《港口机械与电气专业》-Lesson 33The Brief Introduction to the Common Chassis

TextContentschassis 底盘steeringwheel 转向盘shiftlever 换挡操纵杆leafspring 钢板弹簧engine 发动机clutch 离合器gearbox 变速器propellershaft 传动轴finalreduction 轮边减速器(主减速器)frame 车架universaljoint 万向节rearaxle 后桥differential 差速器halfshaft 半轴rearsuspension 后悬架drivingaxle 驱动桥rearwheel 后轮drivenaxle 从动桥rightsteeringknuckle 右转向节trapezoidalarm 梯形臂tierod 转向横拉杆knucklearm 转向节臂draglink 转向直拉杆pitmanarm 转向摇臂steeringgear 转向器steeringuniversaljoint 转向万向节steeringdriveaxle 转向传动轴steeringshaft 转向轴steeringwheel 转向盘brake

pedal 制动踏板pusher 推杆main

cylinder

piston 主缸活塞brake

master

cylinder 制动主缸brake

wheel

cylinder 制动轮缸wheel

cylinder

piston 轮缸活塞brake

drum 制动鼓friction

disk 摩擦片brake

shoe 制动蹄brake

plate 制动底板supporting

pin 支撑销brakeshoereturn

spring 制动蹄回位弹簧TextAlthoughtherearemanykindsofenginestoday,thechassisstructuredoesnothavegreatdifferences.Steeringwheel,shiftlever,leafspring,engine,clutch,gearbox,propellershaft,finalreductionandframearethemaincomponentsofthecommonchassis.Generallyspeaking,therearefoursystemsinthechassis.Theyare:transmissionsystem,travelingsystem,steeringsystemandbrakesystem.Transmissionsystem(Figure33-1)islocatedbetweentheengineanddrivingwheel.Thefunctionofthetransmissionsystemistotransmitthepowerfromtheenginetothedrivingwheel.Themaincomponentsoftransmissionsystemareclutch,gearbox,finalFigure33-1Transmissionsystem1—Clutch;2—Gearbox;3—Universaljoint;4—Rearaxle;5—Differential;6—Halfshaft;7—Finalreduction;8—Propeller

shaftreductionanddifferential.Thepurposeofclutchistopermitthedrivertocoupleoruncoupletheengineandtransmission.Anditisthegearboxthatprovidesdifferentgearratiosbetweentheengineandwheels.Thefunctionofthedifferentialistopermittherightandleftwheeltorotatedifferentamountswhenthecargoesaroundaturn.Traveling

system

consists

of

frame,

axle,

wheel

and

suspension.

The

frame

is

thefoundationofthewholevehicle.Axlesareconnectedtotheframebyspringstoevenouttheshocksfromtheirregularitiesofthegroundsurface.Itissuspensionthattransferstheforces

and

torques

from

the

wheel

to

the

frame,

absorbing

impact

and

vibration.Frame,rearsuspension,drivingaxle,rearwheel,frontaxle,drivenaxleandfrontsuspensionareusedtodescribetraveling

system.Weusesteeringsystem(Figure33-2)toguidethecar.Thatistosay,thepurposeofthesteeringsystemisguidingthecarwherethedriverwantsittogo.Themaincomponentsofthesteeringsystemareas

followings.Figure33-2Steeringsystem1—Rightsteeringknuckle;2—Trapezoidalarm;3—Tierod;4—Trapezoidalarm;5—Leftsteeringknuckle;6—Knucklearm;7—Draglink;8—Pitmanarm;9—Steeringgear;10—Steeringuniversaljoint;11—Steeringdriveaxle;12—Steeringshaft;13—SteeringwheelWeusebrakesystemtosloworstopthecar.Goodbrakesareessentialforsafety.Hydraulicsbrakesareusuallyusedoncommoncars,anditoperatesbyapplyingpressuretoafluid.Brake

pedal,

pusher,

main

cylinder

piston,

brake

master

cylinder,

oil

pipe,

brakewheel

cylinder,

wheel

cylinder

piston,

brake

drum,

f