2025全球职业早期青年科学家成长发展调查报告（英文）-世界青年科学家联合会

SurveyontheGrowthandDevelopmentofGlobalEarly-Career

YoungScientists2025

世界青年科学家联合会

2025年10月

WorldAssociationofYoungScientistsOCT,2025

Internalreportforreferenceonly

EditorialTeam

ReportPlanning:YangDaiqing,GaoJiping,WangYunhong

Authors:ZhangAixia,WangYunhong,YeXianting

Reviewers:WangYunhong,ZhengChuhua,LiBohui

TechnicalTeam:MaChen,LinGege

ExpertTeam:LiuXiaojuan,WuYunQiQiGe,ZhongZurong,ZuoXiaoli

CompilingOrganization:Scientometrics&EvaluationResearchCenter,InstituteofScientificandTechnicalInformationofChina

Introduction

Youngscientistsrepresentthemostdynamicandcreativecoreoftheglobalscientificandtechnologicalinnovationsystem,servingasacriticalfactorinshapingthefutureofscientificdevelopment.ConnectingyoungscientistsworldwideandsupportingtheirgrowthhasconsistentlybeenthefundamentalmissionoftheWorldAssociationofYoungScientists(WAYS).Tothisend,WAYSconductedthisglobalsurveyonthecareergrowthanddevelopmentofearly-careeryoungscientists.Itsaimistorevealthecurrentrealitiesofyoungscientists'professionallivesandprogressionbycollectingauthenticfeedbackdirectlyfromfrontlineresearchers.

Thereporttranslatesthegenuineexperiencesofyoungscientistsgloballyintotangible,"visible"data,revealingissuesthatwarrantseriousreflection.Despitebeingdrivenbyapassionforscientificexploration,thesescientistscommonlygrapplewithinsufficientfunding,theburdenofadministrativetasks,andthepressureofshort-termevaluations.Theiranxietiesprimarilyrevolvearoundcompensationandcareerstability,whiletheircallsareforconsistentsupport,autonomousresearchenvironments,andequitableconditions.

Tomeetthelatestroundoftechnologicalrevolutionandindustrialtransformation,andtofindinnovativesolutionstoglobalchallenges,athrivingscientificlandscapeandmoreactiveinnovationareessential.Nationsmustcollaboratetodriveaprofoundtransformationofresearchcultureandareshapingofthescientificecosystem.Thisinvolvesprovidingyoungscientistswithbetterresearchplatforms,greatertrust,morepatientsupport,andamoreaccommodatingatmosphere,therebyfullyunleashingtheirinnovativevitalityandfosteringtheircomprehensivegrowthanddevelopment.

Onlybyclearlyarticulatingthedemandsofyoungscientistsandeffectivelyimplementingsystemicsupportmeasurescanwetrulycreateaconduciveenvironmentforglobalyoungscientiststoimmersethemselvesinresearchandpursueexcellence.This

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SurveyontheGrowthandDevelopmentofGlobalEarly-CareerYoungScientists(2025)

will,inturn,secureabrighterfutureforglobalscientificandtechnologicalinnovationandlayamoresolidfoundationforthecommonwell-beingofhumanity.

Thisreportisexpectedtosparkdeeperconcernanddiscussionregardingtheglobalenvironmentforthegrowthanddevelopmentofyoungscientists,enablingustocollectivelynurtureandsafeguardthefutureandhopeofhumanscientificandtechnologicalinnovation.

I

KeyFindings

CareerMotivation:BalancingIdealismandPragmatism

Early-careeryoungscientists'professionalchoicesareprimarilydrivenbyintrinsicinterestandvalues,whilealsoconsideringjobstabilityandsocialvalue.Datarevealsthat"passionforscientificexploration"(40.26%)and"desireforastableandrespectedprofession"(39.65%)arethetwomainmotivationsreportedbyrespondentsforpursuingresearch.Notably,thiscareerchoiceexhibitssignificantdifferencesacrossdimensionssuchasgender,region,andresearchfield,suggestingthatrelevantsupportpoliciesmustadequatelyconsiderthediversedemandsofdifferentgroupstoenhancetheirspecificityandeffectiveness.

