人教英语话题一 个人情况

第一部分

话题培优话题一

个人情况重难点突破表达能力提升核心素养培优

个人情况（Personal

background）属于《义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）》话题项目表中第一个话题，二级子话题分别为个人信息（Personal

information）、家庭信息（Family

information）、学校信息（School

information）、兴趣与爱好（Interests

and

hobbies）、工作与职业（Jobs

and

careers）。想要完整且有条理地描述个人情况，需要掌握以下知识点。重难点突破011.

“What

do／does

+主语+look

like？”的用法

【观察】①

What

do

your

sisters

look

like?

②What

does

he

look

like？

【探究】

“What

do／does

+主语+look

like？”用来询问人物的外貌特征，意为“……看上去怎么样？”或“……长什么样？”。回答时常用以下两种结构：

（1）主语+have／has+名词（名词前可以有多个形容词修饰）。如：

She

has

long

straight

hair

and

big

eyes.

（2）主语+be+描述人物外貌特征的形容词。如：

I’m

tall

and

handsome.【运用】单项选择。（1）—What

do

you

look

like?—I’m___.BA.tired

B.tall

C.kind

D.happy（2）What

Amy

and

her

brother___

like?BA.does;

look

B.do;

look

C.is;

look

D.do;

looks2.

play

的用法

【观察】①

I

can

play

the

guitar

and

the

piano.

②

He

is

good

at

playing

chess.

③

Do

you

like

the

play

today?

④

Everyone

should

play

a

role

in

protecting

the

environment.

【探究】（1）play作动词，用法如下：

（2）

play作名词，意为“剧本；戏剧；玩耍；比赛”。如：a

radio

play广播剧【运用】单项选择。（1）（2021·连云港中考）—Shall

we

play

basketball

this

afternoon?—Good

idea!

Do

you

have___

basketball?DA.the;

a

B.a;

a

C./;

/

D./;

a（2）（2021·天水中考）Jim

started

to

play___

violin

when

he

was

five.CA.a

B.an

C.the

D./

根据汉语意思完成句子。（3）吉姆每周都会和朋友们一起打排球。

Jim_______________

with

his

friends

every

week.plays

volleyball（4）父母应该花时间和孩子一起玩耍。

Parents

should

spend

time____________

their

children.playing

with3.

“What

do／does

+主语+

do?”

的用法

【观察】①

What

does

he

do？

②

What

do

your

parents

do?

【探究】

“What

do／does

+主语+do？”用来询问人物的职业，意为“……是做什么的？”，相当于“What

is

sb.’s

job？”。回答时常用以下结构：

主语+is+名词（名词前可以有多个形容词修饰）。如：

He

is

a

（math）

teacher.【运用】根据汉语意思完成句子。（1）——你妈妈是做什么的？——我妈妈是一位电脑编程师。—___________

your

mother

do?—My

mother

is

a____________________.What

doescomputer

programmer（2）——汤姆是做什么的？——汤姆是一个幽默的演员。—________

Tom’s

job?—Tom

is_________________.What

isa

humorous

actor4.

辨析dress,

put

on,

in与wear

【观察】①

She

dressed

herself

quickly.

②

He

puts

on

his

school

uniform

and

then

leaves

home.

③

Tom

was

all

in

black.

④

Sally

was

thin

and

wore

glasses.

【探究】词（组）词性含义用

法dress动词（给某人）穿衣服常用结构为：dress

sb.

或dress

oneselfput

on动副短语穿上；戴上强调穿或戴的动作in介词穿着；戴着强调穿或戴的状态，后接表示颜色或服装等的名词wear动词穿着；戴着强调穿或戴的状态，后接表示衣服、鞋、帽、袜、手套、眼镜、手表、徽章、首饰等的名词【运用】用dress,

put

on,

in或wear的适当形式填空。（1）You’d

better______

blue

pants

with

brown

shoes.wear（2）Please_______

your

coat;

it’s

cold

outside.put

on（3）She

looks

pretty___

a

white

shirt.in（4）The

girl

is

old

enough

to______

herself.dress5.

辨析silent，silently与silence

【观察】①

She

was

always

silent

in

class.

②

Listening

silently

is

a

good

quality

that

we

should

have.

③

We

looked

at

each

other

in

silence.

