英语专八冲刺

1

英语专八冲刺2

专八冲刺讲座目录专八写作大纲........................3专八作文整体评分标准................4专八作文各项评分标准................5专八作文中常出现的问题..............6专八作文命题范围....................7专八作文命题组成....................8专八作文应试策略....................10

专八作文中常见的语法错误............422013专八作文真题分析................48十、专八作文参考题目....................513

一、专八写作大纲能根据所给题目及要求撰写各类题材的文章，文章长度约400个单词；能做到内容充实、结构完整、语言通顺、用词恰当、表达得体。写作速度为30分钟300-400个单词。4

二、

专八作文总体评分标准

学生能根据所给题目及要求撰写一篇400词左右的作文。行文必须语言通顺，用词得体，结构合理，文体恰当，具有说服力。

19-20分

内容切题,

完整,

条理清楚,

文章结构严谨,

语法正确,

语言通顺恰当,

句式用词富有变化,基本无语言错误。

15-18分

内容切题,完整,条理较清楚,文章结构较严谨,语言比较通顺恰当,少量语法拼写错误。

11-14分

内容基本切题,完整,条理基本清楚,文章结构基本严谨,

语言基本通顺恰当，少量严重错误,一些词使用不当。

7-10分

内容基本切题,完整,条理不够清楚,较明显的母语痕迹，较多语言错误,许多词使用不当。

3-6分

内容偏题,不完整,思路混乱,语句不完整,只有少数句子可以理解,词汇拼写错误严重。5

三、专八作文各项评分标准

1.评分标准：内容(content)结构(organization)语言(language)2.评分方法：整体评分法(globalscoring)6

四、专八作文中常出现的问题1.作文的论点未展开。没有在第一部分阐明观点，写了一题目关联不明显的细节和现象。2.作文结构不严谨；段落没有主题句，且句际/段落关系不明显。3.作文首尾不一致。作文开头与结尾部分内容衔接不上，或自相矛盾。4.作文中各种语篇纽带使用较少，以至缺乏连贯性。1）简单句多，从句和连词的频率少。2）各种照应的使用少。3）关键词和同义/近义词出现的频率低。7

五、专八作文命题范围社会热点问题:包括就业、环境、能源、媒体、交通、婚姻、伪劣商品、犯罪等。学校生活:学习方法、课堂活动、体育、人际关系、讲座、军训等等。科技:电脑、克隆、空间科学、交通工具、海洋资源、能源利用等。个人兴趣:业余爱好、生活方式、时尚、旅行等。青少年问题:代沟、吸烟、理想、职业、减负等。8

六、专八作文命题组成1.提供文章相关的背景和提示，给出题目或要求学生根据相关的背景和提示自拟题目2.对文章结构提出要求，包括在引言部分点题，在正文部分用相关细节论述，在结尾部分做自然概括。92003-2013年专八作文真题2013年:IsaSoundSocialEnvironmentNecessaryforPeopletoBeGoodtoOthers?2012年：自拟，谈谈手机对大学生交际的影响2011年：ShouldfamousChinesesitesofhistoricalinterestchargehigherfeesduringpeaktravelseasons?2010年：Theimportantroleofacity’slocalconditionsintheurbandesign.2009年：Aredialectsjustasacceptableinpublicplaces?

2008年：WhatIhavelearnedfromyearsatuniversity

2007年：自拟，谈谈贫富差距是否影响友谊.2006年：OnAmbition 2005年：自拟，谈谈你对面试的看法。

2004年：ShouldUniversityStudentsGoinforBusiness? 2003年：自拟，与以前时代的人相比，讨论当今中国的年轻人是否更以自我为中心，缺乏同情心。10

七、

专八作文应试策略

高效审题整理思路，写出论点句或主旨句(athesisstatement)即文章要讨论的主题+作者对主题的态度或看法1.WatchingTVhasbecomethebestalternativecourseforchildren’s

education.2.

InAmericantoday,itseemsasifpeopledon’tcareabouthonestand

lawful

behavioranymore.3.

Notjutemptystories,fairytalesshedlightonthepsychologyof

youngchildren4.

Butwhatevertheadvantagesofthepackagetour,Iliketraveling

alonewiththefamilyorfriends.5.

