2025年中国打击野生动植物非法贸易最佳实践报告-

1中国打击野生动植物非

法贸

易

最佳

实践TheBestPracticesinCombatingIllegalWildlifeTradeinChina2025WWF目录CONTENTS前言FOREWORD

04第一章

法律法规CHAPTER1LEGALANDREGULATORYFRAMEWORK06第二章

执法CHAPTER2LAWENFORCEMENT

08第三章

科技赋能CHAPTER3SCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYEMPOWERMENT15第四章国际合作CHAPTER4INTERNATIONALCOOPERATION

19第五章

公众教育CHAPTER5PUBLICEDUCATION

26第六章社会参与CHAPTER6

SOCIALPARTICIPATION

29第七章

案例研究CHAPTER7

CASESTUDIES38第八章挑战与展望CHAPTER8CHALLENGESANDPROSPECTS

49©

Martin

Harvey/WWF3打击野生动植物非法贸易，特别是国际贸易，是保护野生动植物的重要措施和国际合作的重要内容。中国成功保护藏羚（Pantholops

hodgsonii）、大熊猫（Ailuropoda

melano

leuca）和朱鹮（Nipponia

nippon）的实践表明，对一个物种的有效保护，必须坚持保护优先、源头治理，严格保护其栖息地，依法严厉打击盗猎和栖息地破坏行为；同时强化对非法贸易链条的打击，减少非法消费市场，构建“源头国-中转国-目的国”的全链条打非合作机制。《中国打击野生动植物非法贸易最佳实践》(以下简称《最佳实践》)凝练概括了中国政府、企业、社会组织在该领域的协同行动，系统总结可复制、可推广的中国经验，倡议世界各国携手强化野生动植物保护，打击野生动植物非法贸易，扩大交流合作，共同遏制全球生物多样性丧失和生态系统退化，共建人与自然和谐共生的美好未来。《最佳实践》由世界自然基金会(WWF)组织编写，国家林业和草原局野生动植物保护司、国家林业和草原局野生动物保护监测中心、国家林业和草原局国际合作交流中心、中国野生动物保护协会、打击网络野生动植物非法贸易全球互联网企业联盟和可持续旅行联盟成员企业、国际爱护动物基金会（IFAW），

野生救援（WildAid），国际野生生物保护学会（WCS），国际野生物贸易研究组织（TRAFFIC）等组织给予大力支持。采用的案例和数据由相关部门和机构提供，或来自新闻媒体报道。前言FOREWORD©GeorgeChan//WWF4THEBEST

PRACTICES

IN

COMBATING

ILLEGALWILDLIFETRADEIN

CHINAThe

Best

Practices

in

Combating

Illegal

Wildlife

Trade

in

China(hereinafterreferredtoastheBest

Practices)summarizesthecollaborativeactionsoftheChinesegovernment,enterprises,andcivilsociety

organizations

inthisfield.

ItsystematicallydistillsChina’s

replicableandscalableexperiences,

and

calls

onall

countries

to

work

together

to

strengthen

wildlife

protection,combat

illegal

wildlife

trade,enhance

communication

and

cooperation,and

jointly

curbglobal

biodiversity

lossandecosystemdegradation—towardasharedfuturewhere

humanityand

naturecoexistin

harmony.The

Best

Practices

wascompiled

bytheWorldWide

Fundfor

Nature(WWF),with

strong

support

from

the

Department

of

Wildlife

Protection,

NationalForestryandGrasslandAdministration(NFGA),Wildlife

Protection

Monitoring

Center,

National

ForestryandGrasslandAdministration(NFGA),

International

Cooperationand

ExchangeCenter,

National

ForestryandGrasslandAdministration(NFGA),theChinaWildlifeConservationAssociation(CWCA),membercompaniesoftheGlobalCoalitionto

EndWildlifeTraffickingOnlineandtheSustainableTravelAlliance,the

International

FundforAnimalWelfare

(IFAW),WildAid,theWildlifeConservationSociety

(WCS),andTRAFFIC.Thecasesanddata

presentedinthis

publicationwere

provided

bythe

relevantdepartmentsandorganizationsinvolvedorsourcedfrom

media

reports.Combating

illegal

trade

in

wildlife—particularly

international

wildlifetrafficking—is

notonlyacrucial

measurefor

protectingendangeredspeciesbutalsoa

keycomponentofglobalconservation

cooperation.

