高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)的基本方法技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)

高三英语阅读理解(科普环保)的基本方法技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Anewstudyfrombrainresearchershelpsexplainhowthehumanbrainevolvedorchangedovertime,topermitpeopletospeakandwrite.

MichaelUllman,theleadresearcher,aprofessoratGeorgetownUniversityMedicalSchoolinWashington,D.C,hasbeenstudyinglanguagelearningformorethan20years.

Ullmansayshisresearchshowsthatthehumanbraindoesnothaveaspecialareaorsystemformakinglanguage.Overtimewehavesimplyreusedorco-opted(指派)partsofourbrainforlanguage.Andthoseparts,hesays,areancient-oldereventhanhumansthemselves.

"Thisstudyexaminesthetheoreticalframework(准则)thatlanguageislearned,storedand'processedintwoancientlearningandmemorysystemsinthebrain."

Ullman,Hamrickandtherestoftheteamlookedatdatafrom16otherstudiesonlanguage.Theyfoundthatpeoplelearnlanguageusingtwomemorysystems:declarativeandprocedural.Memorizingvocabulary,forexample,isadeclarativememoryprocess.Butlearninggrammaris,mostly,aproceduralmemoryprocess.

"Declarativememory,inhumansatleast,iswhatwethinkofaslearningmemory',suchas,'Oh,rememberwhatyousaidlastnight'orthingslikethat.Andproceduralmotormemoryiswhatweoftencallmotormemory'suchashowyoulearntorideabicycle."Or,Ullmanadds,"Theseproceduralmemoryskillsbecomesodeeplyleanedthatwearenolongerawarethatwearedoingthem."

However,Ullmanexplainsthatthetwolong-termmemorysystemscansharetasks.And,headds,theadultbrainusesthesystemstolearnlanguageabitdifferentlythanachild'sbrain.

"Adultlanguagelearnersofasecondlanguagemayusetheirdeclarativememoryforusinggrammarpatterns.Theythinkaboutitpurposefully.Forachild,thegrammarmaycomemorenaturally.Theydon'thavetothinkaboutthegrammarrulesbeforespeaking."

Inadditiontolanguagelearners,Ullman'sstudycouldhelppeoplewhohaveabraininjurythataffectsspeakingandwriting.Thisknowledgecanalsohelpthosewhohavelearningdisabilitiessuchasdyslexia(阅读障碍).Peoplewithdyslexiahavedifficultyrecognizingwordsandsymbolsaccurately.（1）HowdidUllmanstudyhuman'smemorysystems?A.

Byexaminingthebrainwithhisteam.B.

Bystudyinglanguagelearningoveryears.C.

Bycomparingdifferentlanguagesyearafteryear.D.

Byreferringtodatafromotherstudiesonlanguage.（2）Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"motormemory"?A.

Learningtomakeamodelplane.B.

RememberingthegrammarpatternsC.

Repeatingwhatyouheard.D.

Memorizingwhatyouread.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"referto?A.

Declarativememory.B.

Anadultlanguagelearner.C.

Usinggrammarpatterns.D.

Asecondlanguage.（4）What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.

Ullmanhasadvancedourlanguageunderstanding.B.

Anewresearchhelpspeoplelearnanewlanguage.C.

Learningmemoryismoreactivethanmotormemory.D.