ButIarguethateuthanasia,evenifvoluntary,shouldnotbelegalized.11

论点句不仅要表达作者的态度，还需要根据要求对题目的范围进行控制和确定。1.Whateverpressures,academicorprofessional,experiencedby

students,cheatingontheexamisnotallowed.2.Academicandprofessionalpressuresmakeitunderstandablethatcheatingonthe

examiswidespreadonthecampustoday.(sympathetic)3.Cheatingontheexamispopularonthecampustodaybecauseofacademicandprofessionalpressures.12III

列好作文提纲

Topicoutline

Title:The

AdvantagesofTakingaPart-timeJob

1.Introduction:Therearemanyadvantagesoftakingapart-timejobforcollege students.(Thesisstatement)

2.Theadvantagesoftakingapart-timejob

A.Beingeconomicallyindependent B.Havingmoresocialexperience

C.Beinghelpfultotheiracademicstudies

3.Conclusion:Beingbeneficialtothecollegestudents13SentenceOutlineTitle:TheAdvantagesofTakingaPart-timeJob1.Introduction:Therearemanyadvantagesoftakingapart-timejobforcollegestudents.(Thesisstatement)2.Takingapart-timejobcandocollegestudentsalotgood.A. Collegestudentscanbeeconomicallyindependentbytakingapart-timejob.B. Collegestudentscangainmoresocialexperiencebytakingapart-timejob.C. Collegestudentscanimprovetheiracademicstudiesbytakingapart-timejob.3.Conclusion:Takingapart-timejobisbeneficialtothecollegestudents14

Roughoutline

Thesisstatement:Goingtocollegeisexpensive.1.Tuitionandotherfees2.Booksandsupplies3.Transportationcosts15IV写好引言段1.故事法

LastSunday,Iwenttoourteacher’sdepartmentat10o’clockintheevening.IwassoamazingwhenIfoundhersix-year-olddaughterstilldoingherhomework.Shewassosleepythatshecouldn’topenhereyes.Inspiteofthat,shedidn’tdaretosleepforshewouldbepunishedbytheteacherifshedidn'tfinishherhomework.Lookingather,don’tyouthinkitisofgreatnecessityfortheschooltoreducehomework?(ShouldSchoolchildren’sHomeworkbeReduced?)162. 惊语法Eachyearthousandsuponthousandsofgraduatesfloodthejobmarket,wavingtheircollegediplomasandcertificates,expectingbetterjobsintheirmajors,onlytobefrustratedanddisappointed…Whydocollegegraduatesfinditincreasinglydifficulttogetarewardingjob?173.引语法“Aswedecideandchoose,soareourlivesformed.Intheend,formingourowndestinyiswhatambitionisabout”,asJosephEpsteinoncesaid.Inthisworld,almosteveryonehasanambition,nomatterwhetheritissignificantortrivial.Inmyopinion,everyperson,youngorold,poororrichshouldhavetheirownambitionbecauseeachhastochoosehiswayoflifeandhisdestiny;andambitiondecidesone’sdestiny.184．问题法

WhyhaveIchosentoattendcollege?Isthefour-year

academiclifeworthwhile?…Afterponderingthesequestionsonmanyoccasions,IhavefinallyreachedtheconclusionthatcollegeeducationissomethingItrulywanttodoanditisworthwhile.195．数据法

AccordingtoarecentsurveybyChinaDaily,about15%percentofcollegegraduateshavedifficultiesfindingajobaftertheirgraduation,andthenumberseemstobeincreasing.206． 对立法

Eversincetheeasingofschoolchildren’sstudyburdenisadvocatedbyeducators,someteachersandparentsfrownatit,sayingthatitwillexertbadeffectsonthechildren.ButIthinkeasingschoolchildren’sstudyburdenwilldogoodtoschoolchildrenbothphysicallyandmentally.217. 事实描写法

Nowadayscollegestudentsareseenwaitingontables,cleaninginstores,advertisinginstreets,teachinginfamiliesanddingwhateverworktheycanfind.Ithasbecomefashionableforcollegestudentstodosomeoddjobsintheirsparetime.22V写好文章正文部分1.写好正文各个段落的主题句2．充分的展开段落展开方式:举例法、分类法、比较对照法、因果法、定义法。段落的组织方式:emphaticorder(orderofsignificance)重要性递增法3．注意段落之间及句子之间的衔接23TransitionalExpressionsToshowaddition:again,and,also,besides,equallyimportant,first(second,etc.),further,furthermore,inaddition,inthefirstplace,lastbutnotleastTogiveexamples:

forexample,forinstance,infact,specifically,thatis,toillustrate,asanillustration,inotherwords,suchas,namelymoreover,next,too,moreimportantly,24Tocompare:

also,inthesamemanner,likewise,similarlyTocontrast:

although,andyet,atthesametime,but,despite,eventhough,however,incontrast,inspiteof,nevertheless,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,still,though,yet25Tosummarizeorconclude:

allinall,inconclusion,inotherwords,inshort,insummary,onthewhole,thatis,therefore,tosumup

