(英语)高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)

（英语）高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1．阅读理解

InIndia,oneofthemostsignificantfestivalsisDiwali,whichfallsbetweenOctoberandNovember.It'safive-daycelebrationthatincludesgoodfood,fireworks,coloredsand,andspecialcandlesandlamps.

InhonorofLakshmi,theHindugoddessofwealth,peoplemakespecialprayersonthefirstdaytoobtainblessingsforwelfare,succcss,andwell-being.Peoplewelcomethegoddessintotheirhomesbydecoratingentranceswithcolorfullanternsandtraditionaldesigns.Inaddition,manypeopletreatthemselvestofinejewelry,prayingforgoodfortune.Thosewhocannotaffordsomuch,seekoutcheaperitemssuchasclothesorhouseholdgoods.

TheseconddayofthefestivaliscalledKaliChaudas.Forsome,thedayprovidesanopportunitytodriveawaymisfortunefromhomesandbusinesses.Theydecoratetheirhomeswithclaylampsandcreatedesignpatternscalledrangolionthefloorusingcoloredpowderorsand.

Thethirddayiswhenthebiggestcelebrationsoccur,whichbeginearlyinthemorningwithavisittoatempletoseektheblessingsofthegoddess.Asthesunsets,festivalobserverslightuptheirhomeswithsmalllampsandenjoydelicioustraditionalfoodswiththeirlovedones.

Thefestival'sfourthdayiscelebratedinmanydifferentways.Friendsandrelativesvisitwithgifts,sweetsandbestwishesfortheseason.

AndthefinaldayofthefestivaliscalledBhaiOooj

Ithonorstheclosebondbetweenbrothersandsistersandisobservedwithtraditionalceremoniesandmoredeliciousfood.

ForchildreninIndia,DiwaliissimilartoChristmas.Theygetallentireweekofffromschoolandaretreatedtogifts,newclothes,amazingfood,and,inthepastatleast,alargenumberoffireworks.Itisnowonderthatthefestivalrankshighamongthecountry'sfavoritecelebrations.（1）PeoplecelebratethefirstdayofDiwalimainlyfor______.A.goodfortune.B.colorfullanternsC.expensivejewelryD.traditionaldesigns（2）What'stheprobablepurposeofcreating"rangoli"onthefloor?A.Todesigntraditionalpatterns.B.Toproducecoloredpowderorsand.C.Tohelpgetridofbadluck.D.Toproduceanopportunityinbusiness.（3）Whatisamanlikelytodoonthelastdayofthefestival?A.Exchangegiftsandbestwisheswithhislovedones.B.Bebusydecoratinghishomeduringtheday.C.Gettogetherwithhissistersandbrothers.D.Lightuphishomewithsmalllamps.（4）Whichofthefollowingmaynotbeareasonforchildren'sloveofDiwali?A.Havingaweekoff.B.GettingChristmasgifts.C.Enjoyingamazingfood.D.Settingofffireworks.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了印度最重要的节日之一——排灯节。（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的“InhonorofLakshmi，theHindugoddessofwealth，peoplemakespecialprayersonthefirstdaytoobtainblessingsforwelfare，succcss，andwell-being.”印度人庆祝排灯节第一天是为了获得生活，成功，为人方面的好运。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Forsome，thedayprovidesanopportunitytodriveawaymisfortunefromhomesandbusinesses.Theydecoratetheirhomeswithclaylampsandcreatedesignpatternscalledrangolionthefloorusingcoloredpowderorsand.”在排灯节为了驱散家里和生意的霉运，印度人会在地上用彩色粉或沙子创造出rangoli形状。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“AndthefinaldayofthefestivaliscalledBhaiOooj.Ithonorstheclosebondbetweenbrothersandsistersandisobservedwithtraditionalceremoniesandmoredeliciousfood.”排灯节最后一天是纪念兄弟姐妹亲密纽带的日子。可知这天男子会和自己的兄弟姐妹在一起。故选C。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“ForchildreninIndia，DiwaliissimilartoChristmas.Theygetallentireweekofffromschoolandaretreatedtogifts，newclothes，amazingfood，and，inthepastatleast，alargenumberoffireworks.Itisnowonderthatthefestivalrankshighamongthecountry'sfavoritecelebrations.”印度孩子们喜欢排灯节因为

他们可以放假一周，吃美味食物，还有大量烟花，没有说收到圣诞节礼物。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解

Itravelalot,andIfindoutdifferent"styles"(风格)ofdirectionseverytimeIask"HowcanIgettothepostoffice?"

