.她故意说这件事向我挑衅。While-reading：Words&Phrasescourtesy/ˈkɜːtəsɪ;ˋkətəsɪ/n.

1)[U]courteousbehaviour;goodmanners礼貌;客气Itwouldonlyhavebeencommoncourtesytosaythankyou.说声谢谢不过是普通的礼貌。2)[C]courteousremarkoract客气话;礼貌的举止3)(idm习语)(by)courtesyofsbbythepermission,kindnessorfavourofsb承蒙某人允许;蒙某人的好意Thisprogrammecomesbycourtesyof(ieissponsoredorpaid