Toshowtime: after,afterward,as,aslongas,assoonas,atlast,before,during,earlier,finally,formerly,immediately,later,meanwhile,next,since,shortly,subsequently,then,thereafter,until,when,while

26Toshowplaceordirection:

above,below,beyond,close,elsewhere,fartheron,here,nearby,opposite,totheleft(north,etc.)Toindicatelogicalrelationship(toshowcauseandeffect):

accordingly,asaresult,because,consequently,forthisreason,hence,if,otherwise,since,so,then,therefore,thus27正文部分观点论述A或B模板

Dependingonpersonalexperience,personalitytypeandemotionalconcern,wefindthatsomepeopleholdtheideaofAmeanwhileothersprefertoB,frommypointofview,itismoreadvisabletochoseAratherthanB.Myargumentsforthispointarelistedasfollows.

ThemainreasonformypropensityforAisthat______________________________________________.Forinstance,__________________________________________________________________.Anotherreasoncanbeseenbyeveryoneisthat______________________________________.

Forexample,_________________________________________________________________.

TheargumentIsupportinthefirstparagraphisalsoinapositionofadvantagebecause________________________________________________________________________.AlthoughIagreethattheremay

beacoupleofadvantagesofB,Ifeelthatthedisadvantagesaremoreobvious.Such

as_______________________________________________________________.(如果开头段和结尾段加起来只有100字左右，正文部分的空白处的字数在八级考试中需在200字左右，一般情况下开头和结尾总计达150左右，请大家对空白处灵活处理。能够多增加字数的地方在于"Forinstance,Forexample,Suchas"这些空白处，因举例并不是一句话能说完的。最后由文章主体段落自然过渡到结尾段落，得出结论如"ThatiswhyitissagacioustosupportthestatementthatitisbettertoA...")28正文部分理由阐述式模板

With

the

development

of

the

society,

with

the

advent

of

__________________________

(相关事物或现象),

we

have

to

face

a

problem

that

__________________________________(主题问题).

What

are

the

reasons

for

it?

In

the

following

paragraphs,

I’ll

venture

to

explorethe

reasons.

To

start

with,

______________________________________________________(

阐述原因1).

Moreover,

_______________________________________________________

(

阐述原因2).

In

addition,

____________________________________________(阐述原因3).

In

view

of

the

seriousness

of

the

problem,

effective

measures

should

be

taken.

For

one

thing,

it

is

high

time

that

people

all

over

China

realized

the

importance

of

_____________________________________________________(解决主题问题).Foranother,thegoventmentshould

issue

strict

laws

and

regulations

in

order

to

put

the

situation

under

control.As

far

as

I

am

concerned,

the

best

way

out

is

__________________________________________

(解决方法).

(最后自然过渡到结尾部分"Consequently,

I’m

confident

that

a

bright

future

is

awaiting

us

because

_____________".一篇好的专八作文中的结尾和开头是相互呼应的，但结尾绝不是对开头的所谓重写，而是重申、升华或展望。专八作文大多为4段，其中主体为2段)29VI写好结尾部分结尾部分应该写得简洁明确、发人深省，突出强调文章的主旨。避免在结尾部分提出新的未加说明或论证的主题．301．复述式

…However,inmyopinion,Iwouldratherplaceconfidenceinthefirstplace.Butwhy? Tosumup,Iwanttosay,beingconfidentisnotaclichébutanongoingtaskforeverypotentialwinner….

（2002

TheMostImportantPersonalQualityofaUniversitystudent）312.展望式

Livinginthesuburbsisbecomingapredominantpattern,andwiththeimprovementoftrafficandtheperfectionofservices,itwillprovetoholdgreatsuperiorityovercitylife.(WhydoIChoosetoLiveItheSuburbs)323．建议式

Generallyspeaking,thedisadvantagesofprivatetutoringoverweightheadvantages.Therefore,greateremphasisshouldbelaidonclassroomteachingandpractice,ontheimprovementofteachingqualityandonthetappingofthepupil’spotentialities.Onlyinthiswaycananewgenerationbehealthilybroughtup.(提出建议)（TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofPrivateTutoring）334．警示式

Ifwedon’teaseourschoolchildren’sburdennow,justimaginewhatwouldbecomeofourchildreninafewyears:theireyesshort-sighted,theirbackshunched,theyarenothingbutbookworms(指出后果).Therefore,easingourchildren’sburdenisnotonlyanecessity,butamust.(EaseBurdenofOurSchoolChildren)345.Someproblemsinwritingaconclusion1)ShoutemptyslogansDoitnow!Noelectricity,nopower,noworld,nofuture,nohumanbeings!2)Showone’sdeterminationI’mdeterminedtoovercomeanydifficultiesandstudyEnglishbetterinthefuture!Imustdomybesttomakeourcitygreener!３)GiveasimplesummarySo,Ithinkthatmakingourcitygreenerisveryimportant.Therefore,noelectricityshouldbewasted.35VII.用地道语言写地道作文

