【《某城区排水管网及水质净化厂的工程方案论证》6800字】

某城区排水管网及水质净化厂的工程方案论证目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\u29284某城区排水管网及水质净化厂的工程方案论证 1304431.1排水体制论证 1221821.2排水方案论证 2161791.2.1污水方案论证 2161901.2.2雨水方案论证 4243761.3推荐方案工程设计 4305691.3.1设计参数选取及依据 4320451.3.2污水设计参数 473741.4污水管道设计 559691.4.1污水管道设计规定 558871.4.2水力计算 661421.5雨水管道设计 10276071.6附属构筑物设计 1499811.6.1雨水口 14245521.6.2污水检查井 1527521.6.3污水提升泵站 151.1排水体制论证在设计时，首先需合理地进行选择排水系统的体制，排水体制是城市和工业企业排水系统规划和设计中的重要问题。排水系统的选择应满足环境保护的需要，且应根据当地条件，通过技术，经济比较确定体制，其中应着重考虑环境保护这项因素。城市排水系统的排水体制有：分流制、合流制和混流制。分流制排水系统：是将城市生活污水、工业废水和雨水分别在两个及以上各自独立的管道内排水的系统。分流制将城市污水全部送至污水厂进行处理，排放，与合流制相比较为灵活，且符合环境保护的要求。截流干管直径适合，能适应城市未来发展的需要，该体制也符合水质卫生的规范，在国内得到了普遍的应用。从经济方面来看，分流制可节省初期投资费用。分流制系统可以使管内的流速保持稳定，不易发生淤积，沉淀，同时，流入污水厂的水量和水质比合流制变化小得多，因此污水厂的运行和维护易于控制。合流制排水系统：是将城市生活污水、工业废水和雨水在同一个管道内排除的系统。其中部分混合污水未经水处理直接排放入环境中，因而污染水源，不利于环境保护和后期维护。混流制：是指综合利用分流制和混流制的排水体制。因为该地区雨季时，雨量较大，而且近从几年来全国各地经常发生内涝的情况考虑，为了城市的长足发展，和居民的生活质量，该设计采用完全分流制排水系统。1.2排水方案论证本次设计取设计范围内的地形为南高北地，地形整体由南坡向北边，但地形高差不大，坡度较缓。1.2.1污水方案论证方案一：方案二：两个污水布置方案中，污水处理厂的位置是相同的，均位于设计高程较低的地方。由于城区有一条较大的河流穿城而过，因此污水过河的方式是决定两个方案优劣的关键。由于污水处理厂布置在河道南侧，因此北侧污水需要过河至南侧。在方案一中，河道北侧污水统一汇流至一点后集中过河，因此只需要在河道一处加大投资施工即可。而在方案二中，污水在两处均存在过河，这在一定程度上增加了投资与施工难度，而且污水过河需要设置倒虹吸，过河的地点越多，对后期的运行维护就提出了更高的要求，倒虹吸若不能较好的维护，极易造成污水管道堵塞。因此综合考虑，本次设计选择方案一。1.2.2雨水方案论证由于设计区域内河道众多，水系发达。因此雨水管道的设计采用就近排入附近水体的方案。这样做的好处是一方面可以降低下游管道的汇流面积，减小管径，另一方面是可以减少管道敷设长度，降低埋深。由于河道南侧城区存在众多支流水系，因此遵循雨水管道不过河的原则，遇见河道即设置排出口。由于河道北侧城区无支流水系，因此河道北侧城区的雨水统一汇流至一点后集中排放至主河道。1.3推荐方案工程设计1.3.1设计参数选取及依据1.3.2污水设计参数老城区街坊面积总计550ha，人口密度300人/ha设计总人口为550×300=165000人新区街坊面积总计120ha，人口密度260人/ha设计总人口为120×260=31200人综合生活用水定额为200，排放系数为0.8取平均日综合生活污水定额为200×0.8=160L/(人·d)则平均日综合生活污水量为：160×（165000+31200）=31392m3/d=363L/s。综合变化系数Kz=2.7则最高日最高时综合生活污水量为1.41×363=512L/s工业污水量：2500×0.8==2000m3/d=23L/s城市最高日最高时污水总设计流量为：23+512=535L/s2.3.3雨水设计参数暴雨强度公式为：q=t=t1+t2重现期P取2年t1——地面集流时间，取15mint2——管内流行时间雨水设计流量：Q=φFqφ——综合径流系数，取0.651.4污水管道设计1.4.1污水管道设计规定（1）最大设计充满度的规定：表2.1管径与最大充满度的关系管径D（mm）最大设计充满度h/D200~3000．55350~4500．65500~9000．70≥10000．75(2)最小坡度：管径300mm的最小设计坡度3‰。(3)设计流速：最小设计流速是保证管道内不致发生淤积的流速。污水管道最小流速定为0.6m/s.金属管道的最大设计流速为10m/s，非金属管道的最大设计流速为5m/s.。(4)最小管径：1)厂区内的工业废水管、生活污水管、街坊内的生活污水管200mm。2)城市街道下的生活污水管300mm。(5)覆土：1)冰冻要求：在0.70m以下。2)最大覆土：不宜大于6m。3)理想覆土：在满足各方面要求的前提下，争取维持在1~2m。4)荷载要求：最小覆土在车行道下一般不小于0.7m。(6)连接：1)管道在检查井内连接。2)管道管径相同时的连接方式用水面平接，管径不同时用管顶平接。3)在任何情况下进水管底不得低于出水管底，若出现三条管段连接的情况，选择出水管管内底标高低的一条管段连接。(7)坡度骤变的处理：1)管道坡度骤然变陡，可由大管径变小管径。2)当D=200~300mm时，只能按生产规格减小一级。3)当D≥400mm时，应根据水力计算确定，但减小不能超过二级。4)管道坡度骤然变缓，应逐渐过渡。(8)小管核算：1)当有公建筑物位于管线始端时，应加入该集中流量进行满流核。