【探究】（1）silent作形容词，意为“沉默的；寂静的”，在句中常作表语或定语。keep

silent保持沉默。

（2）silently作副词，意为“沉默地；寂静地”，在句中常作状语，修饰行为动词。

（3）silence作名词，意为“沉默；寂静”，在句中常作主语或宾语。in

silence沉默地。【运用】用silent,silently或silence填空。（1）The

two

girls

sat

there,

face

to

face

in_______.silence（2）When

asked

why

he

was

late,

he

kept______.silent（3）At

first

I

just

sat________,

trying

to

find

out

what

happened.silently6.

辨析

speak，say，talk

与

tell

【观察】①

He

can’t

speak

English

well.

②

Do

as

I

say，not

as

I

do.

③

The

teacher

is

talking

to

him.

④

Can

you

tell

me

how

to

get

to

Chinatown？

【探究】单词含义及用法常用词组或结构speak意为“说”，强调说的语言或者说话的能力speak

English说英语speak

to

sb.和某人说话say意为“说”，强调说话的内容say

thanks/sorry/goodbye

to

sb.

向某人道谢/道歉/道别say

sth.

to

sb.

和某人说某事单词含义及用法常用词组或结构talk意为“谈话”，强调与某人交谈talk

to/with

sb.

与某人交谈talk

about

sth.

谈论某事tell意为“告诉；讲述”，强调讲给别人听tell

sb.

（about）

sth.＝tell

sth.

to

sb.

告诉某人（关于）某事常用词组有tell

a

story,

tell

a

lie,

tell

the

truth,

tell

a

joke等续表【运用】用

speak,

say,

talk

或

tell

的适当形式填空。（1）People

often____

“Hello”

or

“Hi”

to

friends

when

they

meet

each

other.say（2）Lisa

often_____

with

her

friends

on

the

phone

and

they

have

a

close

friendship.talks（3）The

accident_____

us

to

follow

the

traffic

rules

and

to

love

our

lives.tells（4）Mary

is

an

excellent

girl.

She

can______

Chinese,

English

and

French.speak7.

辨析such与so

【观察】①

This

party

is

such

a

great

idea!

②

He’s

so

popular

now.

③

Billy

has

changed

so

much!

【探究】such和so都可以用来表示程度，意思是“如此；这样”，但用法却不相同。

（1）such是限定词，用来修饰名词；so是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词。

（2）可数名词单数前有不定冠词与形容词时，such和so的位置不同。前者为：such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数；后者为：so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数。二者都表示“如此……的一个……”。如：

It’s

such

an

interesting

story.

=

It’s

so

interesting

a

story.

（3）名词前有表示“多少”意义的many、

much、

few、

little等修饰时，要用so，不用such。如：

He

has

so

many

questions

to

ask

his

teacher.

（4）后接可数名词的复数形式、不可数名词或集合名词时，无论有无many、much、few、little之外的修饰词都用such。如：

They

have

made

such

great

progress.【运用】用such或so填空。（1）Don’t

speak____

fast.

I

can’t

follow

you.so（2）She

is_____

a

kind

woman.such（3）I’ve

never

seen____

tall

a

child.so（4）There

are____

few

people

in

the

hall.so（5）Grandpa

often

told

us_____

funny

stories.such（6）Don’t

go

out

in_____

bad

weather.such8.

情态动词

【观察】①

She

can

go

to

school

by

herself.

②

—Can

you

sing

an

English

song?

—No,

I

can’t.

③

You

must

finish

your

homework

on

time.

④

—Must

I

finish

the

project

today?

—No,

you

needn’t.

⑤She

may

lose

her

way.

⑥

—May

I

go

now?

—No,

you

can’t.

⑦You

needn’t

come

to

school

so

early.

⑧—Need

I

finish

the

work

today?

—Yes,you

must.

【探究】以下为初中常见的情态动词的用法：（1）情态动词有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语。

（2）情态动词无人称和数的变化。

（3）否定形式直接加not。

（4）一般疑问句将情态动词直接提前。

（5）由

must

或

need

引出的一般疑问句，肯定回答用

must

或

have

to；否定回答用

needn’t

或

don’t

have

to。

（6）对may表请求时的否定回答，一般用can’t。

区分以下几组情态动词：

can与can’t单词含义例句can表示能力，意为“能；会”，可与be

able

to互换With

a

good

knowledge

of

English,

students

can

communicate

with

more

people.表示请求、允许，意为“可以”Can

we

bring

music

players

to

school？单词含义例句can’t表示能力，意为“不能；不会”We

can’t

answer

the

question.表示否定推测，语气强烈，意为“一定不，不可能”，可能性几乎为零Miss

Gao

can’t

be

in

the

classroom.