Humanbeingslearnlanguageinprehumanareaofbrain.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述MichaelUllman和他的团队的研究称人类大脑前区的为语言学习区，由此解开了人类大脑进化过程之谜。在最古老的大脑学习记忆区域，陈述性记忆和运动记忆分工合作，来完成语言学习。（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Ullman,Hamrickandtherestoftheteamlookedatdatafrom16otherstudiesonlanguage.”可知，该团队通过研究其他语言学习的成果，得出的结论，故选D。（2）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的"Andproceduralmotormemoryiswhatweoftencallmotormemory'suchashowyoulearntorideabicycle."可知，程序性运动记忆就是我们常说的运动记忆，比如学习骑自行车等技能，故选A。（3）考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段中的"Adultlanguagelearnersofasecondlanguagemayusetheirdeclarativememoryforusinggrammarpatterns."可知，成年语言学习者在学习第二语言时，是刻意地在使用语法句式。所以it是指代usinggrammarpatterns，故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的“Ullmansayshisresearchshowsthatthehumanbraindoesnothaveaspecialareaorsystemformakinglanguage.Overtimewehavesimplyreusedorco-opted(指派)partsofourbrainforlanguage.”以及全文可知，人类的语言学习是由大脑前区完成的，该区域早于人类本身。所以选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Tabletsarereallyusefuldevices,buttheirbigscreensalwaysmakethemasaburdentocarryaroundwithoutabag.Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?

Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.InFebruary,SouthKoreanelectronicscompanySamsungandChina'sHuaweibothlaunchedfoldablephones,theGalaxyFoldandHuaweiMateXrespectively.Mobilephoneusehasenteredthe"foldablefuture",TheVergenoted.

Thetechnologycouldchangeourlivesinsignificantways.Thesedevices,duetotheirbendablescreens,giveusthelargerscreenswewant.Meanwhile,theystillfiteasilyintothepocket.AsUSATodaynoted,they're"thecombinationofasmalltabletandsmartphone,allinasingledevice".

Thetechnologycouldchangeotherdevices,too.Forexample,wecouldmakeTVsthatsticktowallslikeposters,orfoldupeasilytohideawayindrawers.Incrowdedmodemcities,theywillhelpustomaximizeavailablespace.

Inakeynoteaddress,Samsung'sseniorvicepresidentofmobileproductmarketing,JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen"thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow"."It'sablankcanvas(画布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether."hesaid.

Soistherenothingtostandinthewayofthefoldablefuture?AccordingtotechnewswebsiteAndroidAuthority,thenecessarydisplaysweredifficulttoproduce.In2012,nineoutofevery10OLED(二极管)screensproducedwereimperfect.Today,that10percentratehasbeenimprovedtobetween50and90percent.However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.

Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.PatrickMoorhead,anindustryanalysttoldTheVerge,"Fewaredebatingiffoldableorrollablemobiledisplaysarethefutureofsmartphones;theonlyquestioniswhenandbywhom."（1）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

Screendevicesonthemarket.

B.

Foldableageisarriving.C.

Possiblepowersofatablet.

D.

Foldablescreensareimperfect.（2）WhatcanwelearnfromJustinDenison'swords?A.

Thefoldablescreenhasgreatpotential.B.

TheGalaxyFoldstillhasmanyproblems.C.

Theproductionoffoldablephoneswillsoonincrease.D.

Companiesneedtoworktogethertodevelopfoldablephone.（3）Whatistheproblemwithfoldablephonesatthemoment?A.

Theyareeasytobreak.

B.

Theyareinconvenienttocarry.C.

Theyarenotasusefulasexpected.

D.

Theyareunaffordableformostfamilies.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofthefoldablescreen?A.

Worried.

B.

Cautious.

C.

Positive.

D.

Unconcerned.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。”（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?”如果有一款具有平板电脑功能的手机，可以折叠起来，整齐地放在手里，那不是很棒吗?；以及第二段中的“Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.”现在，类似于平板形状的可折叠手机即将问世。可知本文主题是“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen‘thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow’.‘It'sablankcanvas(画布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether.’”JustinDenison称可折叠屏幕是“未来智能手机的基础”。“这是一块空白的画布，我们可以一起做一些美好的事情。”“可知，我们能从贾斯汀·丹尼森的话中了解到“可折叠屏幕”具有很大的潜力。”故选A。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.”然而，目前这些可折叠设备价格昂贵。例如华为MateX的价格是17500元人民币。这是一个很少有人能负担得起的价格。可知，目前可折叠手机大多数家庭都买不起。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.”但如果这种可折叠设备不能在一夜之间改变世界，那么毫无疑问，它将会到来。可知，作者对可折叠屏幕的未来持的态度是积极的。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Whenhospitalstaffareinfullscrubs(手术衣),theirfacesarealmostcompletelycoveredbytheircapsandfacemasks,andwecanonlyseetheireyesandeyebrows.Inordertosolvetheproblem,adoctorinSydney,Australia,calledRobHackettlaunchedacampaignnamed"Theatre(手术室)CapChallenge"-encouragehospitalstaffstowritetheir'namesandrolesontheircaps.Atfirst,hiscolleaguesdidn'ttakeitseriously.However,withtimegoingon,ithasbeenadoptedaroundtheworldwithstudiesfromtheUSandUKreportinghowthissimpleideacandecreasehumanerrorsinhealthcare.