2)流量很小而地形又较平坦的上游支线，可采用非计算管段，采用最小管径，按最小坡度控制。(9)溢流：污水管道在进入泵站或处理厂前，当条件允许时，可设事故溢流口，但必须取得当地有关部门的同意。(10)在充满度过高的管段、跌水井、大浓度污水接入的井位以及污水管线上每隔500m左右的井位处宜设通风管。1.4.2水力计算污水管网水力计算，是从上游起端节点开始向下游节点进行，依次对各管段进行设计计算，知道末端节点。为了确定各管段管径、埋深、坡度、和充满度等，必须先计算出各管段设计流量。污水管段设计流量（L/s）的计算公式：q=式中q1i各管段输送的居民生活污水平均日流量(L/s)，它们在管网中满足连续性条件；q2i各管段输送的工业废水设计流量（L/s），它们在管网中满足连续性条件；q3i各管段输送的工业企业生活与淋浴污水设计流量设计流量（L/s），它们在管网中满足连续性条件；q4i各管段输送的公共建筑生活设计流量（L/s），它们在管网中满足连续性条件；Kz1i各管段输送的居民生活污水量总变化系数；M污水管网中的管段总数。在确定设计流量后，便可以从上游管段开始依次进行各设计管段的水力计算。污水管道水力计算公式为：V=其中：V——流速（m/s），确保排水管最小流速满足规范规定R——水力半径（m）I——水力坡降n——管道粗糙系数，HDPE管采用0.01，钢筋砼管采用0.013计算结果详见附件污水主干管水力计算表。污水设计流量计算表管段编号管长(m)人口•指标设计流量(l/s)本段平均流量(l/s)本段集中流量(l/s)转输平均流量(l/s)转输集中流量(l/s)总变化系数KzW7-W13335.89.7890002.1621.14W13-W12325.4009.78902.1621.14W12-W17179.45.537017.02201.9443.76W17-W162752.239030.99701.8561.49W16-W21133.95.033049.78301.7595.93W21-W30230.40072.9301.69123.25W30-W29135.90072.9301.69123.25W29-W395470093.621231.62174.67W39-W36647.43.8350127.184231.57228.7W36-W28583.64.3040221.566231.49359.55W28-W3149.62.1670270.801231.48426.99W31-W2770.73.9320346.482231.45531.1W55-W49567.512.8830002.0626.54W49-W41316.44.465012.88301.9834.35W41-W48299.519.302017.34701.8367.07W48-W3832210.859036.6501.7784.09W38-W44236.34.716047.50901.7691.92W44-W31715.67.953065.56101.69124.24W32-W23413.520.5310001.9640.24W23-W28338.49.782024.32901.8563.11W58-W56565.915.574000231.15W56-W52642.217.072015.57401.8660.72W52-W45392.521.652032.64601.7595.02W45-W36331.716.846073.70201.63147.59W43-W42364.211.310002.1123.86W42-W47595.311.411014.4301.9149.36W47-W46282.60025.84201.9149.36W46-W40188.57.721025.84201.8562.09W40-W39339.90033.56201.8562.09W1-W53006.42323002.2637.52W5-W20642.44.97306.423232.1147.05W20-W26221.90011.396232.1147.05W26-W29309.19.296011.396231.9563.35W8-W10160.88.3480002.218.37W10-W15147.32.96108.34802.1123.86W15-W14210.20011.30902.1123.86W14-W19183.31.053011.30902.0825.71W19-W25431.20012.36202.0825.71W25-W22244.90012.36202.0825.71W22-W21260.45.752012.36201.9835.87W2-W6275.910.5260002.1322.42W6-W16545.16.021010.52601.9932.93W18-W17157.18.4380002.218.56W3-W12632.17.2330002.2316.13W57-W54541.36.6640002.2514.99W54-W44638.16.67106.66402.0527.34W11-W24452.47.4210002.2316.55W24-W28298.63.39907.42102.1323.05W9-W235963.7980002.38.73W51-W50695.514.5240002.0129.19W50-W45543.50019.40401.9638.03W37-W35290.93.1210002.37.18W35-W42321.9003.12102.37.18W4-W14560.6000010W53-W50263.64.880002.311.22W33-W34595.1000010W34-W35141.3000010污水水力计算表管段编号管长(m)管径(mm)坡度流速(m/s)充满度(h/D)起点地面高(m)终点地面高(m)起点管底高(m)终点管底高(m)起点管底埋深(m)终点管底埋深(m)W