ResourceStatus:FundingPressureandCompactTeamStructures

Early-careeryoungscientistscommonlyfacefundingshortages,withpredominantlylimitedfundingchannelsthatrelymainlyondomesticgovernmentdepartmentsandtheirhostinstitutions.Asignificant69.69%ofrespondentsreported"insufficient"or"no"fundingwhileonly30.31%consideredtheirfunding"abundant."Regardingteam

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SurveyontheGrowthandDevelopmentofGlobalEarly-CareerYoungScientists(2025)

composition,mostearly-careeryoungscientistsworkinsmallteamsoffewerthan10members;81.30%ofrespondentsbelongedtoteamsoffewerthan10members,withultra-smallteamsof1~3individualsmakingupthelargestproportion(41.66%).

CareerGrowth:OptimalAgeRangeof30~35andRelianceonExternalResources

Thesurveyrevealsthat82.90%ofrespondentshavenotyetbecomeindependentPrincipalInvestigators(PIs)intheirearly-careerstage.AmongthosewhohaveachievedPIstatus,61.43%areconcentratedbetween30and35yearsold,with35beingthepeak(16.50%).Thedatafurtherhighlightthat"highlycitedpapersorhighH-index"(39.63%)and"obtainedacademicawards/honors"(38.85%)areconsideredthetwoprimaryindicatorsforbecomingaPI,indicatingthatacademicpromotionisstillpredominantlydrivenbyquantitativepublicationmetricsandpeer-recognizedaccolades.Simultaneously,"accesstoworld-classinstitutionsforstudyandresearch"(20.90%),"adequateandstablefundingsupport"(19.75%),and"mentorshipfromleadingscientists"(14.85%)areidentifiedascrucialfactorsinfluencingcareerdevelopment,highlightingastrongrelianceontheresources,opportunities,andahealthyresearchecosystemprovidedbytheiremployinginstitutions.

PressuresandChallenges:FinancialStrainandCareerUncertaintyAreMajorConcerns

Early-careeryoungscientistsfrequentlycontendwithamultitudeofpressuresarisingfrombothprofessionaldevelopmentandpersonallife.Statisticsshowthat"lowersalary"(33.92%),"jobinsecurity/lackofstableemployment"(20.03%),and"interpersonalproblems"(18.32%)constitutethetopthreepressuresforthesescientists,reflectingrespondents'deepconcernsregardingeconomicsecurityandcareerprospects.Furthermore,68.25%ofrespondentsgrapplewithtimeallocationchallenges,withprimaryissuescenteredon"excessivetimespentonadministrativetasks"(32.79%)and"insufficienttimeforpersonallearningandimprovement"(31.18%).Thisdatasuggeststhatearly-careeryoungscientistsbroadlyperceivenon-researchtasksasencroachingupontheircoreresearchactivities.

III

KeyFindings

PolicyDemands:FundingSupport,ResearchAutonomy,andAlleviatingNon-AcademicBurdens

Thedemandsofearly-careeryoungscientistsprimarilycenteroncoreconcernssuchasfinancialsecurity,academicautonomy,andcontrolovertheirtime.Thedataindicatesthat"guaranteedstableresearchfunding"(23.32%),"researchautonomy"(17.22%),and"reducedadministrationburdens"(15.81%)arethetopthreepolicyprioritiesforyoungresearchers.Thiscollectivelyreflectsearly-careerscientists'sharedexpectationforaresearchenvironmentwithstableresources,onethatrespectsscientificprinciplesandallowsforfocusedinvestigation.Italsodirectlyaddressesdeep-seatedcontradictionswithinthecurrentresearchecosystem,suchasintenseresourcecompetitionandadministrativeoverreach.

