定义：Negation作为一种翻译技巧,它主要是指在翻译实践

定义：Negation作为一种翻译技巧，它主要是指在翻译实践中，为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思，有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定的说法，或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。因此，在译文技巧中的negation译成“正说反译，反说正译”。1.Negation

in

English-Chinese

Translation英译汉的正反交替英语为肯定，汉语译作否定；英语为否定，汉语译作肯定；译作肯定否定均可；强调性双重否定；迂回式肯定；否定的陷阱。2.Negation

in

Chinese-English

Translation汉译英的正反交替根据英语习惯用法译作肯定或否定；从强调或修辞角度考虑肯定或否定；用正反交替传达原文的确切意思。英语的否定类型可以分为四类：完全否定 部分否定 半否定 部分否定及带否定意义的词语English

negative

words

and

expression

fall

into

the

following

categories:Full

negatives

:

no,

not

,none,

never,

nothing,nobody,nowhere,neither,nor;Semi

negatives:hardly,

scarcely,seldom,barely,few,

little,

ect;（3）partial

negatives:

not

every,not

all,not

both,not

much,not

many,notalways;(4)Words

with

negative

implication:fail,

without,

beyond,

until,unless,lest,ignorant,refuse,etc.1.Affirmative

in

English,but

Negative

in

Chinese英语为肯定，汉语译作否定e.g.He

denied

it

to

be

the

case.（v.）他说事实不是这样。It

was

beyond

his

power

to

sign

such

a

contract.(prep.)他无权签订这种合同。They

fell

great

anxiety

about

his

sickness.(n.)他们对他的病情感到焦虑不安。If

it

worked

once,it

can

work

twice.(sentence)一次得手，再次不愁。2.Negative

in

English,but

Affirmative

in

Chinese.英语为否定，汉语译作肯定e.g.The

doubt

was

still

unresolved

after

his

repeatedexplanation.(adj.)经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。All

the

articles

in

the

museum

are

untouchable.（adj.）博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。Don’t

lose

timein

posing

this

letter.(phrase)赶快把这封信寄出去。He

carelessly

glanced

through

the

note

and

then

left.(adv.)他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。3.Same

English

Word,

Either

Affirmative

or

NegativeEquivalents

in

Chinese译作肯定否定均可e.g.I’m

new

to

thework.这工作我是新手。/这工作我不熟悉。He

isfree

with

hismoney.他花钱大手大脚。/他花钱从不吝啬。It’s

no

lessthan

afraud.这简直是一场骗局。/这无异于一场骗局。4.Double

Negative

for

Emphasis强调性双重否定e.g.There

isno

rule

that

has

no

exception.任何规则都无不例外。It

never

rains

but

it

pours.不雨则已，雨必倾盆。It

is

impossiblebut

that

a

man

will

make

somemistakes.人不会不犯错。5.Roundabout

Affirmative迂回式肯定He

didn’t

half

like

the

girl.他非常喜欢那个姑娘。I

could’t

feel

better.我觉得身体好极了。I

could’t

agree

with

you

more.我太赞成你的看法了。He

can’t

see

you

quick

enough.他很想尽快见到你。6.Some

Traps

in

Negative

Structures否定的陷阱e.g.(1)not…becaseThe

enginedidn’t

stop

becase

the

fuel

was

finished.引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转。Gates

didn’t

drop

outbecase

he

wanted

to

avoidwork

but

to

start

his

company.盖茨辍学不是想逃避学业。而是为了开办自己的公司。(2)cannot…tooThe

importance

of

this

conference

cannot

beoverestimated.这次会议的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。I

shallnever

be

able

to

stress

too

muchyourKindness.不管我怎么感谢你，都不足以报恩以万一。（3）all

/

evey…notAll

that

glitters

is

not

gold.发光的不一定都是金子。No

,

everything

is

not

straightened

out.不，并非每一个问题都弄清楚了（4）both..notBut

you

see,weboth

cannotgo.但是我要告诉你，我们两不能同时都走。for

all

one

care

/

konwYou

may

leave

at

once

for

all

I

care.你尽可立即离开，我才不管呢。Itbe+adj.+noun.+that…It

is

a

long

lane

that

has

no

end.路必有弯。（凡事总会有变化，不会永远不变）It

is

an

ill

wind

that

blows

nobody

good.坏事未必对人人都有害处。概念回顾正译法和反译法：所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。（正译与反译常常具有同义的效果）七、汉译英正说反译法汉语中有些词语是肯定（正说）的，但译成英语却是否定（反说）的。例如：1）她铺上一块洁净的白桌布，又去取来些葡萄。She

unfolded

a

clean

white

table

cloth

andwent

to

fetch

some

grapes．(动词)2）在希腊人的生活中，奴隶制是得到默许的。Slavery

was

implicit

in

Greek

life.（形容词）3）她非常勉强地来了。She

came

very

unwillingly．（副词）4）这家机构因公正在国际上享有声誉。The

agency

enjoys

an

internationalreputation

for

impartiality．（名词）5）她光着脚走进了房间。She

came

into

the

room

with

no

shoeson．（介词短语）6）尼克松是个彻底的现实主义者。Nixon

was

nothing

if

not

a

realist．（短语）八、汉译英反说正译法汉语中有些词语是否定（反说）的。但译成英语却是肯定（正说）的。例如：风景之美，非任何言语所能形容。The

beauty

of

the

scenery

passes

all

power

ofdescription．（动词）星期四对我来说不方便，我们星期二碰头好吗？

Thursday

is

rather

awkward

for

me．Could

wemeet

on

Tuesday？（形容词）他们的会面即使说不上轻松愉快，也是亲切的。Their

meeting

is

cordial，if

hardly

relaxed．（副词）4）他刚一走开，她就把汤姆穿着去当海盗的那件破得不成样子的上衣取出来。The

moment

he

was

gone，she

ran

to

a

closet

andgot

out

the

ruin

of

a

jacket

which

Tom

had

gonepirating

in．（名词）他提前三天到达是我们没有想到的。His

arrival

three

days

in

advance

is

beyond

ourexpectation．（短语）毋庸置疑，中国的航空航天工业在过去的四十年中已取得了辉煌的成就。It

is

beyond

doubt

that

China

has

made

brilliantachievements

in

aviation

and

space

industry

in

t