Foreigntouristsareoftenconfused(困惑的)inJapanbecausemoststreetstheredon'thavenames.InJapan,peopleuselandmarks(地标)intheirdirectionsinsteadofstreetnames.Forexample,theJapanesewillsaytotravelers,"Gostraightdowntothecorner.Turnleftatthebighotelandgopastafruitmarket.Thepostofficeisacrossfromthebusstop."

InthecountrysideoftheAmericanMidwest,therearenotusuallymanylandmarks.Therearenomountains,sothelandisveryflat.Inmanyplacestherearenotownsorbuildingswithinmiles.Insteadoflandmarks,peoplewilltellyoudirectionsanddistances.InKansasorIowa,forexample,peoplewillsay,"Gonorthtwomiles.Turneast,andthengoanothermile.

PeopleinLosAngeles,California,havenoideaofdistanceonthemap.Theymeasuredistanceintime,notmiles."Howfarawayisthepostoffice?"youask."Oh,"theyanswer,"it'saboutfiveminutesfromhere."Yousay,"Yes,buthowmanymilesisit?"Theydon'tknow.

It'struethatapersondoesn'tknowtheanswertoyourquestionsometimes.Whathappensinsuchasituation?ANewYorkermightsay,"Sorry,Ihavenoidea."ButinYucatan,Mexico,nooneanswers"Idon'tknow".PeopleinYucatanbelievethat"Idon'tknow"isimpolite.Theyusuallygiveananswer,oftenawrongone.Atouristcangetvery,verylostinYucatan!（1）WhenatouristaskstheJapanesethewaytoacertainplace,theyusually_______.A.describetheplacecarefullyB.showhimamapoftheplaceC.tellhimthenamesofthestreetsD.refertorecognizablebuildingsandplaces（2）Whatistheplacewherepeoplemeasuredistanceintime?A.NewYork.B.LosAngles.C.KansasD.Lowa.（3）PeopleinYucatanmaygiveatouristawronganswer________.A.inordertosavetimeB.asatestC.soastobepoliteD.forfun（4）Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.It'simportantfortravelerstounderstandculturaldifferences.B.It'susefulfortravelerstoknowhowtoaskthewayproperly.C.Peoplehavesimilarunderstandingofpoliteness.D.NewYorkersaregenerallyfriendlytovisitors.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者围绕不同国家回答问路的风格，介绍了不同国度的不同文化。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Foreigntouristsareoftenconfused（困惑的）inJapanbecausemoststreetstheredon'thavenames.InJapan,peopleuselandmarks（地标）intheirdirectionsinsteadofstreetnames.”可知在日本通常是用地标指路。故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“PeopleinLosAngeles,California,havenoideaofdistanceonthemap;theymeasuredistanceintime,notmiles.”可知，在洛杉矶用走一段路用多少时间来指路。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ButinYucatan,Mexico,nooneanswers‘Idon'tknow.’PeopleinYucatanbelievethat‘Idon'tknow’isimpolite.”可推断，因尤卡坦人可能会给游客一个错误的答案的目的是为了礼貌。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Ifindoutdifferent‘styles’ofdirectionseverytimeIask‘HowcanIgettothepostoffice?’"以及下文举例说明可知，作者围绕回答问路的风格，介绍了不同国度的不同文化。因此推断作者说明了对旅行者来说了解不同地方的文化差异很重要。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

InIndia,mostofthewomenwearareddotbetweentheireyebrows.Whileitisgenerallytakenasanindicatoroftheirmarital(婚姻的)status,thepracticeisprimarilyrelatedtotheHindu(印度教的)religion.ThedotgoesbydifferentnamesindifferentHindidialects,and“bindi"istheonethatismostcommonlyknown.Traditionally,thedotcarriesnogenderrestrictionMenaswellaswomenwearit.However,thetraditionofmenwearingithasfadedinrecenttimes,sonowadaysweseealotmorewomenthanmenwearingone.