Contents

1BackgroundandObjectives 1

2SurveyDesign 3

2.1Methodology 4

2.2DefinitionofConcepts 4

2.3RespondentDemographics 4

3MainFindings 9

3.1ResearchMotivationandCareerChoices 10

3.2ResourceStatusandAcademicRecognitionofEarly-Career

YoungScientists 13

3.3CareerDevelopmentofEarly-CareerYoungScientistsandIts

KeyFactors 18

3.4PressuresandChallengesFacedbyEarly-CareerYoungScientists23

3.5DevelopmentChallengesandPolicyDemandsforEarly-Career

YoungScientists 28

AppendixSurveyQuestionnaire 33

I

1

BackgroundandObjectives

SurveyontheGrowthandDevelopmentofGlobalEarly-CareerYoungScientists(2025)

Youngscientistsarethebackboneofglobalscientificandtechnologicalinnovation.Despitebeingalargeandhighlyvaluedgroup,theyfrequentlyencounternumerousdifficultiesduringtheirdevelopment,particularlyintheearlystagesoftheircareers.Thesechallengesnotonlyimpedetheunleashingoftheirinnovativevitalityandthehealthyprogressionoftheircareersbutalsodiminishtheoverallperformanceofthescientificandtechnologicalinnovationsystem.

Generally,theearlycareerstagerepresentsagoldenperiodinascientist'sresearchlife,characterizedbytheirpeakinnovativecapacityandcreativevitality.Adeepunderstandingoftheimportanceofthisearlycareerphase,coupledwithathoroughinsightintothespecificchallengesandkeydemandsofyoungscientistsduringthistime,andtheprovisionofappropriatesupport,areallvitalforbothindividualscientificgrowthandtheoveralldevelopmentoftheresearchcommunity.

WAYSisdedicatedtobuildingasustainablecommunityandsupportsystemforyoungscientistsglobally.Togaindeepinsightintotheactualsituationsoffrontlineresearchers,itconductedaspecializedsurveyamongresearchersworldwide.Thisinitiativeaimstounderstand,atamicro-level,thecurrentdevelopment,challenges,anddemandsofearly-careeryoungscientists,therebyprovidingfactualevidenceanddatatooptimizetheirgrowthenvironment.

Thissurveyreceived3,065validquestionnaires,withrespondentscomingfromdiverseregions,disciplinaryfields,andvariousresearchpositions.Itprimarilycenteredonthefollowingcorequestions:

nTheirgrowthandresourceacquisitionduringtheearlystagesoftheircareers;

nThemainpressuresandunfavorablefactorstheyencounterintheirearlycareers;

nThekeyfactorstheyperceiveasvitalforgrowthandtheirmainrequestsforfuturepolicysupport.

Wehopetoleveragethisresearchasanopportunitytocollaboratewiththeglobalscientificandindustrialcommunitiesinbuildingaplatformthatfostersthegrowthanddevelopmentofyoungscientists.

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2

SurveyDesign

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SurveyontheGrowthandDevelopmentofGlobalEarly-CareerYoungScientists(2025)

2.1Methodology

ThissurveywasconductedonlinefromJune15toSeptember15,2025,utilizingquestionnairesavailableinbothChineseandEnglish.Theseweredistributedtoresearchersgloballythroughvariouschannels,includingemailandsocialmedia.Thesurveyprimarilyconsistedofstructuredquantitativequestions,complementedbytargetedopen-endedquestions.Thiscombinedapproachallowedfortheefficientstatisticalprocessingofdatawhilealsogatheringqualitativecontent,therebyachievingaresearchoutcomethatbalancedbothbreadthanddepth.