7-W13335.83000.0030.670.45815.68816.29814.65813.6511.032.647W13-W12325.43000.0030.670.45816.29814.21713.65112.6752.6471.542W12-W17179.44000.0030.80.44814.21714.67612.57512.0351.6422.641W17-W162754000.0030.870.54714.67614.50612.03511.212.6413.296W16-W21133.95000.0030.980.514.50614.27411.1110.7093.3963.565W21-W30230.45000.0031.040.58314.27414.44310.70910.0183.5654.425W30-W29135.95000.0031.040.58314.44315.22710.0189.6124.4255.615W29-W395476000.0031.140.53515.22714.3749.5127.8715.7156.503W39-W36647.46000.0031.210.63614.37414.12213.01411.0721.363.05W36-W28583.67000.0031.350.65414.12213.15310.9329.1813.193.972W28-W3149.68000.0031.420.57913.15312.8169.0818.9324.0723.884W31-W2770.78000.0031.480.6712.81612.7478.9328.723.8844.027W55-W49567.53000.02271.490.336.35422.90534.78521.8751.5691.03W49-W41316.43000.0131.310.39922.90518.70521.79417.6751.1111.03W41-W48299.54000.0121.490.38718.70515.06617.51413.9261.1911.14W48-W383225000.0030.950.46315.06613.81213.52812.5621.5381.25W38-W44236.35000.0030.970.48713.81213.2612.56211.8531.251.407W44-W31715.65000.0031.040.58613.2612.81611.8539.7061.4073.11W32-W23413.54000.0030.790.42715.44115.514.30113.061.142.44W23-W28338.44000.0030.880.55615.513.15313.02812.0132.4721.14W58-W56565.93000.00991.150.40726.61920.9225.50419.891.1151.03W56-W52642.24000.00491.050.4720.9217.6819.66716.541.2531.14W52-W45392.54000.00611.270.57617.6815.25116.4914.1111.191.14W45-W36331.75000.0031.080.65715.25114.12212.12711.1323.1242.99W43-W42364.23000.00881.020.36416.85213.27215.4412.2421.4121.03W42-W47595.34000.0030.830.4813.27215.68311.87510.0891.3975.594W47-W46282.64000.0030.830.4815.68315.31910.0899.2425.5946.077W46-W40188.54000.0030.880.5515.31916.559.2428.6766.0777.874W40-W39339.94000.0030.880.5516.5514.3748.6767.6567.8746.718W1-W53003000.00861.150.47120.70917.85919.40916.8291.31.03W5-W20642.44000.0030.820.46717.85917.88216.71914.7921.143.09W20-W26221.94000.0030.820.46717.88216.78914.79214.1263.092.663W26-W29309.14000.0030.880.55716.78915.22714.12613.1992.6632.028W8-W10160.83000.03881.330.2527.77921.05226.25420.0221.5251.03W10-W15147.33000.03061.60.26321.05216.50819.98615.4781.0661.03W15-W14210.23000.0030.690.49116.50815.91915.47814.8471.031.072W14-W19183.33000.0030.70.51315.91917.11414.84714.2971.0722.817W19-W25431.23000.0030.70.51317.11416.45514.29713.0042.8173.451W25-W22244.93000.0030.70.51316.45515.25713.00412.2693.4512.988W22-W21260.44000.0030.760.40115.25714.27412.16911.3883.0882.886W2-W6275.93000.00680.920.37819.85917.77618.61916.7461.241.03W6-W16545.13000.00