China’ssuccessfulconservationeffortsforspeciessuchastheTibetan

antelope(Pantholops

hodgsonii),thegiant

panda

(Ailuropodamelano

leuca),andthecrestedibis(Nippon

ia

nippon)demonstratethat

effectivespeciesprotection

requiresafocuson

bothsafeguarding

habitatsandaddressingthe

rootcausesofthreats.Thisincludesstrict

habitat

protectionand

rigorousenforcement

against

poaching

and

habitat

destruction.Concurrently,it

isvital

to

strengthen

actions

targeting

the

entire

illegal

wildlife

trade

chain,reduceillicit

marketdemand,andestablisha

comprehensive

“source–transit–destination”collaborative

framework

to

combat

wildlife

trafficking

across

allstagesofthetrade.©WWF5第一章

法律法规CHAPTER1LEGALANDREGULATORYFRAMEWORK1.1对野生动植物实行全方位法律保护Comprehensive

Legal

Protection

for

Wildlife中国政府坚持“保护优先、规范利用、严格监管”的基本原则，持续健全与野生动物保护相关的违法犯罪的防范与惩戒措施，形成了以《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》《中华人民共和国濒危野生动植物进出口管理条例》为主体，《中华人民共和国刑法》和其它相关法律为支撑，有关司法解释、部门规章和其它规范性文件为补充的野生动植物保护法律体系。在中国，野生动植物犯罪根据犯罪情节不同量刑不同，情节特别严重的处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚款以及没收非法标本、非法所得甚至个人财产。The

Chinese

government

upholds

the

core

principles

of“prioritizing

protection,

ensuring

regulated

utilization,

and

enforcing

strict

oversight.”It

has

consistently

strengthened

both

preventive

and

punitive

measures

to

combat

wildlife-

related

crimes.

Over

time,

China

has

developed

a

comprehensive

legal

framework,

centered

around

key

laws

such

as

the

Wildlife

Protection

Law

of

the

People’s

Republic

of

China,the

Regulations

on

the

Administration

of

theImport

and

Export

of

Endangered

Wild

Fauna

and

Flora,

andthe

Regulations

on

the

Protection

ofWildPlants.This

legalframework

is

further

reinforced

by

the

CriminalLaw

of

thePeople’sRepublic

of

China

and

other

relevant

legislation,

withjudicial

interpretations,departmental

regulations,andadditional

normativedocumentsserving

as

crucial

supplements.In

China,

penalties

for

wildlife-related

crimes

are

scaled

according

to

the

severity

ofthe

offense.

In

particularly

serious

cases,offenders

mayfacefixed-term

imprisonmentofover

ten

years,

or

even

life

imprisonment,

in

addition

to

fines

and

theconfiscationofillegalspecimens,

proceeds,and,

in

some

instances,

personal

property.中国野生动植物保护方面的法律法规Lawsand

Regulationsonthe

ProtectionofWild

Faunaand

Florain

China中华人民共和国濒危野生动植物进出口管理条例中华人民共和国野生植物保护条例中华人民共和国野生动物保护法中华人民共和国刑

法6THEBEST

PRACTICES

IN

COMBATING

ILLEGALWILDLIFETRADEIN

CHINA1.2普遍实施更为严格的管理措施ImplementationofStricterManagementMeasures中国政府建立了野生动物保护主管部门审批、CITES科学机构咨询评估、CITES管理机构核发证书、海关凭证查验放行、公安和海关打击走私的履行CITES体制；