2.2DefinitionofConcepts

Throughoutthissurvey,thefollowingkeyconceptsaredefined:

nEarlyCareerResearcher(ECR),alsoknownasEarly-StageResearcher(ESR).TheinternationalacademiccommunitytypicallydefinesECRsbythenumberofyearsascholarhasspentconductingresearch,oftenreferredtoas"researchage."Forthepurposeofthissurvey,anECRisdefinedassomeonewithinthefirstsevenyearsofacquiringaresearchposition,includingpostdoctoralfellowships.

nYoungScientist:Generallyreferstoresearchersaged45years(inclusive)oryoungerwhoareactivelyengagedinscientificresearchonthefrontlines.

nPrincipalInvestigator(PI):Aleadresearcherwhotypicallypossessesindependentresearchcapabilitiesandisessentiallythecoreleaderanddirectlyresponsibleindividualforaresearchproject.

2.3RespondentDemographics

Atotalof3,065researchersparticipatedinthissurvey.Allrespondents,hereafterreferredtoasthe"sample,"aredistributedasfollows.

nGeographicDistribution:ThesampleencompassesmultiplecountriesacrossregionssuchasEurope,Asia-Pacific,andAfrica.RespondentsfromChina(includingHongKong,Macao,andTaiwan)

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2

SurveyDesign

2500

2000

NumberofRespondents

1500

1000

500

0

constitutedthelargestproportion(84.51%),withthosefromothercountriescollectivelyaccountingfor15.49%.ThisdistributionisattributabletothesurveybeingconductedinmainlandChina.Figure2-1illustratesthetoptencountries/regionsbyrespondentproportion.

83.82%

1.50%

1.44%

1.17%1.11%0.98%0.69%0.59%0.52%0.52%

CNUSUKDEAUMYHK(CN)IRFRSG

Country/Regionofresidence

Figure2-1DistributionofCountry/Region

nGenderDistribution:Amongtherespondents,malesaccountedfor61.21%,femalesfor37.26%,with

"prefernottosay"and"other"categoriescollectivelymakingup1.53%.SeeFigure2-2fordetails.

37.26%

61.21%

MaleFemalePrefernottosayOther

Figure2-2DistributionofGender

6

SurveyontheGrowthandDevelopmentofGlobalEarly-CareerYoungScientists(2025)

nAgeGroupDistribution:Respondentsunder45yearsoldcomprised88.74%ofthetotal,withthoseunder35yearsoldcollectivelyaccountingfor54.71%.The26~35agerangeisacrucialstageforresearchers,transitioningfrominitialcareerstepstogradualmaturity,withmostbeingintheir"earlycareer."Theagerangeoftherespondentssuggeststhatthissurveyeffectivelycapturesthecurrentsituationofyoungscientists.SeeFigure2-3fordetails.

1000

800

NumberofRespondents

600

400

200

0

28.97%

20.42%20.62%

13.41%

11.26%

5.32%

Lessthan2526-3031-3536-4041-45Over46

AgeGroup

Figure2-3DistributionofAge

nEducationalBackgroundDistribution:ThemajorityofrespondentseitherholdaPh.D.orarecurrentlypursuingone.Specifically,64.44%haveobtainedadoctoraldegree,16.84%areenrolledinaPh.D.program,andonly18.73%donotpossessaPh.D.SeeFigure2-4fordetails.

16.84%

18.73%

64.44%

YesNoPh.D.candidate

Figure2-4DistributionofPhD

2SurveyDesign

7

nProfessionalTitleDistribution:Respondents'professionaltitlesarevaried.Over40%oftherespondentsareAssociateProfessors(23.52%)andAssistantProfessors(20.00%),whichsuggeststhatmanyrespondentsareatacriticalstagefortenure-trackpromotion.Postdoctoralresearchersaccountfor13.02%,whilethe"other"categoryrepresentsthelargestproportionat25.58%.SeeFigure2-5fordetails.