Thepositionofthebindiisstandardcenteroftheforehead,closetotheeyebrows.Itrepresentsathird,orinnereye.HindutraditionholdsthatallpeoplehavethreeeyesThetwoouteronesareusedforseeingtheoutsideworld,andthethirdoneistheretofocusinwardtowardGod.Assuch,thedotmeanspiety(虔诚)andservesasaconstantremindertokeepGodinthefrontofabeliever'sthoughts.

Redisthetraditionalcolorofthedot.Itissaidthatinancienttimesamanwouldplaceadropofbloodbetweenhiswife'seyestosealtheirmarriage.AccordingtoHindubeliefs,thecolorredisbelievedtobringgoodfortunetothemarriedcouple.Today,peoplegowithdifferentcolorsdependingupontheirpreferences.Womenoftenweardotsthatmatchthecoloroftheirclothes.Decorativeofstickerbindiscomeinallsizes,colorsandvariations,andcanbewornbyyoungandold,marriedandunmarriedpeoplealike.Wearingabindihasbecomemoreofafashionstatementthanareligiouscustom.（1）WhydidpeopleinIndiastartwearingareddotontheirforehead?A.Tostresstheirfamilybackground.B.Toindicatetheirsocialrank.C.Toshowtheirreligiousbelief.D.Todisplaytheirfinancialstatus.（2）WhatisthefunctionofthethirdeyeinHindutradition?A.Tohelptheothereyesseebetter.B.Tolooktothedistance.C.Toseetheoutsideworld.D.TopayrespecttoGod.（3）Whywasredchosenastheoriginalcolorofthebindi?A.Theword"bindi"means"red"insomeHindidialects.B.Redwasbelievedtobealuckycolorforhusbandandwife.C.ThereddotrepresentedthebloodofGod.D.Redstoodforawife'sloveforherhusband.（4）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutbindistoday?A.Bindisarenowusedtomakepeoplelookbetter.B.Bindisarewornanywhereonthefacenow.C.MostIndianwomendonotwearbindisanymore.D.MorementhanwomenwearbindisinIndia.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，大多数印度女人的眉毛中间都戴着红点，这种做法主要与印度教有关，它代表的是第三只眼，可以时时提醒信徒要尊敬上帝。现在眉心红点更多的是作为装饰品使用。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“InIndia,mostofthewomenwearareddotbetweentheireyebrows.Whileitisgenerallytakenasanindicatoroftheirmarital（婚姻的）status,thepracticeisprimarilyrelatedtotheHindu（印度教的）religion.”在印度，大多数女性的眉毛上都有一个红点。虽然这通常被认为是他们婚姻状况的一个指标，但这种做法主要与印度教有关。可知这种做法主要与印度教有关，所以印度人前额戴红点是展示他们的宗教信仰。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，印度传统上认为人有第三只眼。以及“Assuch，thedotservesasaconstantremindertokeepGodinthefrontofabeliever'sthoughts．”因此，点作为一个持续的提醒，以保持神在信徒的思想面前。所以第三眼在印度教传统中的重要性是要尊重上帝。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“AccordingtoHindubeliefs，thecolorredisbelievedtobringgoodfortunetothemarriedcouple．”可知，根据印度教的信仰，红色被认为能为已婚的夫妇带来好运。故选B。（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Decorativeorstickerbindiscomeinallsizes，colorsandvariations，andcanbewornbyyoungandold，marriedandunmarriedpeoplealike．Wearingabindihasbecomemoreofafashionstatementthanareligiouscustom.”装饰物或贴纸贴纸有各种尺寸、颜色和变化，年轻人和老年人、已婚人士和未婚人士都可以佩戴。佩戴宾蒂帽与其说是一种宗教习俗，不如说是一种时尚宣言。可知，眉心红点现在更多的被用作装饰品。故选A．【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解

ItiscommonlybelievedthattheearliestChinesepaper-cutsappearedduringthesixthcentury.Somescholarsbelieveitwasevenearlier.LegendhasitthatduringtheWesternHanDynasty(206BC-AD24),EmperorWudiwasverysadafteroneofhisfavoriteconcubines,MadameLi,died.ATaoistpriest,LiShaoweng,cutapieceofhemppaperintheshapeofMadameLi.Wheneveningfell,theemperor'sservantslitcandlesinhisbedroom;thereflectionofthatpaper-cutonthewallmadetheemperorthinkabouthisbelovedconcubine.