实施比公约规定更为严厉的国内管理措施，将非原产中国的CITES附录I、II动物物种分别核准为中国国家一级、二级保护野生动物，对CITES附录II、III物种的进口也实行允许进口证明书管理制度；严格禁止出售、收购、运输、携带、邮寄、进出口犀牛和虎及其制品，全面停止商业性加工销售及进口象牙及其制品活动，全面禁止食用陆生野生动物，全面禁止以食用为目的的猎捕、交易和运输陆生野生动物和国家重点保护水生野生动物。The

Chinese

government

has

established

a

robust

system

for

implementing

the

Convention

on

International

Trade

in

Endangered

Species

of

Wild

Fauna

and

Flora

(CITES),

involving

multiple

authorities.

This

system

includes

approval

by

relevant

wildlife

conservation

departments,

scientific

assessments

and

advice

from

CITES

scientific

authorities,

certification

by

CITES

management

authorities,

customs

inspection

and

clearance

based

on

valid

documentation,

and

coordinatedanti-smugglingenforcement

by

publicsecurityand

customs

agencies.

China

enforces

domestic

regulations

thatareevenstricterthanthe

requirements

underthe

CITES

Convention.

Non-native

species

listed

in

CITESAppendices

I

and

II

are

classified

as

First

Class

andSecond

Class

Nationally

ProtectedWildAnimals,

respectively,

under

Chinese

law.

Forspecies

listed

inCITESAppendices

IIand

III,Chinaalso

implements

an

import

permitsystemto

regulate

imports.©Martin

Harvey/WWF72.1

建立完备的保护管理和执法队伍EstablishingaComprehensiveManagementandEnforcementSystemofWildlifeProtection中国政府建立起由林草、农业农村、市场监管、公安、海关、海警等部门组成的野生动植物保护管理与执法队伍体系，对野外动植物资源保护、人工繁育、市场经营、国内运输寄递、进出口贸易等实行全链条监管，全方位打击破坏野生动植物违法犯罪行为。县级以上人民政府动植物保护管理执法机构和队伍健全，上下贯通、横向连通，形成了网络。The

Chinese

government

has

established

an

integrated

system

of

wildlife

protection,

management,

and

law

enforcement,

coordinating

the

efforts

of

multiple

agencies,

including

the

departments

responsible

for

forestry

and

grassland,

agriculture

and

rural

affairs,

market

regulation,

public

security,

customs,

and

the

coast

guard.

This

interdepartmental

framework

ensures

comprehensive,

full-chain

supervision,

covering

the

protection

ofwild

species

in

their

natural

habitats,artificial

breeding,

marketoperations,domestictransportationand

delivery,

as

well

as

imports

and

exports.This

enables

coordinated,

all-encompassing

action

against

wildlife-related

crimes.

Wildlife

protection

and

law

enforcement

institutions

and

teams

have

been

established

and

strengthened

at

the

county

level

and

above,

creating

a

verticallycoordinatedand

horizontallyconnectedenforcement

networkacross

jurisdictions.中国野生动植物保护执法监督队伍体系China'senforcementandsupervisionsystemforwildlifeprotection市场监管部门MarketRegulationAuthorities第二章

执法CHAPTER2LAWENFORCEMENT公安部食品药品犯罪侦查局FoodandDrugCrimeInvestigationBureauoftheMinistryofPublicSecurity海关总署缉私局Anti-SmugglingBureau

of

the

GeneralAdministrationofCustoms国家市场监督管理总局State

Administration

forMarketRegulation国家林草局NationalForestryandGrasslandAdministration刑事执法机关CriminalLawEnforcementAgencies农业农村部MinistryofAgricultureandRuralAffairs8THEBEST

PRACTICES

IN

COMBATING

ILLEGALWILDLIFETRADEIN

CHINA行政主管部门Administrative

Authorities中国海警局

ChinaCoastGuard2016年，国务院办公厅批准建立了由国家林业和草原局牵头，农业农村部、外交部、公安部、交通运输部、海关总署、中央网信办等22个部门和单位参加的“打击野生动植物非法贸易部际联席会议制度”，当前已扩大至27个部门和单位。地方各级政府也陆续建立了相关联席会议制度。In

