商业伦理：概念与案例（第8版）课件 art-chapter-03 The Business System Government,Markets,and International Trade

VelasquezEighth

editionChapter3TheBusinessSystem:Government,Markets,andInternationalTradeCopyright©2018,2013,2007PearsonEducation,Inc.AllRightsReservedFigure3.1

RisingU.S.Inequalitysince1973asmeasuredbytheGiniIndex.Figure3.2

IncreasingHouseholdInequality1974-2013.Figure3.3

IncreasingHouseholdInequality1974-2013.Table3.1:DistributionofIncomeandWealthamongAmericanHouseholds,2013

GroupPercentageofTotalU.S.Income(2013)PercentageofTotalU.S.FinancialWealth(2012)PercentageofTotalU.S.NetWorth(2013)AverageNetWorth(2013)PercentageofTotalU.S.Stock(2012)Top1%19.842.736.7$18,623,90038.3Top20%

61.893.088.9$2,260,30091.1Second20%17.86.89.3$236,4006.4Third20%11.11.32.7$68,1001.9Bottom40%9.4-1.0-0.9-$10,800063.4:ProductionwithoutTradeCountry/TotalWineClothEngland100barrels100rollsPortugal100barrels100rollsTotaloutput200barrels200rolls3.4:SpecializationRatioCountry/TotalWineClothEngland0220rollsPortugal212barrels0Totaloutput212barrels200rolls3.4:AbsoluteAdvantageRatioCountry100BarrelsofWine(CostinWorker-Years)100RollsofCloth(CostinWorker-Years)England120100Portugal80903.4:ComparativeAdvantageRatioCountry/TotalWineClothEngland102barrels114rollsPortugal110barrels106rollsTotaloutput212barrels220rollsTable3.2:PrivateandProductivePropertyPropertyTypeMarx’sViewExplanationPrivatepropertyAprivatepropertysystemthatallowsprivatecontrolofproductiveproperty,heheld,isthebasisofthealienation,inequalities,andimmiserationthatcharacterizecapitalistsocieties:Marxdidnotsuggestthathewantedpeopletodoawaywithprivateownershipoftheirclothes,houses,orfood.Thatis,hedidnotobjectto“thepowertoappropriatetheproductsofsociety.”However,hedidobjecttoprivateownershipoffact