I

just

saw

her

in

the

supermarket.续表

could与couldn’t单词含义例句couldcan的过去式，意为“能；会”You

could

help

to

clean

up

the

city

parks.在疑问句中表示委婉的请求Could

you

just

tell

him

to

call

me

back？单词含义例句could表推测，意为“有可能；也许”，有20%～80%的可能性，语气缓和，较委婉I

think

the

train

to

Beijing

could

be

late.couldn’tcould的否定式，意为“不能；不会”Because

of

the

bad

weather,

we

couldn’t

see

anything

below.续表

must与mustn’t单词含义例句must表示主观看法，意为“必须；一定”Players

on

the

same

team

must

work

together

to

get

the

ball

into

the

other

team’s

basket.表示非常有把握的肯定推测，有100%的可能性，意为“一定；肯定”The

light

is

still

on,

so

he

must

be

at

home.mustn’tmust的否定式，意为“一定不要”,表禁止You

mustn’t

play

football

on

the

road.

may与might单词含义例句may表示请求、许可，意为“可以”May

I

sit

here？意为“有可能；也许”，用于肯定句，表示把握不大的推测His

answer

may

be

right.mightmay的过去式，表示请求、许可，语气比may更委婉Might

I

ask

you

a

question？表推测，意为“有可能；也许”，可能性低于may，语气缓和，较委婉She

might

have

gone

to

the

library.

need与needn’t单词含义例句need意为“需要；必须”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中Need

I

attend

the

meeting

tomorrow？needn’tneed的否定形式，意为“不必；无需”We

needn’t

get

up

early

on

Sunday.

should与shouldn’t单词含义例句should意为“应该”，表示要求和命令，也可以表示劝告或建议We

should

work

harder

to

protect

our

world.shouldn’t意为“不应该”You

shouldn’t

start

eating

first

if

there

are

old

people

at

the

table.

will与would单词含义例句will表示询问、请求，用于疑问句中，常用于第二人称Will

you

come

with

us？wouldwill的过去式，用于转述，意为“将；将会”，也可以表示意志、愿望或决心等Jane

said

she

would

not

go

with

Tom,

for

she

didn’t

have

time.【运用】单项选择。（1）We___

do

exercise

very

often.

It’s

good

for

our

health.CA.can

B.may

C.should

D.will（2）Even

Einstein___

read

until

he

was

seven,

so

you

don’t

need

to

worry.AA.couldn’t

B.mustn’t

C.can’t

D.needn’t（3）If

you___

solve

the

task,

you

can

ask

others

for

help.AA.can’t

B.needn’t

C.mustn’t

D.shouldn’t（4）—Dad,

must

we

wait

until

the

light

becomes

green?—Yes,

I’m

afraid

we___.

That’s

the

traffic

rule.CA.can

B.may

C.have

to

D.need（5）You’d

better

bring

an

umbrella

when

you

go

out

because

it___

rain.BA.mustn’t

B.might

C.can

D.shouldn’t（6）Dory___

be

on

the

playground.

I

saw

her

running

there

just

now.DA.might

B.may

C.should

D.must（7）—What

will

the

weather

be

like

tomorrow?—It___

be

sunny

or

windy.

I’m

not

sure.CA.mustn’t

B.shouldn’t

C.may

D.need表达能力提升02Ⅰ.补全对话

根据下面对话中的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的语句，使对话恢复完整。

A:

Hello,

I

am

a

new

student

from

Boston.

Could

you

please

tell

me

if

it

is

Class

2,

Grade

9?

B:

Yes.

1._____________?Don’t

you

remember

me?

I

am

Tom.

A:

Oh,

Tom!

Yes,

I

am

Paul.

We

were

in

the

same

primary

school,

right?

Are

you

Paul

B:

Yeah.

You

liked

playing

football.

And

you

were

a

sports

star

in

school.

A:2.____________________________.

But

now

you

are

strong

and

tall.