2016,

the

State

Council

of

China

approved

the

creation

of

anInter-Ministerial

Joint

Conference

System

to

Combat

Illegal

WildlifeTrade,

led

by

the

National

Forestry

and

GrasslandAdministration(NFGA).This

system

involves

22

departments

and

organizations,

including

the

Ministry

ofAgriculture

and

RuralAffairs,

the

Ministry

of

Foreign

Affairs,

the

Ministry

of

Public

Security,

the

Ministry

of

Transport,

the

General

Administration

of

Customs,

and

theCyberspace

Administration

of

China.

This

system

has

since

expanded

to

include27departments

and

organizations.

At

the

locallevel,

governments

at

various

administrative

tiers

have

gradually

established

similarjoint

conference

mechanisms

to

enhance

coordination

and

enforcement.In

2011,

China’s

CITES

Management

Authority

ledthee

stablishmentofthenational

Int

erdep

ar

tmentalCITESEnforc

ement

Coordination

Task

Force,

which

includes

relevant

divisions

fromnine

departments,

such

as

forestry

and

grassland,

agriculture,

customs,public

security,

culture

and

tourism,

marketregulation,

coast

guard,

and

postal

services.

By

2013,

all

31

provinces,

autonomous

regions,

and

municipalities

had

set

up

their

own

provincial-

level

interdepartmental

CITES

enforcement

coordination

task

forces.

This

national

task

force

was

recognized

for

its

successful

coordination

of

several

Cobras

international

operationsand

received

commendation

certificates

from

the

CITES

Secretariat

for

three

consecutive

years-2012,2013,and

2014.2011年，由国家濒管办牵头的国家“部门间CITES执法工作协调小组”成立，成员包括林草、农业、海关、公安、文旅、市场、海警、邮政等8个部门的相关业务司局。2013年全国31个省、自治区、直辖市也分别建立了省级部门间

CITES执法工作协调小组。该协调小组因成功组织开展眼镜蛇系列国际打击行动，于2012、2013、2014年连续三年获得CITES秘书长表彰证书。2012年前公约秘书长约翰•斯甘伦向前国家林业局副局长印红颁发表彰证In

2012,

the

former

CITES

Secretary-General

John

Scanlon

awarded

a

commendationcertificatetoYin

Hong,then

Deputy

Directoroftheformer

State

ForestryAdministration,in

recognitionofhercontributions2.2强化部门协调执法机制StrengtheningInteragencyCoordinationandEnforcementMechanisms9●

The

Chinese

government

has

established

a

five

-

tier

Forest

Chief

System

at

the

provincial,

municipal,county,

township,

and

village

levels.

Senior

officials

from

local

party

committees

and

governments

serve

as

Forest

Chiefs,

tasked

with

overseeing

the

protection

and

sustainable

development

offorests

andwildlife

resourceswithin

theirjurisdictions,

including

preventing

illegal

hunting

and

wildlife

trafficking.

As

ofJuly

2022,

nearly

1.2

million

Forest

Chiefs

have

been

appointed

across

all

administrative

levels

nationwide.●

The

Ecological

Forest

Ranger

System

has

beenimplemented

in

22

provinces,

autonomous

regions,and

municipalities,

primarily

in

central

and

western

China.

Ecological

Forest

Rangers

are

responsible

for

promoting

awareness

of

wildlife

protection

laws

and

regulations,

patrolling

forests,

wetlands,

and

areasaffected

by

desertification

within

their

management

zones,

and

preventing

or

reporting

illegal

hunting

andtheunauthorized

collection

of

wild

plants.