"Iwenttoatheatrewheretherewereabout20doctorsandnursesintheroom,"Dr.RobHackettsaid."IstruggledtoevenasktobepassedsomeglovesbecausethepersonIwaspointingtothoughtIwaspointingtothepersonbehindthem,becauseIdon'tknowtheirnames."saidRob.Asweallknow,doctorsareastressfulprofession.Whenfacedwithlifeanddeath,theyneedtosavethepatient'slifeforasecond.Atthemoment,effectivecommunicationsareimportant.

"The'TheatreCapChallenge'isinresponsetoconcernsabouthoweasilyavoidablemistakesandpoorcommunicationarecontributingtorisingharmfuleventsforourpatients."saidRob."Weneedtodevelopsystemswhichreducemistakesandmisunderstandingwithoutcausingharm.Forthistohappen,weneedtoleteveryoneknowwe'rehuman."headdedOntheotherhand,fromthepatients'viewpoint,capswithnamesonthemcanmakepatientsmoreunworried.Wheneveryoneappearsthesame,itisextremelydifficulttodistinguishwhoiswho.Knowingthemrelaxed.（1）Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A.

Hospitalstaffareaskedtocovertheirfacesinhospitals.B.

Robisinfavorofwritingnamesandrolesoncaps.C.

Robwantedtobeaprofessionaldoctor.D.

Rob'sideacanincreasehumanerrorsinhealthcare.（2）Whatcanweknowaboutthe"TheatreCapChallenge"fromthetext?A.

Itcanmakethecapsmorefashionable.B.

Itisstronglyopposedtobyallthedoctorsandnurses.C.

Itaimstoavoidmistakesandpoorcommunication.D.

Itcanhelppeoplepasssomeglovesinatheatre.（3）Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"werehuman"underlinedinparagraph3?A.

We'regenerous.

B.

We'renegative.

C.

We'resatisfied.

D.

We'rekind.（4）What'sthepatients'attitudetowardsthecampaign?A.

Supportive

B.

Disapproving

C.

Doubtful

D.

Uncaring【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在手术室里，医生和护士都戴着手术帽和口罩，只露出眼睛和眉毛，这让周围的人认不出他们，导致在交流过程中产生误会。于是，一位澳大利亚的医生Rob提出在手术帽上写上名字和职位，这一想法逐渐得到了全世界很多国家的认可。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Inordertosolvetheproblem,adoctorinSydney,Australia,calledRobHackettlaunchedacampaignname‘"Theatre(手术室)CapChallenge’-encouragehospitalstaffstowritetheir'namesandrolesontheircaps.”Rob提出在手术帽上写上名字和职位，由此可知他是支持这一想法的。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的例子和第三段中的"The'TheatreCapChallenge'isinresponsetoconcernsabouthoweasilyavoidablemistakesandpoorcommunicationarecontributingtorisingharmfuleventsforourpatients."可知，TheatreCapchallenge活动是为了应对不断增加的病患相关不良事件，而这些事件常是由一些很容易避免的错误和沟通障碍引起的。所以这项活动目的是尽量避免错误和交流中的误解。故选C。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“