900

800

700

NumberofRespondents

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

25.58%

23.52%

20.00%

17.88%

13.02%

PostdocAssistantProfessorAssociateProfessorProfessorOther

Figure2-5ProfessionalTitleDistribution

nDistributionofYearsinResearch:Overhalf(52.63%)oftherespondentsareinthefirstsevenyearsoftheirresearchcareers.Thosewith8~15yearsofexperienceaccountfor31.32%,while16.05%have16ormoreyears.Thisdistributionalignswiththesurvey'sfocusonearly-careerscientists.Forrespondentswith16+yearsofresearchexperience,theiranswersreflecttherecollectionsofmoreseniorscientistsregardingtheirearlycareerstages.SeeFigure2-6fordetails.

16.05%

52.63%

31.32%

0-78-15Morethan16years

Figure2-6DistributionofYearsinResearch

8

SurveyontheGrowthandDevelopmentofGlobalEarly-CareerYoungScientists(2025)

University,combinedteachingand

researchposition

Universityandhospital,combined

clinicalandresearchposition

University,researchonlyposition

Researchinstitute

University,teachingposition

Other

Industry

Governmentresearchinstitute

Non-profitorganization

nJobPositionDistribution:Over80%(83.68%)ofrespondentsworkinacademia,primarilyincombinedteachingandresearchpositioninuniversity(33.47%),university-hospitalcombinedclinicalandresearchposition(17.06%),research-onlypositioninuniversity(13.21%),andresearchinstitute(11.88%).Allothersectorsindividuallyaccountforlessthan10%.Thesampleishighlyconcentratedwithinthehighereducationsystemandresearchinstitutions,witharelativelylowproportionfromindustry.SeeFigure2-7fordetails.

11

8.06%

6.82%

17.06

13.21%

.88%

%

33.47%

-3.95%

-3.82%

1.73%

020040060080010001200NumberofRespondents

Figure2-7DistributionofJobPosition

nResearchFieldDistribution:BiologicalSciences(28.52%),MedicalandHealthSciences(28.06%),MaterialsScience(11.48%),EngineeringSciences(9.59%),ChemicalSciences(7.41%),ManagementSciences(3.78%),InformationandComputerSciences(3.43%),EarthSciences(3.16%),MathematicalSciences(2.77%),andPhysicalSciences(1.79%).SeeFigure2-8fordetails.

BiologicalSciences

MedicalandHealthSciences

MaterialsSciencesEngineering

ChemicalSciences

ManagementSciences

InformationandComputingSciences

EarthSciencesMathematicalSciencesPhysicalSciences

3.78%

3.43%

3.16%

2.77%

1.79%

11.4

9.59%

7.41%

8%

28.52%

28.06%

02004006008001000NumberofRespondents

Figure2-8DistributionofResearchField

3

MainFindings

10

SurveyontheGrowthandDevelopmentofGlobalEarly-CareerYoungScientists(2025)

3.1ResearchMotivationandCareerChoices

3.1.1Early-careeryoungscientists'researchmotivationscharacterizedbyabalanceofidealismandpragmatism

Thecareerchoicesofearly-careeryoungscientistsaredrivenbybothintrinsicinterestandexternalcareersecurity.Basedonananalysisof4,065responsesregardingmotivationsforscientificresearch,"passionforscientificexploration"(40.26%)and"desireforastableandrespectedprofession"(39.65%)areidentifiedasthetwocoreoptions,collectivelyaccountingfor79.91%.Thedataindicatesthattheprimarymotivationformostscientiststopursueresearchstemsfromaloveforscienceitself,whileastableandrespectedjobalsoservesasasignificantmotivationbasedonpracticalconsiderations.Incomparison,factorssuchas"recommendationfrommentors/family/friends"and"helpingvulnerablegroupsandpromotingsocialprogress"carrysignificantlylessweightwithintheoverallmotivationalstructure.SeeFigure3-1fordetails.