TheYuxianpaper-cutisdifferentfrommostpaper-cutsproducedinotherregionsofChina.Paper-cutsfromotherregionsaremostlycutwithscissorsorknivesfromsingle-coloredpaper,suchasredorblackpaper.

TherearefourmajorprocedurestomakingtheYuxianpaper-cut:First,sketchthepatternonthedraftpaper;second,fastenthedrafttothepapertobecut;third,useaknifetocarveoutthepattern;andfourth,dye(染色)thepaper-cutwithvariouscolors.

PrecisecuttingskillsareneededtomakeapieceoftheYuxianpaper-cut,whichhighlightsthecraftmaker'sartistictasteanddyeingskills.Thatexplainsthefollowingsaying:"ThesuccessfulmakingofaYuxianpaper-cutis30percentdependentonthemaker'scuttingskills,and70percentonthemaker'sdyeingskills."

ThetraditionalYuxianpaper-cuthighlightstwothemes:flowersandcharactersinChineseoperas.Thepaper-cutisparticularlyknownforitsvividdescriptionofcharactersinvarioustraditionalChineseoperas.InOctober2009,theartofYuxian'spaper-cutwasaddedtothelistofIntangibleCulturalHeritage(非物质文化遗产)establishedbyUNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization).（1）Thefirstparagraphisactuallyabout___________.A.

EmperorWudi'sfavoriteconcubine

B.

theoriginsofChinesepaper-cutsC.

theinventorofChinesepaper-cut

D.

oneofthethemesofYuxianpaper-cut（2）Whichisthemostimportantskillofmakingpaper-cut?A.

Drawingskill.

B.

Cuttingskill.

C.

Dyeingskill.

D.

Carvingskill（3）Accordingtothepassage,theYuxianpaper-cutisespeciallyfamousforits__________.A.

livelyimagesofcharactersinclassicoperas

B.

traditionalChineseoperasC.

Chineseculturalinfluenceonoperas

D.

advancedcuttingtechniques（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.

TheEarliestChineseLegend

B.

TheYuxianPaper-cutSkillsC.

EmperorWudi'sSadStory

D.

ChineseYuxianPaper-cut【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国蔚县剪纸。（1）考查段落大意。根据第一段可知，介绍了中国剪纸的起源。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ThesuccessfulmakingofaYuxianpaper-cutis30percentdependentonthemaker'scuttingskills,and70percentonthemaker'sdyeingskills.”蔚县剪纸的成功制作30%取决于制作人的切割技巧，70%取决于制作人的染色技巧。可知染色技巧对于剪纸最重要。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Thepaper-cutisparticularlyknownforitsvividdescriptionofcharactersinvarioustraditionalChineseoperas”剪纸以其对各种传统戏曲中人物的生动描述而闻名。可知，选A。（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了蔚县剪纸有四个主要步骤。制作蔚县剪纸需要精确的切割技巧，这突出了手工艺者的艺术品味和染色技巧。传统蔚县剪纸突出了两个主题:中国戏曲中的花和人物。这些都是围绕着“中国蔚县剪纸”这个主题展开的。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

Takealookatthefollowinglistofnumbers:4,8,5,3,7,9,6.Readthemloud.Nowlookawayandspend20secondsmemorizingtheminorderbeforesayingthemoutloudagain.IfyouspeakEnglish,youhaveabouta50%chanceofrememberingthoseperfectly.IfyouareChinese,though,you'realmostcertaintogetitrighteverytime.Whyisthat?Becausewemosteasilymemorizewhateverwecansayorreadwithinatwo-secondperiod.AndunlikeEnglish,theChineselanguageallowsthemtofitallthosesevennumbersintotwoseconds.

ThatexamplecomesfromStanislasDahaene'sbookTheNumberSense.AsDahaeneexplains:Chinesenumberwordsareremarkablybrief.Mostofthemcanbespokenoutinlessthanone-quarterofasecond(forinstance,4is“si”and7“qi”).TheirEnglishpronunciationsarelonger.ThememorygapbetweenEnglishandChineseapparentlyisentirelyduetothisdifferenceinlength.