Weneedtodevelopsystemswhichreducemistakesandmisunderstandingwithoutcausingharm.”可知,他们想建立一种在不造成伤害的情况下尽可能减少错误和误解的系统，而要达到这个目的，首先要让每个人知道医生是人类，是有人情味的。只有病人也感觉到医生的善良，才能减少病患之间的误解。故选D。（4）考查观点态度。全文最后三句是站在患者角度阐述这个活动的意义。从其中的"unworried（不担心的，不着急的）"和"relaxed（松懈的，放松的）"两个词可以知道，这个活动能让病人心情放松，病人对这一做法是很支持的。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．犇犇阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Theclockalwaysseemstobetickingrathertoofastinthedoctor'sofficeandthequeueofpatientsoutsidethedoorseemstobepressingrathertoohard.Somesayit'shightimeforthemodelofshort,sharpone-to-oneappointmentstogivewaytosharedmedicalappointments(SMAs共享医疗预约).

SMAsaredoctor-patientvisitsinwhichagroupofpatientsreceivepatienteducationandcounseling(咨询),physicalexaminationandmedicalsupportinagroupsetting.TypicallySMAsaredesignedtohaveoneormoredoctorsattendtoagroupofpatientswhoshareacommonillnessormedicalcondition.Incontrasttoone-to-onevisits,SMASprovidealongerappointmenttime-frameaswellastheopportunityforpatientstohaveimprovedaccesstotheirphysiciansandmeanwhilepickupadditionalinformationandsupportfrompeers.

However,doctorswhohavepioneeredthesharedappointmentapproachreportthattherearesignificantchallengesinvolved.Dr.Sumego,directorofsharedmedicalappointments,ClevelandClinic,identifiesculturechangeasthemostsignificantchallenge.Physiciansandnursesaretrainedinamodelofpersonalserviceandprivacy;theSMAapproachisafundamentalchallengetothosefixedideas.Theyneedsharedgoalsandawayoftestingtheinnovationagainstagreedstandards.Dr.Sumegosays,"Thephysiciansmaybeworriedaboutthepossiblechaosandefficienciesthataremarketed.Theyalsohavetomakethepatientsunderstandwhattheirappointmentis,andwhattheexpectationis."

"So,ifanorganizationwaslookingtostartsharedmedicalappointments,Iwouldadvisethemtostartthebuy-infromafewchampionphysicians,developthework-flowanddevelopsomeexperience.Providesomesupportbehindwhatthatbestpracticeshouldlooklike.Createsomestandardssothat,astheconceptspreads,youcanemploythatexperiencetostartthenextsharedmedicalappointmentsandthenext."（1）WhatisthepurposeoftheSMAapproach?A.

Toimprovemedicalservice.B.

Topromotedoctors'reputation.C.

Toconductmedicalresearch.D.

Tomeetpatients'expectation.（2）AccordingtoDr.Sumego,whatpreventstheSMAapproachfrombeingwidelyadopted?A.

Personalservice.

B.

Fixedideas.

C.

Lackofequipment.

D.

Sharedgoals.（3）Whatcantheunderlined"buy-in"inParagraph4bereplacedby?A.

practice

B.

organization

C.

purchase

D.

support（4）WhatcanbelearnedabouttheSMAapproachinthelastparagraph?A.

Itiscurrentlybeingquestioned.B.

Itisimpracticalinsomeareas.C.

Itwillenjoywidepopularitysoon.D.

Itshouldbecarriedoutstepbystep.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了SMAs(共享医疗预约)模式，以及这种模式面临的挑战。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Incontrasttoone-to-onevisits,SMAprovidealongerappointmenttime-frameaswellastheopportunityforpatientstohaveimprovedaccesstotheirphysiciansandmeanwhilepickupadditionalinformationandsupportfrompeers.”可知SMAs模式为患者提供了更长的预约时间，也为患者提供了更好地与医生接触的机会，同时还能从同行那里获得额外的信息和支持。这说明SAMs的出现是为患者提供更好的医疗服务。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Dr.Sumego,directorofsharedmedicalappointments,ClevelandClinic,……personalserviceandprivacy;theSMAapproachisafundamentalchallengetothosefixedideas.”可知Dr.Sumego认为，文化转变是最大的