Passionforscientificexploration

Desireforastableand

respectedprofession

Recommendationfrom

mentors/family/friends

Helpingvulnerablegroupsand

advancingsocialprogress

Other

40.26%

39.65%

13.09%

5.28%

1.72%

025050075010001250150017502000Person-times

Figure3-1DistributionofResearchMotivation

Thewordcloudforthe"Other"optionrevealsaninterplaybetween"externalinstitutionaldrivers"and"internalpathdependence."Responsessuchas"needsforpromotion,""hospitalrequirements,"and"donotknowmuchaboutotherjobs"plainlyillustratethephenomenonofgravitatingtowardsresearchduetohabitualthinking,indicatingthatmanyindividuals"passively"remainontheresearchtrackduetoinertiaorrestrictedchoices.SeeFigure3-2fordetails.

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3

MainFindings

Figure3-2"Other"ResearchMotivations

3.1.2Differencesinresearchmotivationacrossregions,genders,andresearchfields

Astatisticallysignificantassociation(p<0.05)existsbetweenscientists'choicesofresearchmotivationandtheirregionofaffiliation(China/foreigncountries).Forthemotivationof"desireforastableandrespectedprofession,"Chineserespondentsconstitutedtheoverwhelmingmajority(88.83%).Incontrast,theproportionofforeignrespondentsdrivenby"helpingvulnerablegroupsandpromotingsocialprogress"(27.57%)wasconsiderablyhigherthantheirproportionfor"desireforastableandrespectedprofession"(11.17%).SeeFigure3-3fordetails.

Passionforscientific

82.47%

17.53%

exploration

CountryCN

Other

82.09%

17.91%

mentors/family/friends

Recommendationfrom

Desireforastableand

88.83%

11.17%

respectedprofession

Result:

Chi2Stat:62.1309

P-Value:0.0000

dof:4

Significant:p<0.05

72.43%

27.57%

Helpingvulnerablegroupsand

advancingsocialprogress

12.66%

87.34%

Other

020406080100

Percentage(%)

Figure3-3RelationshipBetweenResearchMotivationandRegion

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SurveyontheGrowthandDevelopmentofGlobalEarly-CareerYoungScientists(2025)

Astatisticallysignificantassociation(p<0.05)existsbetweenresearchmotivationchoiceandthegenderofscientists.Malerespondentsdisplayedastrongerintrinsicinterestorientationintheirprofessionalmotivations,primarilyevidencedbyasignificantlyhigherproportion(67.14%)ofmalescientistsciting"passionforscientificexploration".Femalerespondents'motivations,conversely,wererelativelymorediverse,showingproportionallyhigherratesfor"recommendationfrommentors/family/friends"and"other"motivations.Thedatasuggeststhatwomenmaybeinfluencedbymorecomplexordiversefactorswhenchoosingtheircareerpaths.SeeFigure3-4fordetails.

Passionforscientific

67.14%

32.86%

exploration

Gender

Male

Female

56.22%

43.78%

mentors/family/friends

Recommendationfrom

Desireforastableand

62.26%

37.74%

respectedprofession

Result:

Chi2Stat:49.6876

P-Value:0.0000

dof:4

Significant:p<0.05

58.44%

41.56%

Helpingvulnerablegroupsand

advancingsocialprogress

62.82%

37.18%

Other

020406080100

Percentage(%)

Figure3-4RelationshipBetweenResearchMotivationandGender

Astatisticallysignificantassociation(p<0.05)wasalsofoundbetweenresearchmotivationsandscientists'fieldsofstudy.Thedataindicatesthatrespondentswhochose"recommendationfrommentors/family/friends"werepredominantlyconcentratedinbiologicalsciences(30.51%),mathematicalsciences(4.64%)andphysicalsciences(3.15%)etc.,suggestingthatscholarsinthesedisciplinesaremoresusceptibletoinfluencefromtheirpredecessors.Chemicalsciences,materialsscience,andengineeringsciences,conversely,accountedforaprominentproportionamongrespondentsdrivenby"passionforscientificexploration."Furthermore,respondentsinthemedicalandhealthscienceswerethemaingroup(41.15%)motivatedby"helpingvulnerablegroupsandpromotingsocialprogress,"underscoringtheuniquesocialvaluemissioncharacteristicoftheirdiscipline.SeeFigure3-5fordetails.