Itturnsoutthatthereisalsoabigdifferenceinhownumber-namingsystemsinWesternandAsianlanguagesareconstructed.InEnglish,wesayfourteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteenandnineteen,soonemightexpectthatwewouldalsosayoneteen,twoteen,threeteen,andfiveteen.

Butwedon't.Weuseadifferentform:eleven,twelve,thirteenandfifteen.Fornumbersabove20,weputthe“decade”firstandtheunitnumbersecond(twenty-one,twenty-two),whilefortheteens,wedoittheotherwayaround(fourteen,seventeen,eighteen).ThenumbersysteminEnglishishighlyirregular.NotsoinChina,Japan,andKorea.Theyhavealogicalcountingsystem.Elevenisten-one.Twelveisten-two.Twenty-fouristwo-tens-fourandsoon.

ThatdifferencemeansthatAsianchildrenlearntocountmuchfasterthanAmericanchildren.Four-year-oldChinesechildrencancount,onaverage,to40.Americanchildrenatthatagecancountonlyto15.Bytheageoffive,inotherwords,AmericanchildrenarealreadyayearbehindtheirAsianfriendsinthemostfundamentalofmathskills.

TheregularityoftheirnumbersystemalsomeansthatAsianchildrencanperformbasicfunctions,suchasaddition,farmoreeasily.AskanEnglish-speakingseven-year-oldtoaddthirty-sevenplustwenty-twoinherhead,andshehastochangethewordstonumbers(37+22).Onlythencanshedothemath:2plus7is9and30and20is50,whichmakes59.AskanAsianchildtoaddthree-tens-sevenandtwo-tens-two,andthenthenecessaryequation(等式)isrightthere,inthesentence.Nonumbertranslationisnecessary:it'sfive-tens-nine.

Whenitcomestomath,inotherwords,Asianshaveabuilt-inadvantage.Foryears,studentsfromChina,SouthKorea,andJapan---outperformedtheirWesternclassmatesatmathematics,andthetypicalassumptionisthatithassomethingtodowithakindofAsiantalentformath.ThedifferencesbetweenthenumbersystemsintheEastandtheWestsuggestsomethingverydifferent---thatbeinggoodatmathmayalsoberootedinagroup'sculture.（1）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.

TheAsiannumber-namingsystemhelpsgraspadvancedmathskillsbetter.B.

Westernculturefailtoprovidetheirchildrenwithadequatenumberknowledge.C.

ChildreninWesterncountrieshavetolearnbyheartthelearningthings.D.

Asianchildren'sadvantageinmathmaybesourcedfromtheirculture.（2）WhatmakesaChineseeasiertorememberalistofnumbersthananAmerican?A.

Theirunderstandingofnumbers.

B.

Theirmothertongue.C.

Theirmatheducation.

D.

TheirdifferentIQ.（3）Asianchildrencanreachanswersinbasicmathfunctionsmorequicklybecause____________.A.

theypronouncethenumbersinashorterperiodB.

theypracticemathfromanearlyageC.

theydon'thavetotranslatelanguageintonumbersfirstD.

Americanchildrencanonlycountto15attheageoffour【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文为介绍说明文。文章介绍了东西方数字系统之间的差异对东西方人数学能力的影响，同时也发现了一个非常不同的地方：善于数学也可能植根于一个群体的文化中。（1）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了东西方数字系统之间的差异对东西方人数学能力的影响。同时根据第三段中的ThenumbersysteminEnglishishighlyirregular.NotsoinChina,Japan,andKorea.Theyhavealogicalcountingsystem.（英语中的数字系统是高度不规则的。在中国、日本、韩国则不是这样的。他们有一个逻辑计数系统。）及第四段中的ThatdifferencemeansthatAsianchildrenlearntocountmuchfasterthanAmericanchildren.（这种差异意味着亚洲儿童比美国儿童学的要快得多。）可推知，本文主要探讨了亚洲儿童在数学方面的优势可能来源于他们的文化的问题。故选D。（2）推理判断题。根据第一段中的Becausewemosteasilymemorizewhateverwecansayorreadwithinatwo-secondperiod.AndunlikeEnglish,theChineselanguageallowsthemtofitallthosesevennumbersintotwoseconds.（因为我们最容易记住我们在一两秒钟内能说或读的东西。与英语不同，汉语允许他们把这七个数字放在两秒钟之内）可推知，比起美国人，中国人的母语让中国人更容易记住一列数字。故选B。（3）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中对亚洲孩子与美国孩子在基本数学运算方面的对比可知，亚洲儿童可以更快地在基本数学运算中找到答案，是因为他们不必先把语言翻译成数字。故选C。6．阅读理解