挑战。医生和护士接受的是针对个人服务和隐私的培训;SMAs方法是对这些固定想法的根本挑战。也就是说，改变这些已经固定的想法是一种挑战，所以这些固定的想法会阻碍SMAs模式的推广，故选B。（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“ifanorganizationwaslookingtostartsharedmedicalappointments，Iwouldadvisethemtostartthebuy-infromafewchampionphysicians”可知如果一个组织要寻求共享医疗模式的话，Dr.Sumego建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始他们的buy-in，根据语境，故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“So,ifanorganizationwaslookingtostartsharedmedicalappointments,Iwouldadvisethemtostartthebuy-infromafewchampionphysicians,developthe…appointmentsandthenext.”可知如果一个组织要开始SMAs，Dr.Sumego建议他们从一些优秀的医师开始，开发一些流程，积累一些经验。制定一些标准，以便随着概念的推广，他们可以利用这种经验开始下一次共享医疗预约然后将下次的经验用到下下次。这说明SMAs的实施需要一步一步来，不会一步到位。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

DarrellBlatchley,amarinebiologistandenvironmentalistbasedinthePhilippinecityofDavao,receivedacallfromthePhilippines,BureauofFisheriesandAquaticResources(渔业与水产资源局)earlyFridaymorningreportingadeathofayoungwhale.

Whenthenecropsy(尸检)wasperformed,BlatchleytoldNPR,hewasnotpreparedfortheamountofplastictheyfoundinthewhale'sstomach."Itwasfullofplasticnothingbutnonstopplastic."hesaid"Itwasfilledtothepointthatitsstomachwasashardasabaseball."Thatmeansthatthisanimalhasbeensufferingnotfordaysorweeksbutformonthsorevenayearormore,"Blatchleyadded.

BlatchleyisthefounderandowneroftheD'BoneCollectorMuseum,anaturalhistorymuseuminDavao.Inthecomingdays,themuseumwilldisplayalltheitemsfoundinthewhale'ssystem.BlatchleyandhisteamworkwiththeBureauofFisheriesandAquaticResourcesandotherorganizationstoassistinrescueandrecoveryofmarineanimals.

"Withinthelast10years,wehaverecovered61whalesanddolphinsjustwithintheDavaoGulf,"hesaid."Ofthem,57havediedduetomanwhethertheytookplasticorfishingnetsorotherwaste,orgottencaughtinpollution—andfourwerepregnant."

BlatchleysaidhehopedthatthelatestincidentwouldlaunchtheissueofplasticpollutioninthePhilippinesandacrosstheglobe."Ifwekeepgoingthisway,itwillbemoreuncommontoseeananimaldieofnaturalcausesthanitistoseeananimaldieofplastic,"hesaid.（1）Whatcanheinferredfromthesecondparagraph?A.

Thewhalewasstarvedtodeath.B.

Blatchleywasshockedatwhathefound.C.

Thedeadwhalemusthaveswallowedabaseball.D.

Blatchleydidn'tmakepreparationsforthenecropsy.（2）WhatwillbeshownintheD'BoneCollectorMuseum?A.

Wastecollectedfromtheocean.

B.

Thewholesystemofthewhale.C.

Thingsfoundinthewhale'sbody.

D.

Manydifferenttoolsofwhaling.（3）WhatdoesBlatchleythinkofplasticpollutioninthePhilippines?A.

Uncommon.

B.

Worrying.

C.

Inspiring.

D.

Mild.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.

AWhaleFoundDeadofPlastic

B.

StandUpforProtectingWhalesC.

PlasticThreateningOurExistence

D.