3MainFindings

13

Passionforscientific

exploration

Recommendationfrom

mentors/family/friends

Desireforastableand

respectedprofession

Helpingvulnerable

socialprogress

groupsandadvancing

Other

3.56%

21.31%

11.17%13.32%29.99%

3.51%3.29%

10.12%12.60%30.51%

4.64%3.15%

9.09%12.49%29.24%

3.12%

41.15%8.64%5.76%17.28%

3.07%

Informationand

ResearchFields

8.85%

ComputingSciencesChemicalSciences

MedicalandHealthSciences

3.98%

20.40%

5.64%

EarthSciences

Engineering

6.47%

3.23%

28.97%

3.72%

MathematicalSciencesMaterialsSciences

6.79%

PhysicalSciences

5.35%

BiologicalSciencesRManagementSciences

5.76%

Result:

7.82%

4.12%

Chi2Stat:181.6961

5.06%

dof:36

63.29%5.06%16.46%

P-Value:0.0000

Significant:p<0.05

3.80%

020406080100Percentage(%)

Figure3-5RelationshipBetweenResearchMotivationandResearchField

3.2ResourceStatusandAcademicRecognitionofEarly-CareerYoungScientists

3.2.1Seventypercentofearly-careeryoungscientistsfacefundingshortages

Thesurveyrevealsthatsix-tenths(60.03%)ofrespondentshavealreadyreceivedsomeformoffunding,whilenearlyfour-tenths(39.97%)ofscientistshavenotsecuredanygrants.Thisunfundedcohortmaystrugglewithalackofseedorprojectfundingearlyintheircareers,posingpotentialriskstotheirresearchautonomyandjobstability.SeeFigure3-6fordetails.

39.97%

60.03%

YesNone

Figure3-6ReceiptofFunding/Grants

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SurveyontheGrowthandDevelopmentofGlobalEarly-CareerYoungScientists(2025)

Early-careeryoungscientistsrelyonaratherlimitedfundingchannels,relyingprimarilyondomesticgovernmentdepartmentsandtheirhostinstitutions.Ananalysisofthe2,791responsestothe"fundingtypes"optionindicatesthatfunding/grantsfrom"governmententitiesinyourowncountry"(47.65%)and"yourowninstitution"(39.05%)accountforthevastmajority,totalingnearly90%(86.70%).Fundingfromotherchannels,suchas"businessesorindustry,""non-profitorganizations,privatenotforprofit,"and"internationalentities,"constitutesaverysmallproportion.SeeFigure3-7fordetails.

Governmententitiesinyourowncountry

Yourowninstitution

Businessorindustry

Privatenotforprofit

Non-profitorganization,

Internationalentities

Other

47.65%

39.05%

5.16%

4.34%

2.62%

1.18%

0200400600800100012001400erson-times

Figure3-7DistributionofFundingTypes

Fundingshortagesareawidespreadproblemforearly-careeryoungscientists.Surveyresultsshowthatoverhalf(54.36%)ofrespondentsstrugglewith"insufficient"funding,whileanadditional15.33%have"no"fundingatall.Onlythreeoutoften(30.31%)respondentsconsidertheirfundingtobe"abundant."Fundingshortagesrepresentacentralchallengeformostearly-careeryoungscientists,potentiallylimitingtheinitiation,continuation,andscaleoftheirresearch,andadverselyaffectingtheircareerconfidenceandfutureprospects.SeeFigure3-8fordetails.

15.33%

54.36%

30.31%

InsufficientAbundantNofunding

Figure3-8