1.选择词化度高的表达方式1）WatchingtoomuchTVmakeschildrenunabletostudywell.改进：HeavyexposuretoTVexertsanundesirableinfluenceonchildren’sstudy.2）Thisopportunitymakesmesharetheirexperienceandknowledge.改进：Thisopportunityallowsmetosharetheirexperienceandknowledge.3）Allthefactsmakemeconcludethatmoneydoesn’tmeaneverything.改进：Allthefactsleadmetoconcludethatmoneydoesn’tmeaneverything.4）TVmakespeoplehavefewchancestocommunicateeachother.改进：TVdeprivespeopleofthechancetocommunicateeachother.5）Herdeparturefrommylifealsomademebecometodistrustthefriendship.改进：Herdepartureleadstomysuspiciononfriendship.6）Settingofffirecrackersmightmakepeople’slivesdangerous改进：Settingofffirecrackersmightendangerpeople’slives.

362.用非人称主语句扮靓语言如：

a.Ifpeopleonlyapplybookknowledge,theywillnotgetgood

results.

b.Theapplicationofbookknowledgealonewon’tbringpeople

good

results.变人称主语句为非人称主语句的策略通常有以下几种：1）选用无生命事物做主语。如：Thefortyyears,1840-80,broughtalmosttenmillionmigrantstoAmerica.Thethickcarpetkilledthesoundofmyfootsteps.Beijinghaswitnessedmanygreathistoricalevents.

372）用"it"做形式主语

Itisnotourviewthatthesubstanceorthetoneofhisremarksthis

morningwillcontributetocreatingalastingpeaceintheMiddleEast.3）使用被动语态

Notonlypolitenessbutanattitudeofreverenceisdemandedinchurch.Careshouldbetaken

toseethattheletterisproperlyaddressed.4）用名词化做主语

Thedoctor’sextremelyquickarrivalanduncommonlycarefulexaminationofthepatientbroughtabouthisveryspeedyrecovery.

Acarefulcomparisonbetweenlivinginthecountrysideandlivinginthecitywillshowthesuperiorityoftheformeroverthelater.38

Ineconomicdevelopment,wemustcontrolourpopulation,conserveournaturalresourcesandprotectourenvironment.改进：Greatimportancemustbeattachedtopopulationcontrol,theconservationofresourcesandenvironmentalprotectionineconomicgrowth.

Ifwedon'trecognizetheseriousproblemofgrowingpopulation,wewillmakeabigmistake.改进：Failuretorecognizetheseriousnessofgrowingpopulationwillleadtoabigmistake.

WealwaysbelievethatthesocialsystemsoftwosidesoftheStraitsshallnotpreventusfromaimingatcontactingandcooperating.改进：WealwaysbelievethatthesocialsystemsoftwosidesoftheStraitsshallnotbeanobstacletoourcontactandcooperation.393.使用抽象名词使语句更加精炼，表达更加客观Themayorsaidthathewasverygratefulbecausetheconstructionworkerswereverydedicatedandcompetent.改进：Themayorexpressedhisappreciationofthededicationandcompetenceoftheconstructionworkers.404.使用突显顺序(salientorder)组织语句（1）Inthefactory,allpeoplefromthecadrestotheworkersarepassionatelydedicatedtotheirwork.Thismadeadeepimpressiononme.改进：Iwasdeeplyimpressedbythepassionatededicationofallpeople,fromtheleadershipdowntoalltheworkers.（2）Moneyandpowerarewhatallchildrenhavebeenbroughtuptoseek.ButIdidnotwantthem,sohewaspuzzled.改进：HewaspuzzledthatIdidnotwantwhatallchildrenhavebeenbroughtuptoseek:moneyandpower.（3）WhentheyhearthatinChina,throughoutmostofitshistory,extendedfamiliesofthreeorfourgenerationsliveunderthesameroof,theyareastonished.改进：TheyareastonishedtohearinChina,throughoutmostofitshistory,extendedfamiliesofthreeorfourgenerationsliveunderthesameroof.41VIII 检查１．检查标题。（１）所有字母全部大写，如：COMPETITIONORCO-OPERATION（２）标题第一个单词的首字母需大写，其后的单词实词大写，虚词不大写，如：InSupportofDormitoryPolicy２．检查introduction有没有ThesisStatement;Body中的每一个段是否有TopicSentence;文章是否统一、连贯。３．检查单词拼写、固定搭配、句型等。42