NaturalDeathorMercilessMurder【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对海洋塑料污染的担忧。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“hewasnotpreparedfortheamountofplastictheyfoundinthewhale'sstomach”可知，布拉奇利在鲸鱼的胃里发现了大量的塑料，他对此毫无准备，这是他意想不到的，由此可知，布拉奇利对他的发现感到震惊，故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Inthecomingdays,themuseumwilldisplayalltheitemsfoundinthewhale'ssystem.”可知，在鲸鱼体内发现的东西将在这座自然博物馆中展出，故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ifwekeepgoingthisway,itwillbemoreuncommontoseeananimaldieofnaturalcausesthanitistoseeananimaldieofplastic,”可知，布拉奇利说如果我们继续这样下去，动物因吃塑料死亡的情况比自然死亡更为常见，由此可知，他对菲律宾的塑料污染很担忧，故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对塑料污染的担忧，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

Someyearsago,Michel-AndrefoundhimselfstaringatthebodyofadeadwhaleonabeachintheCanaryIslands.Itwasobviousthattheanimalhadbeenstruckviolentlybyaship——butwhy?Onlylater,aftersurveyingthewhaleswhichlivedintheareaandmeasuringtheincreaseofsoundpollutionfromshipsdiditbecomeclearthattherewasalink.

Thewhaleshadbecomedesensitisedtothenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously."Weneverthoughtthatthiscouldbesomethingthatcouldkill,"recalls(回忆)Andre,whoisthedirectoroftheLaboratoryofAppliedBioacousticsattheTechnicalUniversityofCatalonia,Barcelona.

Andrehasspent20yearsdevelopinganadvancedsystemtobetterunderstandwhyincidentslikethishappen.Hisunderwatermicrophoneshaveexposedaworldofdeafeningsoundandanimalcommunicationneverobservedwithsuchclarity(清晰)before.

Itwasnotaneasytask.Soundwavesdon'ttravelthroughwaterintheuniform,predictablewaytheydothroughtheair.Instead,thetemperature,salinity(盐度)and,flowofwaterhavegreateffectsontheirpath.

Whatcanbedone?Onesolutionistochangeshippingroutestocourseswhereshipsarestatisticallylesslikelytomeetanimals.It'salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.

Asfordealingwiththerootcauseoftheproblem,theUN'sInternationalMaritimeOrganisationhasalreadypublishedguidelinesonhowtoquietenships,butitwillbeawhilebeforetheeffectsofsuchchangesmightbeobserved.

"Theoceanisnotourworld,"commentsAndre.Butitisourstolookafter.Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"desensitised"inParagraph2mean?A.

Stubborn.

B.

Flexible.

C.

Dull.

D.

Friendly.（2）What'sonewaytosolvetheproblemaccordingtothetext?A.

Tolowerthespeedofships.

B.

Toreducethenumberofships.C.

Tosetuppreservesunderthesea.

D.

Togivetheinjuredanimalstimelytreatment.（3）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardswhatMichelAndrehasdone?A.

Doubtful.

B.

Disapproving.

C.

Positive.

D.

Uncaring.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Agreatexpert.

B.

Noiseinthesea.C.

Animalsinthesea.

D.

Seaexplorationtechnology.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了海底噪音对海洋生物的影响以及如何降低海底噪音的问题。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的”thenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously“可知，鲸鱼被靠近的船只碰撞，因为它们可能是对船只所产生的噪音比较“迟钝”。故可知划线部分单词意思为“迟钝的”。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的”It'salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.“也有可能将船只减速到每小时18公里或更少，这样就不太可能严重伤害鲸鱼。可知，降低船只速度是文中提到的一种解决办法。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.“由于他的工作，我们可以更好地了解海底声音污染的影响。可知，作者对MichelAndre所做的工作十分认可。故选C。（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了海底噪音对海洋生物的影响以及如何降低海底噪音的问题，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Manyyearsago,mymotherreadfromthebookBlueberriesforSalbyRobertMcCloskeytome.Irememberasifitwereyesterday,hearinghervoiceatmysideonacoldwintrynight.Mymother'svoicechangedmyworld.