By

the

end

of2020,a

total

of

1.102

million

local

residents

had

been

appointedas

Ecological

Forest

Rangers,withthe

program

receivingacumulative

allocation

of20.1billion

RMB

in

funding.●

The

National

Forestry

and

Grassland

Administration,

in

collaboration

with

several

provincial

and

municipalgovernments,

has

established

reward

schemes

thatclearly

outline

the

scope

and

standards

for

reporting

wildlife-relatedcrimes.●

The

China

Wildlife

Conservation

Association

hasestablishedavolunteer

mechanismforwildlife

protection,

encouraging

volunteers

to

play

an

active

rolein

safeguardingwildspecies.●

In

2025,

the

Ministry

of

Public

Security

officiallyla

unc

hed

theNationalPlatfo

rmforReporting

Environmental,

Resource,

and

Food

&

Drug-Related

Crimes,enablingthe

publicto

promptlyand

legally

report

on

illegalwildlifetradeto

lawenforcementauthorities.●

中国政府构建了省、市、县、乡、村五级林长体系，明确由地方各级党委政府主要负责同志担任林长，负责保护发展本行政区域的森林和野生动植物资源，包括防范非法猎捕、交易野生动物活动的发生。截止2022年7月，全国共有各级林长近120万名。●在中西部22个省（自治区、直辖市）

实施“生态护林员”制度，

赋予生态护林员宣传野生动植物保护相关法律法规以及对管护区内森林、湿地、沙化土地等资源进行日常巡护并制止、报告所发现的乱捕滥猎野生动物、乱采滥挖野生植物等行为的职责。截至2020年底，累计选聘

110.2万当地居民担任生态护林员，累计安排生态护林员资金201亿元。●

国家林业和草原局及部分省市人民政府制订奖励办法，明确了举报涉野生动物犯罪行为的奖励范围和标准。●

中国野生动物保护协会建立保护野生动植物保护志愿者机制，鼓励志愿者在保护野生动植物方面发挥积极作用。●

2025年，公安部正式上线“全国环境资源和食品药品犯罪线索举报平台”，公众可通过该举报平台，依法及时向公安机关举报涉及非法野生动植物贸易犯罪线索。2.3

完善执法支撑EnhancingLawEnforcementSupport中国全面推行林长制、生态护林员制度、义务监督员制度和有奖举报制度Chinahascomprehensivelyimplementedthe

ForestChiefSystem,the

Ecological

Forest

RangerSystem,theVolunteerSupervisorSystem,anda

Reward-Based

ReportingSystem10THEBESTPRACTICESINCOMBATINGILLEGALWILDLIFETRADEINCHINA2.4开展专项打击行动ConductingTargetedEnforcementOperations在发挥各部门职能作用、强化日常监管基础上，各部门还联合开展了清风行动、网盾行动、昆仑行动、国门利剑行动、“护卫”和保护海洋生物专项行动等一系列的专项执法行动。强化部门协作、全面监管、打防结合等工作机制，多措并举、全链条打击，有效遏制了破坏野生动植物资源违法犯罪行为，加固野生动植物保护网络。Leveragingthe

functional

roles

ofvarious

departments

and

strengthening

routine

oversight,

a

series

ofspecialized

law

enforcement

operations

have

been

jointly

launched.These

include

Operation

Qingfeng,

OperationWangdun,

Operation

Kunlun,

Operation

NationalSword,

Operation

Guardian,

andtargeted

campaignsforthe

protection

of

marine

life.These

initiatives

have

enhanced

interdepartmental

collaboration,

comprehensive

supervision,

and

a

combined

enforcement-

prevention

approach.

By

implementing

a

range

of

measures

across

the

entire

trade

chain,

these

operations

have

successfully

curtailed

illegal

activities

detrimental

to

wildlife

and

plant

resources,

thereby

reinforcing

the

national

networkforwildlifeand

plant

protection.保护鸟类活动和专项打击行动BirdConservationand

Law

EnforcementOperation2025年，

国家林草局联合公安部等16部门在全国范围内开展为期三年的保护鸟类活动和专项打击行动，重点包括保护鸟类活动、专项打击行动和宣传教育三项任务。通过多部门协同作战，加强鸟类保护的监测，快速查处非法捕猎贩卖鸟类团伙，坚决打击张网捕鸟等乱捕滥猎和网下网上非法交易鸟类行为，实现野外巡护、销售、运输等多环节、全链条严格监管，形成全社会共同参与鸟类保护的良好氛围。In

2025,

NFGA,

in

collaboration

with

the

Ministry

of

Public

Security

and

16

other

departments,

will

launch

a

three-

year

nationwide

bird

conservation

and

law

enforcement

operation.This

initiativewill

focus

on

bird

protection

activities,

targeted

enforcement

actions,

and

public

education.