590.960.48717.77614.50616.69213.4761.0841.03W18-W17157.13000.02521.340.2518.95514.67617.60313.6461.3521.03W3-W12632.13000.00390.690.36716.8814.21715.65213.1871.2281.03W57-W54541.33000.01641.090.2528.97719.83427.68218.8041.2951.03W54-W44638.13000.01021.120.37619.83413.2618.76412.231.071.03W11-W24452.43000.0131.060.27222.3711721.34115.4731.031.527W24-W28298.63000.01091.10.3381713.15315.36312.1231.6371.03W9-W235963000.0030.530.28516.86115.515.83114.0431.031.457W51-W50695.53000.0030.730.5517.07415.05716.04413.9581.031.099W50-W45543.54000.0030.770.41415.05715.25113.85812.2271.1993.024W37-W35290.93000.0030.50.25814.9113.97113.81412.9411.0961.03W35-W42321.93000.0030.50.25813.97113.27212.94111.9751.031.297W4-W14560.63000.012600.2523.35815.91921.94714.8891.4111.03W53-W50263.63000.01430.810.2519.03315.05717.79714.0271.2361.03W33-W34595.13000.009500.2520.51314.51819.12413.4881.3891.03W34-W35141.33000.00300.2514.51813.97113.36512.9411.1531.031.5雨水管道设计雨水管道设计流量为：Q=ψ×q×F其中：F——汇水面积（hm2）ψ——径流系数，雨水综合径流系数采用0.65雨水管道水里计算公式为：V=其中：V——流速（m/s），确保排水管最小流速满足规范规定R——水力半径（m）I——水力坡降n——管道粗糙系数，HDPE管采用0.01，钢筋砼管采用0.013各设计管段的水力计算见计算表所示。雨水设计流量计算表管段编号管段长度(m)集流时间(min)重现期(年)暴雨强度(L/(s*ha))转输面积(m^2)汇流面积(m^2)设计流量(m^3/s)Y66-Y63192.7152247.530749861.206Y62-Y58264.1152247.53081842.81.317Y58-Y56310.621.32210.68232335.7433864.65.941Y61-Y47612.6152247.530215929.33.474Y47-Y55303.517.82229.35215929.3459364.16.848Y55-Y41323.419.12221.83459364.1601309.88.67Y41-Y50202.921.12211.44601309.8680405.99.351Y36-Y37595.2152247.530191364.83.079Y37-Y3814018.22226.94191364.8191364.83.079Y38-Y48321.620.12216.85191364.8191364.83.079Y48-Y54598.524.32197.4243699.2433366.95.56Y54-Y53282.132.32170.41433366.9433366.95.56Y53-Y46190.936.12160.59433366.9562848.15.875Y46-Y45288.838.82154.41562848.1655918.96.583Y9-Y25594.8152247.530636891.025Y25-Y30338.219.92217.9407996.9572046.98.102Y30-Y33265.924.32197.57920785.4920785.411.825Y33-Y40314.927.42185.7920785.4103280112.466Y40-Y43178.331.121741093767116595113.187Y69-Y67564.1152247.530261184.24.202Y67-Y65311.217.72229.76261184.2463733.26.926Y65-Y60337.319.62219.41463733.371181410.152Y60-Y52381.521.32210.66711814910588.812.469Y52-Y42148232202.93910588.8910588.812.469Y68-Y64538.2152247.530111761.21.798Y64-Y57328.617.72230.15111761.22236373.345Y57-Y51314.819.32220.64223637344074.14.935Y51-Y39366.320.92212.62344074.1477453.56.599Y8-Y10163.2152247.53049656.60.799Y10-Y15147.615.72242.9649656.649656.60.799Y15-Y14209.816.42238.1249656.649656.60.799Y14-Y1918419.82218.18189653.2207316.72.94Y19-Y2121622.42205.