LongbeforeIcouldreadonmyown,shesharedwithmethestrengthandbeautyofMcCloskey'slanguageastoryofalittlegirlandhermotheroutinnature,co-existingwithamotherbearandherownbaby.Thepowerofthestory,oflanguageandofmymotherallcametogether.Andithappenedmanytimesafterthat,overandover.Thereadaloudmademeareader.

Yearslater,Iwasreadingaloudapicturebooktoasmallchildinaclassroom.Hislife,sofar,hadnotbeeneasy.Hischildhoodwastroubledbypovertyandloneliness.Inthatmoment,inthejoyofthereadaloud,hehadanideathatstartedsomethingbig.

Whathesaidwasthis:"Mrs.Allyn,let'smakesureeveryoneknowshowgoodthisfeels.Let'shaveaholidayforthereadaloud"Therefore,myorganization,LitWorld,createdagrassrootsmovementWorldReadAloudDayin2010tohonorthisyoungboy'swishforeveryonetobeabletohaveareadaloudeveryday.

Sincethedayhesharedthatgoodideawithus,WorldReadAloudDayhasbecomeaworldwideeventreachingoveronemillionpeopleinmorethan65countriesaroundtheworld.Thisyearweareover600citiesstrong,anumberthatisgrowingeveryday.

Childrenwhogrowupasreadersbecomeengagedcitizensoftheglobalworld,andeverychilddeservestherighttoread.WhenIsaythatreadingaloudwillchangetheworld,Iknowitsoundssimple.Butoneofthemanygreatthingsaboutgivingkidsaccesstothepowerofstoriesandsharingthemtogetheristhatitissimple.Itisalsocheapandeasilydone.Andtheimpactishuge.（1）Howdidtheauthor'sparentchangeherlife?A.

Byreadingaloudtoher.

B.

Bylisteningtoherreading.C.

Bybuyingmanybooksforher.

D.

Byencouraginghertoreadaloud.（2）AccordingtoParagraph3,theauthorwasprobablythelittleboy's

.A.

mother

B.

teacher

C.

bestfriend

D.

favoritewriter（3）Whatdoesthesmallchild'sideainParagraph3referto?A.

Tostartaholiday.

B.

Toreducepoverty.C.

TofoundLitWorld.

D.

Toovercomeloneliness.（4）WhatcanweknowaboutWorldReadAloudDayfromParagraph5?A.

Itsorigin.

B.

Itsfuture.

C.

Itspurpose.

D.

Itsdevelopment.（5）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.

Stickingtoreadingisn'teasy.

B.

Readinggivesahighrateofreturn.C.

Readingaloudisn'tactuallysimple.

D.

Kidsshouldtrytochangetheworld.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）A（4）D（5）B【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要介绍了大声阅读对孩子们的巨大影响，以及WorldReadAloudDay的开端以及后来的发展。（1）细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句"Irememberasifitwereyesterday,hearinghervoiceatmysideonacoldwintrynight.Mymother'svoicechangedmyworld."可知父母亲大声朗读改变了作者的一生。故A项正确。（2）推理判断题。根据第三段第一句"Yearslater,Iwasreadingaloudapicturebooktoasmallchildinaclassroom."可知作者是在教室里向一个小孩大声朗读一本图画书。通常只有老师才会这样做，由此可知作者最可能是一位老师。故B项正确。（3）推理判断题。根据第四段第一句"Whathesaidwasthis:"Mrs.Allyn,let'smakesureeveryoneknowshowgoodthisfeels.Let'shaveaholidayforthereadaloud""可知小男孩的主意是出去度假来宣传readloudly的好处。故A项正确。（4）推理判断题。根据本段第一句"Sincethedayhesharedthatgoodideawithus,WorldReadAloudDayhasbecomeaworldwideeventreachingoveronemillionpeopleinmorethan65countriesaroundtheworld"可知本段主要介绍了WorldReadAloudDay的开始以及后来的发展。故D项正确。（5）推理判断题。根据本文最后一句"Andtheimpactishuge."可知大声阅读对孩子们未来的发展影响很大。故B项正确。【点评】查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。8．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Almosteverysecondof