So

I

didn’t…

B:

Really?

Now

my

favorite

subject

is

P.E.What’s

your

favorite

subject?

A:3.___________________________.

I

haven’t

played

football

since

my

foot

hurt.You

used

to

be

thin

and

shortMy

favorite

subject

is

history

B:

History

is

interesting.

Are

you

OK

now?

A:

Yes,

I

am.

But

I

can’t

play

it

again.

B:

It’s

a

pity

that

you

can’t

be

a

football

player.

4.____________________________________?

A:

I

am

going

to

be

a

doctor

in

the

future.

How

about

you?

B:

I

want

to

be

a

scientist

to

make

our

country

stronger.

A:

You

are

great.

I

think

you

can

make

it.

B:5.___________.What

are

you

going

to

be

in

the

futureThank

youⅡ.书面表达

（2022·乐山中考）在中国共产主义青年团成立100周年之际，你校将开展“如何成为一名优秀学生”的征文活动。为此，请你给校报英语专栏写一篇短文，并倡议越来越多的同学入团。内容包括：

1.

爱国爱家，了解团史；

2.

与人和睦相处，乐于助人；

3.

努力学习，养成良好习惯；

4.

锻炼身体，保持健康。

要求：1.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；

2.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校等信息；

3.词数：不少于70。（开头已给出，但不计入总词数。）

参考词汇：the

Communist

Youth

League

of

China

（

CYLC

）

中国共产主义青年团,

anniversary

n.周年纪念日

This

year

is

the

100th

anniversary

of

the

founding

of

the

Communist

Youth

League

of

China.

Our

school

will

hold

an

activity

about

how

to

be

an

excellent

student.

I

think

we

should

do

the

following

things.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Firstly,

it’s

important

to

love

our

country

and

family.

Thanks

to

them,

we

can

live

a

happy

life.

Learning

about

the

history

of

the

Communist

Youth

League

of

China

is

necessary

for

us.

Secondly,

we

should

get

on

well

with

our

teachers

and

classmates.

Especially,

when

people

are

in

trouble,

we

should

be

ready

to

help

them.

In

order

to

achieve

our

Chinese

Dream,

we

should

try

our

best

to

study

hard

and

get

good

habits.

Finally,

we

should

keep

healthy

by

exercising.

In

a

word,

if

we

are

strong,

our

country

will

be

strong.

So

I

hope

more

and

more

junior

school

students

will

join

the

Communist

Youth

League

of

China.核心素养培优03Ⅰ.完形填空

（2022·遂宁中考）阅读下面短文，理解大意，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。

Zhang

Ming

and

Zhang

Peng

are

twin

brothers.

When

they

were

young,

they

were

interested

in

.

.1.

.

Chinese

culture

like

Chinese

clay

art

and

Beijing

Opera.

In

these

art

forms,

they

could

.

.2.

.

something

to

learn.

One

day,

they

met

an

old

man

.

.3.

.

is

good

at

shadow

puppet

play

（皮影戏）.

.

.4.

.

they

saw

the

play,

they

fell

in

love

with

it.

So

they

decided

to

.

.5.

.

the

old

man.

After

5

years’

study,

they

could

.

.6.

.

by

themselves.

When

they

acted

in

the

village,

the

villagers

sat

in

front

of

a

white

screen

and

watched

the

plays

happily.

Zhang

Ming

usually

stood

.

.7.

.

the

white

screen

and

held

different

kinds

of

characters.

Zhang

Peng

did

the

voices

of

the

different

characters.

.

.8.

.

of

the

villagers

liked

their

performances

and

hoped

they

could

.

.9.

.

performing.

“It’s

not

easy,”

Zhang

Ming

said.

“We

can’t

get

much

money

from

it.

Sometimes

we

even

have

.

.10.

.

money

to

buy

tools

we

need.

But

we

want

to

keep

this

art

form

alive.

So

we

will

stick

to

it

no

matter

how

hard

it

is!”1.(

)A.young

B.traditional

C.new

D.modernB2.(

)A.find

B.make

C.hear

D.wantA3.(

)A.which

B.when

C.where

D.whoD4.(

)A.Unless

B.As

soon

as

C.Even

though

D.In

order

thatB5.(

)A.play

with

B.hear

from

C.learn

from

D.depend

onC6.(

)A.dance

B.write

C.perform

D.reportC7.(

)A.on

B.in

C.under

D.behindD8.(

)A.All

B.None

C.Both

D.NeitherA9.(

)A.put

off

B.end

up

C.keep

on

D.take

upC10.(

)A.much

B.little

C.enough

D.someBⅡ.阅读理解

（2022·宜昌中考改编）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Why

do

you

need

hobbies?