Through

coordinated

multi-agency

efforts,

the

operation

will

enhance

monitoring

of

bird

populations,

expedite

investigations

into

illegal

hunting

and

trafficking

networks,

and

take

decisive

action

against

illegal

bird

trapping,

poaching,

and

both

online

and

offline

wildlife

trafficking.

The

objective

is

to

enforce

strict

oversight

across

all

stages—field

patrols,

sales,

and

transportation—while

fostering

a

broad

societal

commitmentto

birdconservation.清风行动&网盾行动OperationQingfeng&OperationWangdun国家林草局联合农业农村部等10部门自2021年起每年开展“清风行动”，全链条打击整治破坏野生动植物资源违法犯罪；国家林草局联合中央网信办等7部门自2022年起每年开展“网盾行动”，重点打击网络非法交易。Since

2021,

the

NFGA,

in

cooperation

with

the

Ministry

ofAgriculture

and

Rural

Affairs

and10

other

departments,

has

annually

conducted

Operation

Qingfeng,

targeting

illegal

wildlife

and

plant

crimes

across

the

full

trade

chain.

Since

2022,

the

NFGA,

in

partnership

with

the

CyberspaceAdministration

of

China

and

seven

other

departments,

has

launchedOperationWangduneachyear,focusingoncurbing

illegal

onlinewildlife

trade.11昆仑行动OperationKunlun中国公安部门连续组织开展“昆仑行动”，先后侦破了四川雅安“12.3”（涉案川金丝猴

18只、小熊猫17只）、山东日照“6.20”（涉案鹦鹉螺2

件、虎斑宝贝

650

件）等一批大要案件，摧毁了一大批犯罪窝点、犯罪网络、犯罪团伙，依法严惩了一大

批犯罪分子。The

Ministry

of

Public

Security

has

carried

out

Operation

Kunlun

over

severalyears,

successfully

dismantling

major

wildlifecrime

networks.

Notable

cases

include

the

"12.3"

operation

in

Ya'an,

Sichuan

(involving

18Tibetan

macaques

and

17

redpandas),and

the"6.20"operation

in

Rizhao,Shandong

(involving2

specimens

of

nautilus

and

650tiger

cowrie

shells).Theseoperations

have

led

to

the

destruction

of

numerous

criminal

hideouts

and

networks

and

the

severe

prosecution

of

offenders.持续加大对海上非法猎捕、交易、走私濒危野生动植物违法犯罪行为打击力度Continuously

Intensified

EffortstoCombat

Illegal

Fishing,Trade,andSmugglingofEndangered

MarineSpecies中国海警局持续加大对海上非法猎捕、交易、走私濒危野生动物违法犯罪行为打击和监管力度。近些年来共查获危害珍贵、濒危野生动物案和走私珍贵动物制品案件60余起，抓获涉案人员350余人，查扣红珊瑚、砗磲等百余公斤。The

China

Coast

Guard

has

continuously

intensified

efforts

to

combat

illegal

fishing,

trade,

and

smuggling

of

endangered

marine

species.

In

recentyears,

over

60

cases

involving

endangered

marine

species

and

smuggled

animal

products

have

been

seized,

resulting

in

the

arrest

of

over

350

individuals

and

the

confiscation

of

more

than

100

kilogramsofredcoral,giant

clams,

and

othervaluable

marinewildlife

products.The

China

Customs

Anti-Smuggling

Department

has

launched

continuous“Guardian”SpecialOperationstargetingthesmugglingof

endangered

species

and

their

products,

including

ivory,

rhino

horn,

and

pangolin

scales.