7207316.8207316.82.94Y21-Y26215.325.42193.13207316.83070633.855Y26-Y24243.428.12183.4307063323119.83.855Y24-Y23261.831.22173.77323119.7403519.14.558Y23-Y29231.335.12163.191223042122304212.973Y29-Y28135.337.72156.791223042122304212.973Y28-Y34212.139.32153.331570046157004615.647Y1-Y5296.6152247.530107713.61.733Y5-Y20646.9172234.17107713.6191109.32.909Y20-Y27344.126.12190.65191109.23470044.3Y27-Y28182.428.72181.463470043470044.3Y7-Y13335.9152247.530164157.92.641Y13-Y12323.520.42214.85164157.9164157.92.641Y12-Y17197.923.22202.18285456.7378320.74.972Y17-Y16274.725.92191.07420078.6457627.45.684Y16-Y23135.629.42179.02735117819522.49.536Y4-Y14558.7152247.530139996.62.252Y2-Y6276.5152247.5301765222.84Y6-Y16543.516.82235.54176522277489.74.248Y18-Y17156.6152247.53041757.80.672Y3-Y12611.5152247.530121298.81.952Y44-Y40639.6152247.53060965.90.981Y11-Y22450.3152247.530124448.12.002Y22-Y30296.517.32232.1124448.11814452.737Y32-Y25412.2152247.530344307.95.54Y35-Y30341.1152247.530167293.62.692Y49-Y48361.5152247.53052334.40.842Y59-Y58691.6152247.530150492.92.421雨水水力计算表管段编号管段长度(m)管径(mm)宽度(mm)坡度流速(m/s)起点地面标高(m)终点地面标高(m)起点管底标高(m)终点管底标高(m)起点管底埋深(m)终点管底埋深(m)Y66-Y63192.770000.02963.8436.27730.10934.33328.6391.9441.47Y62-Y58264.180000.01252.7319.04415.07216.79313.4922.2511.58Y58-Y56310.6170030000.00061.2515.07214.63212.41812.2322.6542.4Y61-Y47612.6120000.01313.6627.23618.72624.71916.7062.5172.02Y47-Y55303.5150000.01063.8218.72615.10215.95812.7522.7682.35Y55-Y41323.4157022000.00342.6615.10213.80712.63111.5372.4712.27Y41-Y50202.9248030000.00051.3313.80713.19610.11710.0163.693.18Y36-Y37595.2120000.00943.120.52514.51818.07612.4982.4492.02Y37-Y38140180000.00091.2614.51813.97711.42311.2973.0952.68Y38-Y48321.6180000.00091.2613.97713.26610.87510.5863.1022.68Y48-Y54598.5183026000.00061.2413.26615.63910.55610.1972.715.442Y54-Y53282.1183026000.00061.2415.63915.34310.19710.0285.4425.315Y53-Y46190.9183030000.00051.1815.34316.50710.0289.9325.3156.575Y46-Y45288.8183030000.00061.2916.50714.4089.9329.7596.5754.649Y9-Y25594.880000.0072.0416.86512.815.28511.1231.581.677Y25-Y30338.2222030000.00051.2712.813.1659.4069.2373.3943.928Y30-Y33265.9268033000.00051.413.16512.7588.7778.6444.3884.114Y33-Y40314.9278034000.00051.4412.75814.0928.5448.3874.2145.705Y40-Y43178.3278035000.00051.4514.09214.8478.3878.2985.7056.549Y69-Y67564.1140000.00953.4626.62920.90724.02218.6672.6072.24Y67-Y65311.2200000.00392.8120.90719.58317.89816.6833.0092.9Y65-Y60337.3200000.00523.2319.58317.65416.49514.7543.0882.9Y60-Y52381.5222020000.00563.7