Itisquitereasonabletoblametrafficjams,thecostofgasandthegreatspeedofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.Itisallrighttohaveatigerinacage,buttohaveoneinthedriver'sseatisanothermatter.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butagoodsense.Ittakesthemostcool-headeddriversgreatpatiencetogiveupthedesiretobeatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsreducingthepossibilityofquarrellingandfighting.Afriendlynodorawaveofthanksinanswertoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandbecomessonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchbehaviorofpolitenessisbynomeansenough.Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildcrossingthestreetatawrongplaceintothepathofoncomingcarsthatmaynotbeabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.

Anexperienceddriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifdriverslearnttocorrectlyjoininatrafficstreamwithoutcausingtotalblockagesthatgiverisetounpleasantfeelings.Unfortunately,moderndriverscan'tevenlearntodrive,letalonemastertheroadmanship(公路驾车技能).Yearsago,expertswarnedusthatthefastincreaseofthecarownershipwoulddemandmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.（1）Themostsuitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe__________.A.TrafficJams.B.GoodManners.C.RoadPoliteness.D.ModernDrivers.（2）Troublesontheroadareoftencausedby__________.A.trafficjamsB.thebehaviorofthedriversC.thegreatspeedofmodernlifeD.terribleroadconditions（3）Accordingtothewriter,agooddrivershould__________.A.encouragechildrentocrosstheroadwhenevertheywanttoB.beatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedrivingC.beabletorecognizepolitenesswhenheseesitD.joininatrafficstreamquicklyhoweverotherpeoplefeel（4）tisnotalwaysrightfordriversto__________.A.mastertheroadmanshipB.neglectpolitenesswhentheyseeitC.giveafriendlynodinanswertoanactofpolitenessD.encourageoldladiestocrosstheroadwheneverandwherevertheywantto【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了的道路行车礼仪的话题，道路行车的礼仪正变得越来越糟糕了，道路行车礼仪不仅仅是有礼貌的还是有意义的，接下来介绍了一些不恰当的做法，最后提出文明行车势在必行。（1）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butagoodsense.”；以及第三段中的“However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous”可知，文章从正反两面讲述了司机在道路上行驶的时候所应该注意的礼貌问题，而且作者在最后一段介绍了一位有经验的司机对此的看法，由此判断这篇文章最合适的标题是道路礼仪。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“...butmannersontheroadarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel”；以及第二段中的“...，butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headeddriversgreatpatiencetogiveupthedesiretobeatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving.”可知，但是在路上的举止却越来越糟糕。每个人都知道，最善良的人在驾驶时也会变成凶猛的老虎。即使是头脑最冷静的司机，在被迫面对粗鲁的驾驶行为时，也需要极大的耐心来放弃反击的欲望。所以马路上的麻烦很多都是由人的行为引起的，故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.“可知，现在的很多司机看起来不知道什么才是道路礼节。所以判断出根据作者的说法，一个好的司机应该知道什么是道路礼节，故选C。（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous”；以及“Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto．”可知，不恰当的礼貌可能是危险的，同样的道理适用于鼓励老妇人随时随地过马路。所以司机鼓励老妇人随时随地过马路并不总是正确的。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Childrenhavetheirownrulesinplayinggames.Theyseldomneedareferee(裁判)andrarelytroubletokeepscores.Theydon'tcaremuchaboutwhowinsorloses,anditdoesn'tseemtoworrythemifthegameisnotfinished.Yet,theylikegamesthatdependalotonluck,sothattheirpersonalabilitiescannotbedirectlycompared.Theyalsoenjoyedgamesthatmoveinstages,inwhicheachstage,thechoosingofleaders,thepicking-upofsides,orthedeterminingofwhichsideshallstart,isalmostagameinitself.