These

coordinated

operations

have

led

to

the

dismantling

of

major

smuggling

rings,

such

as

those

involved

in

the

"7.5,"

"1.17,"

and

"Zhongcheng

1905"

cases

.

As

a

result

of

rigorous

enforcement,

the

volume

of

smuggled

endangered

species

has

dramatically

decreased,

from

a

peak

of

9.2tons

of

ivory

in2019to

just

over

100

kilograms

in

recent

years.

These

efforts

have

garneredwidespread

international

recognition,

with

Ms.

Joyce

Msuya,

Assistant

Secretary-General

of

the

United

Nations,

commending

China

for

setting

an

exemplary

global

standard.打击濒危物种走私“护卫”专项行动“Guardian”SpecialOperationsTargetingtheSmugglingofEndangeredSpeciesandTheirProducts中国海关缉私部门近年来连续发起打击濒危物种走私“护卫”专项行动，统一指挥开展多次针对象牙、犀牛角、穿山甲鳞片等濒危物种及其制品走私违法活动，先后破获“7.5”“1.17”“忠诚

1905”等走私大案。通过严厉打击，中国走私象牙等濒危物种案件大幅减少，从2019年最高峰的9.2吨下降到近年来的100多公斤，打击成果获得国际社会广泛认同，联合国助理秘书长乔伊斯女士盛赞“中国为全世界做出了榜样”。12THEBESTPRACTICESINCOMBATINGILLEGALWILDLIFETRADEINCHINA2.5

罚没物品处置DispositionofConfiscatedItems中国政府持续完善执法罚没野生动物及其制品处置相关配套制度，全力支持基层执法部门办理野生动植物案件。现阶段，对执法罚没野生动物及其制品以放归野外、返还原产国、收容救护活体、制品移交主管部门、调拨、保管封存、无害化处理等多种方式进行处置。The

Chinese

government

has

continuously

improved

the

supporting

systems

for

the

disposition

of

wildlife

specimens

and

productsconfiscatedthrough

lawenforcement,

providingfullsupportto

grassroots

enforcement

agencies

handling

such

cases.

Currently,

confiscatedwildlife

andtheir

products

are

managedthroughvarious

measures,

including

release

into

the

wild,

repatriation

to

the

country

of

origin,

rescue

and

rehabilitation

of

live

specimens,

transfer

of

products

to

competentauthorities,allocation,securestorage,and

safe

disposal.2014

年1

月6日，中国政府在广东省公开销毁6100

千克执法罚没的象牙。2014

年5

月15日，中国香港特别行政区政府公开销毁1000千克罚没象牙。2015年5月29

日，中国政府在北京公开销毁了660

千克罚没象牙。中国三次公开销毁非法象牙及其制品，表明中国政府坚决打击象牙非法贸易的决心和实际行动。On

6

January

2014,

the

Chinese

government

publicly

destroyed

6,100

kilograms

of

ivory

confiscated

through

law

enforcement

in

Guangdong

Province.

On

15

May2014,

the

Hong

Kong

Special

Administrative

Region

governmentpublicly

destroyed1,000kilogramsof

confiscated

ivory.

On

29

May

2015,

the

Chinese

government

publicly

destroyed

over

660

kilograms

of

confiscated

ivory

in

Beijing.

These

three

public

ivory

destructions

highlight

the

Chinese

government’s

firm

commitment

and

practical

actions

to

combat

the

illegal

ivorytrade.2014

年8

月18日，中国政府向巴基斯坦政府移交中国喀什海关同年6

月13日截获和罚没的204只走私黑池龟（Geoclemys

hamiltoni

）

，这是中国首次将活体濒危动物返还来源国。On

18August

2014,

the

Chinese

government

repatriated

204smuggled

blackpondturtles(Geoclemyshamiltoni)

—

confiscated

by

Kashgar

Customs

on

13June

ofthe

same

year—to

the

government

of

Pakistan.