517.65415.27714.49312.3573.1612.92Y52-Y42148278034000.00051.4415.27714.88311.47711.4033.83.48Y68-Y64538.290000.01633.3829.00419.86926.97618.1792.0281.69Y64-Y57328.6120000.01043.2619.86916.36717.75914.3472.112.02Y57-Y51314.8140000.00893.3616.36713.26313.83911.0232.5282.24Y51-Y39366.3183030000.00061.2913.26313.50710.59310.3732.673.134Y8-Y10163.260000.04294.1827.78620.9826.42619.4221.361.558Y10-Y15147.660000.02833.3920.9816.51919.33315.1591.6471.36Y15-Y14209.8100000.00131.0216.51915.91414.38714.1142.1321.8Y14-Y19184200000.00071.1915.91417.11313.01412.8852.94.228Y19-Y21216200000.00071.1917.11317.78912.88512.7344.2285.055Y21-Y26215.3222020000.00071.3317.78916.45312.51412.3635.2754.09Y26-Y24243.4222020000.00071.3316.45315.26512.36312.1934.093.072Y24-Y23261.8222020000.00051.1215.26514.27611.48711.3563.7782.92Y23-Y29231.3278034000.00051.4414.27614.4469.9929.8774.2844.569Y29-Y28135.3278034000.00051.4414.44615.229.8779.8094.5695.411Y28-Y34212.1298037000.00051.5115.2215.3769.6099.5035.6115.873Y1-Y5296.6100000.00762.4820.60817.84518.30916.0452.2991.8Y5-Y20646.9200000.00071.1917.84517.88514.94514.4922.93.393Y20-Y27344.1200000.00272.1817.88516.07914.10713.1793.7782.9Y27-Y28182.4200000.00362.3216.07915.2212.9712.323.1092.9Y7-Y13335.9180000.00061.0315.68316.29913.00312.8012.683.498Y13-Y12323.5180000.00311.9816.29914.26112.58911.5813.712.68Y12-Y17197.9157028000.00061.1914.26114.67111.58111.4622.683.209Y17-Y16274.7157030000.00071.3114.67114.5111.46211.273.2093.24Y16-Y23135.6248031000.00051.3414.5114.27610.3610.2924.153.984Y4-Y14558.7100000.01263.1823.32515.91421.16114.1142.1641.8Y2-Y6276.5120000.00662.5919.86717.76917.56215.7492.3052.02Y6-Y16543.5150000.00522.6917.76914.5115.0112.162.7592.35Y18-Y17156.660000.02523.218.95214.67117.26513.3111.6871.36Y3-Y12611.5120000.00341.8616.76514.26114.3112.2412.4552.02Y44-Y40639.6120000.00080.9114.36314.09212.34311.8312.022.261Y11-Y22450.3100000.01293.2222.3511720.55114.7441.82.256Y22-Y30296.5110000.01083.131713.16514.44811.2552.5521.91Y32-Y25412.2150000.00723.1515.44512.813.09510.1262.352.674Y35-Y30341.1180000.00071.1113.64313.16510.72410.4852.9192.68Y49-Y48361.570000.00942.1716.80113.26615.211.7961.6011.47Y59-Y58691.6140000.00271.8317.0615.07214.67212.8322.3882.241.6附属构筑物设计1.6.1雨水口雨水口采用砖砌偏沟式双篦雨水口，雨水箅子及支座采用球墨铸铁材质，详见《雨水口》16S518-1，页12、13页。雨水箅子表面应低于周围地面30mm，路面应顺坡坡向雨水口。施工中可根据需要调整雨水口位置或周围路面标高，使雨水口收水效果最佳。雨水口连接管采用d300钢筋混凝土承插口管，管坡度均不小于0.01，与主管道连接时采用管顶平接；除连接到用户支管上的雨水口井深按支管高度控制外，其余雨水口井深按≤1.0m控制。1.6.2污水检查井污水检查井采用砖砌排水检查井。盖板、底板均采用C30抗渗混凝土，抗渗等级P6；检查井垫层采用C15混凝土；若