Grown-upscanhardlyfindchildren'sgameexciting,andtheyoftenfeelpuzzledatwhytheirkidsplaysuchsimplegameagainandagain.However,itisfoundthatachildplaysgamesforveryimportantreasons.Hecanbeagoodplayerwithouthavingtothinkwhetherheisapopularperson,andhecanfindhimselfbeingausefulpartnertosomeoneofwhomheisordinaryafraid.Hebecomesaleaderwhenitcomestohisturn.Hecanbeconfident,too,inparticulargames,thatitishisplacetogiveorders,topretendtobedead,tothrowaballactuallyatsomeone,ortokisssomeonehehascaught.

Itappearstousthatwhenchildrenplayagametheyimagineasituationundertheircontrol.Everyoneknowstherules,andmoreimportantly,everyoneplaysaccordingtotherules.Thoserulesmaybechildish,buttheymakesurethateverychildhasachancetowin.（1）Whatistrueaboutchildrenwhentheyplaygames?A.

Theycanstopplayinganytimetheylike.

B.

Theycantesttheirpersonalabilities.C.

Theywanttopickabetterteam.

D.

Theydon'tneedrules.（2）Tobecomealeaderinagamethechildhasto_________.A.

beausefulpartner

B.

waitforhisturnC.

beconfidentinhimself

D.

bepopularamonghisplaymates（3）Whydoesachildlikeplayinggames?A.

Becausehecanbesomeoneotherthanhimself.B.

Becausehecanbecomepopularamongfriends.C.

Becausehefindsheisalwaysluckyingames.D.

Becausehelikestheplacewhereheplaysagame.（4）Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.

RulesinChildren'sGames

B.

AdvantagesofPlayingGamesforChildrenC.

ReasonsforChildren'sGames

D.

HowtoBeaPopularGamePlayer【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了孩子们在玩游戏时有自己的游戏规则，他们很少需要裁判，很少去记分．他们喜欢玩取决于运气的游戏，这样他们的个人能力就不能直接进行比较了．但是，成年人很难发现孩子们的游戏令人兴奋，他们常常对孩子们反复玩这么简单的游戏感到困惑。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Childrenhavetheirownrulesinplayinggames．Theyseldomneedareferee（裁判）andrarelytroubletokeepscores．”可知，介绍了孩子们玩游戏的一些特点，比如孩子的游戏有自己的规则，也不需要裁判，而且可以随时结束，故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Hebecomesaleaderwhenitcomestohisturn”可知，当轮到他时，他就成了领袖．所以要成为一个游戏的领导者，孩子必须等待轮到他才行，故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Hecanbeagoodplayerwithouthavingtothinkwhetherheisapopularperson，andhecanfindhimselfbeingausefulpartnertosomeoneofwhomheisordinarilyafraid．”可知孩子们喜欢玩游戏的重要原因之一是他们可以在游戏中假装成别人，选A。（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，游戏在孩子们的生活中是必不可少的．他们无需裁判，也很少计分，他们甚至不在乎输赢．尽管在成年人眼里这些游戏非常简单，枯燥．但是孩子们对此却是乐此不疲．作者认为通过游戏，孩子们学会了遵守规则，可知选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解

OnthebanksofTanzania'sLakeEyasilivestheworld'slasthunter-gatherertribe(部落)—theHadza.Theydon'tgrowfood,raiseanimalsorbuildhouses.Insteadtheylivealifeunchangedformorethantenthousandyears.

Theirworldisoneofcompletefreedom—somethingmodernsocietycanbarelyimagineandisunlikelytoeverexperience,letalonehavetheskillstostayalive.Textmessagesandphonecallsdon'texist.Nordocarsandelectricity.Nojobs,timetables,andsocialstructures.Nolaws,taxesandunbelievably,nomoney—theclosestthingtocurrency(交易)isthetradeforapairofshortswithaneighboringtribe.

WespentourtimewiththeHadzahuntingbaboons(狒狒),adailyactivityforthemen.Theirlandispackedwithsharpbushes,poisonoussnakesandman-eatinglions.Butasuccessfulhuntingtripisthedifferencebetweeneatingorgoinghungry.

TheHadzadietconsistsmainlyofhoney,fruitandmeat.Menoftenhuntinpairstoshootanimalswithbowsandarrows.TheHadzashowushowtotrackanimals,frombaboonstosnakesto