This

marked

the

first

time

China

returned

live

endangered

animals

to

their

countryof

origin.2014年8月18

日，

中国海关向巴基斯坦野生动物保护组织移交查获的走私黑池龟On

18

August

2014,

Chinese

Customs

handed

over

the

confiscated

smuggled

black

pond

turtles

(Geo

cle

mys

hamiltoni)toawildlifeconservationorganizationin

Pakistan2014年1月，广东销毁象牙In

January

2014,

Guangdong

Province

publicly

destroyed

confiscatedivory13走私濒危物种平胸龟返还仪式现场，这是内地首次向香港返还走私濒危野生动物Atthe

repatriationceremonyforsmuggledChinese

pondturtles(Mauremysm

utica),

mainlandChina

returnedendangeredwildlifeto

Hong

KongSARforthefirsttime2.6司法鉴定与野生动物价值评估Forensic

Identification

and

Wildlife

Valuation中国已建立覆盖全国的司法鉴定机构。2017年和2019年，中国政府先后发布了《野生动物及其制品价值评估方法》和《水生野生动物及其制品价值评估办法》，确定了野生动物基准价值标准目录。司法机关根据涉案野生动物的价值定罪量刑。China

has

established

a

nationwide

network

of

forensic

identification

institutions.

In

2017

and

2019,

the

Chinese

government

issued

the

Methods

forValuation

ofWildlife

andTheir

Products

and

the

Methods

forValuation

ofAquatic

Wildlife

and

Their

Products,

respectively.

These

documents

set

standardized

reference

values

for

wildlife.

Judicial

authoritiesdeterminecriminalchargesandsentencing

based

onthe

assessed

value

ofthewildlife

involved

in

each

case.2025

年

2月

25

日，海关总署缉私局、国家濒管办、农业农村部渔业渔政管理局在珠海举行走私濒危物种平胸龟((Mauremysmutica)返还仪式，将拱北海关查获的

58只走私平胸龟返还香港渔农自然护理署。这是内地首次向香港特别行政区返还濒危野生动物。本次活动是内地与香港完善跨境野生动植物保护机制的重要实践，有利于进一步提升公众保护野生动物的意识，培育形成社会各界共同保护野生动物、合作打击走私活动的良好局面。On

25

February

2025,

the

Anti-Smuggling

Bureau

of

the

General

Administration

of

Customs,

the

National

CITES

ManagementAuthority,

andthe

Fisheries

and

FisheryAdministration

ofthe

Ministry

ofAgriculture

and

RuralAffairs

held

a

repatriation

ceremony

in

Zhuhai

for

58

smuggled

Chinese

pond

turtles

(Mauremys

m

utica)—confiscated

by

Gongbei

Customs—returning

them

to

the

Agriculture,

Fisheries

and

Conservation

Department

of

Hong

Kong.

This

marked

the

first

time

mainland

China

repatriated

endangered

wildlife

to

the

Hong

Kong

SpecialAdministrative

Region.

The

event

represents

a

significant

step

in

enhancing

cross-border

wildlife

protection

mechanisms

between

the

mainland

and

Hong

Kong,

raising

publicawarenessofwildlifeconservation,and

fostering

broad-based

cooperation

to

protect

wildlife

andcombatsmuggling.14THEBESTPRACTICESINCOMBATINGILLEGALWILDLIFETRADEINCHINA3.1

野生动物识别与监测AutomatedWildlifeIdentificationandMonitoring在野生动物识别方面，在三江源国家公园，北京林业大学携手清华大学、青海大学、北京图锐等机构，在青海省科技重点研发与转化计划的支持下，建立了全天侯实时监测、识别、预警智能系统。在通讯畅通的情境下，可在

10秒内完成藏棕熊的自动监测、识别及预警。应用清华大学自主知识产权的

HyperYolo识别模型，较国际通用的YoloV系列所需的数据更少及准确率更高。据2025年8月开展的统计，

HyperYolo对藏棕熊的识别准确率超过96%，在全球处于领先地位。通过识别