A

study

has

found

that

people

are

more

positive

（积极的）

when

they

take

part

in

a

relaxing

activity.1.

___

Scientists

also

think

they

might

be

good

for

your

brain.

How

do

you

choose

the

right

hobby?

Start

with

what

you

enjoyed

in

the

past.

Did

you

once

play

football?2.

___

If

you

find

it

isn’t

for

GCyou,

stop

and

turn

to

something

new.

Probably

joining

a

class

or

a

team

will

give

you

a

chance

to

meet

other

people.

Which

relaxing

activities

are

good

for

physical

health?

It’s

clear

that

exercise

is

going

to

be

good

for

your

body,

for

example

walking.

3.

___

A

review

of

94

studies

found

that

dancing

three

times

a

week

improved

balance

in

older

people.

Getting

out

in

nature

is

helpful,

whether

you’re

hiking

or

doing

something

less

active.

A

Which

hobbies

keep

your

mind

active?4.

___

Playing

the

piano

or

listening

to

your

favorite

band

can

help

you

make

it.

Researches

have

found

reading

is

also

good

for

your

brain.

5.

___So

let’s

take

up

great

hobbies.EDA.Dancing

is

wonderful

exercise.B.Swimming

is

good

for

our

health,

too.C.Take

it

up

again

or

start

something

else.D.Hobbies

let

you

forget

your

worries

and

have

fun.E.Learning

an

instrument

and

reading

are

the

best

choices.F.

It’s

good

for

you

to

read

every

day.G.Other

studies

have

shown

that

hobbies

can

give

you

a

sense

of

achievement.Ⅲ.短文填空

（2021·成都中考改编）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。）argue,

beautiful,

far,

study,

good,

heat,

include,

special,

succeed,

work

Xu

Yuanchong

was

a

famous

Chinese

modern

translator.

Born

in

Nanchang,

Jiangxi

Province

in

1921,he

1._______

with

Qian

Zhongshu,Wu

Mi

and

other

Chinese

masters

at

The

National

Southwest

Associated

University.

He

went

to

University

of

Paris

for

2._______

studiedfurtherstudy

after

graduating

from

Tsinghua

University.

Over

the

course

of

a

translation

career（生涯）lasting

more

than

seventy

years,

Xu

translated

about

120

works,3._________

The

Book

of

Songs,

The

Songs

of

Chu

and

The

Red

and

the

Black.

He

focused

4._________

on

poetry（诗歌）.

Xu

is

also

the

only

person

in

China

who

5.___________

translated

poetry

to

and

from

Chinese,

English

and

French,

in

a

very

precise（准确的）and

beautiful

way.

His

6._______

are

often

chosen

as

textbooks

for

foreign

language

learners.

includingspeciallysuccessfullyworks

Xu

paid

much

attention

to

the

7._______

of

image,

sound

and

form.

He

would

leave

something

out

and

add

something

to

make

the

translated

works

more

beautiful.

During

his

translation

career,

he

was

at

the

center

of

many

8.________

debates（辩论）with

other

translators.

But

Xu

said,

“I

am

not

afraid

of

9.________

because

the

truth

becomes

clearer

with

each

debate.”

Unfortunately,Xu

passed

away

on

June

17,2021.

To

everyone,

he

once

sent

a

wish:

“Good,

better,

best.

Never

let

it

rest

until

your

good

is

better,

and

your

better

is

10._____.”beautyheatingarguingbestⅣ.任务型阅读

（2021·长沙中考改编）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。

As

an

exchange

student,

I

studied

in

France

for

two

years.

The

first

time

I

took

a

class

in

the

chemistry

lab,

I

was

surprised

to

find

that

students

were

fully

“armed”.

Everyone

was

wearing

goggles

（

护目镜）

and

gloves.

Safety

comes

first

for

science

lab

class.

My

chemistry

teacher

Mrs.

Louise

usually

gave

us

the

instruction

paper

the