八、专八作文常见的语法错误1. Commasplices

误用逗号连接句Mariotoldeveryoneintheroomtobequiet,hisfavoriteshowwason.1) 分句各自独立成句，变成两个简单句Mariotoldeveryoneintheroom.Hisfavoriteshowwason.2)用逗号加并列连词连接，变成一个并列句

(fanboys:for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so)Iturnedtothewantads,butIknewmydreamjobwouldn’tbelisted.Lindawasverysleepy,forshestayedawakelastnight.Thecanoetouchedbottom,soDavepushedittowarddeeperwater.432.DanglingModifiersWhilereadingthenewspaper,mydogsatwithmeonthefrontsteps.Afterfinishinghisspeech,theaudiencewasinvitedtoaskquestionsTodowellinsports,atrainingschedulemustbefollowed.Standingbythewindow,theparkoppositeourhouseisinfullview.Fromattendingclass,theprinciplesofchemistryweremadeclear.Todevelopalivelywritingstyle,allkindsofsentencestructuresshouldbeused.Whenonlythreeyearsold,myfathertookmetoacircus.443.MisplacedModifiersGeorgecouldn’tdrivetoworkinhissmallsportscarwithabrokenleg.Themonkeysattractvisitorswithsheerstonefaces.Thenewsboywalkedhisbicycletothehouseofhisfirstcustomerwhowasburdenedwithnewspapers.454.Fragment

Iwon’tleavethehouse.UntilIhearfromyou.BecauseIamexhausted.Ihurriedbackhome.Charlesmakesyousmile.Whenyouaresad.Heboughtausedcar.Inspiteofmywarning.Wesatbacktowatchthemovie.Notexpectinganythingspecial.Tooursurprise,weclapped,cheered,andcriedforthenexttwohours.Beforearace,Ieatmanyfoods.Suchasbreadandspaghetti.Mysonkeepsseveralpetsinhisroom.Includingcatsandmice.465.Subject-Verbagreement

Theteacher,accompaniedbyherstudents,attendtheconference.EitherthePresidentortheMinistersiswrong.Thosewhowanttovisitthehistorymuseumareexpectedtosignhisnameonthispieceofpaper.476.ChinglishThepaceofourmodernlifeisgettingmorefasterandfaster.Howeverthespeedofacarismuchfasterthanthatofabicycle.Inthepastthepriceofmilkwassoexpensivethatmostfamiliescouldnotafford

it.Westudentsshouldstudy/learnasmuchknowledgeaspossiblesothatwecanbefullypreparedforthefuture.Knowingpotentialeffectofeatingfatmeat,peoplenowchoosetoeatthinmeat.Thelevelofpeople’slifehavebeenrapidlyimproved.48九、2013专八全真作文题分析PARTVIWRITING(45MIN)Isoursocietyhostiletogoodpeople?AccordingtoarecentsurveybyChinaYouthDaily，76.1percentoftherespondentssaythatourcurrentsocietyprovidesa“badenvironment"forgoodpeopledoinggoodthings．Ontheotherhand，themoreoptimisticwouldarguethateachindividualshouldtryhisorherbesttodogoodthingsandbenicetoothers,insteadofwaitingforthe"socialenvironment”toimprove．So，whatdoyouthink?Isasoundsocialenvironmentnecessaryforpeopletohavehighmoralstandardsandbegoodtoothers?Writeanessayofabout400wordsonthefollowingtopic：

IsaSoundSocialEnvironmentNecessaryforPeopletoBeGoodtoOthers?Inthefirstpartofyouressayyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails．Inthelastpartyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary．Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization，languageandappropriateness．Failuretofollowtheaboveinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks．WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEETFOUR．49IsaSoundSocialEnvironmentNecessaryforPeopletoBeGoodtoOthers?

HelpingothershasalwaysbeenavirtueintraditionalChineseculture,butnowadaysmany

peopledarenotofferhelptothoseinneed,forfearofgettingintotrouble.Theissuehasarousedpublicdebateovertheclimateofmoralityandcredibility,andmanypeoplesighoverthemoraldegeneration.Inmyopinion,whilesocialenvironmentisnecessaryforpeopletobegoodtoothers,eachindividualshouldtryhisorherbesttodogooddeedsandbesympatheticwithothers,insteadofwaitingfortheenvironmenttoimprove.

Thereisnodenyingthatsometragiceventsturnouttobetrapsbypeoplewithevilintentions,sopeoplearebecomingmorerisk-consciousandaremorewaryoftrapsanddeceits.somepeopleevenwo