BCSciencefinalReviewBC省十年级科学省考复习

ChemistryReviewSummaryofTopics

Chapter4

AtomicTheory(原子学说)–whatareatomsmadeof?

NamesandFormulas(配平)forCompounds

Chemicalequations–balancingequationsSummaryofTopics

Chapter5

AcidsandBases

Salts

Organiccompounds有机化合物–alcohols醇类乙醇andhydrocarbons碳氢化合物SummaryofTopics

Chapter6

Typesofchemicalreactions化学反应的类型

Factorsaffectingchemicalreactionrates

影响化学变化的因素–whatmakeschemicalreactionsfasterorslower什么因素改变了反应速率SummaryofTopics

Chapter7

Atomictheory,isotopes,radioactivedecay

(Alpha,betaandgammaradiation)

Half–life

Nuclearreactions1.Whichofthefollowingareresponsibleforchemicalbonding?

A.electrons

B.neutrons

C.nuclei

D.protons

A)Whatiseverythingmadeof?Everythingonearthismadeofmatter物质.Matterisanythingthathasamassandtakesupspace.Matterismadeofatoms物质是由原子组成的.Atomsarebasic基本的buildingblocksofchemistry.MatterAllMatterMixture混合物PureSubstance纯净物Compound化合物Elements单质Whatisanatom?(Atextmessage.)----IonCharge-------------AtomicMassAtomicNumberQuestion22Question22(a)Whatistheaverageatomicmassofiron?

_______________________________(b)Howmanyprotonsareinthenucleusofanatomofiron?

_______________________________(c)Howmanyelectronsareinaniron(III)ion?

_______________________________55.82623BohrDiagramsEachorbitcanholduptoacertainnumberofelectrons.1storbit轨道

maximum最多

2electrons2ndorbit

max8electrons3rdorbit

max8electrons4thorbit

upto多于2electrons**Note:InScience10,weonlydrawBohrdiagramsforelements1-20!**21.Considerthefollowingdiagram,whichshowsacompoundcomposedofanatomof

hydrogenbondedtoanatomoffluorine氟.

(a)Whattypeofchemicalbondisillustratedbythisdiagram?

_______________________________

(b)Explainhowthiskindofbondforms.

______________________________________________________________Covalentbecausetheyarebothnon-metalsTheatomsshareelectrons.SodiumChlorideIonicBond–StealsElectrons!SodiumChlorideLewisIonicCompoundNamesNaCl=SodiumChlorideIonicCompoundNamesMagnesiumChloride=MgCl2Ihavetwoelectrostogetridof…Iwantonemore…So…Multivalent–FeF2Iron(II)FluoridePolyatomicIonicCompounds

多原子离子化合物23.Writethenamesofthefollowingioniccompounds.

(a)NaBr

_______________________________

(b)FeF2

_______________________________

(c)(NH4)3PO4

_______________________________SodiumBromideIron(II)FluorideAmmoniumPhosphate24.Writethenamesofthefollowingcovalentcompounds.

(a)N2S3

_______________________________(b)PCl5

_______________________________(c)XeF6

_______________________________DinitrogenTrisulfidePhosphorusPentaclorideXenonhexafluoride3.Considerthefollowingunbalancedchemicalequation:

Na+O2=Na2O

WhatisthecoefficientinfrontofNainthebalancedequation?

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.43.Considerthefollowingunbalancedchemicalequation:

Na+O2=Na2O

WhatisthecoefficientinfrontofNainthebalancedequation?

A.1

B.2

C.3

D.425.Balancethefollowingequations.

(a)Sn+O2=SnO

_______________________________(b)Li+H2O=LiOH+H2

_______________________________(c)C3H8+O2=CO2+H2O

_______________________________2Sn+O2=2SnO2Li+2H2O=2LiOH+H2

C3H8+5O2=3CO2+4H204.Whichofthefollowingisabase?

A.NaF

B.KOH

C.HCl

D.KNO34.Whichofthefollowingisabase?

A.NaF

B.KOH

C.HCl

D.KNO35.WhichofthefollowingcouldbetheproductofaneutralizationreactionbetweenNaOHand

HCl?

A.NaH

B.NaCl

C.O2

D.ClOH5.WhichofthefollowingcouldbetheproductofaneutralizationreactionbetweenNaOHand

HCl?

A.NaH

B.NaCl

C.O2

D.ClOHExamplesofthesixkindsofchemicalreactions:

1.Synthesis化合反应

2.Decomposition分解反应

3.Singlereplacement置换反应

Doublereplacement复分解反应

4.Neutralization(acid–base)中和反应

5.Combustion氧化反应|燃烧反应8.Whichofthefollowingwilldecreasetherateofachemicalreaction?

A.addingacatalyst催化剂

B.grindingachunkofreactingsolid

intosmallerpieces

C.loweringthetemperature

D.raisingthetemperature8.Whichofthefollowingwilldecreasetherateofachemicalreaction?

A.addingacatalyst

B.grindingachunkofreactingsolidintosmallerpieces

C.loweringthetemperature

D.raisingthetemperature9.Considerthefollowingequation:

Whattypeofnucleardecayisthis?

A.alpha

B.beta

C.gamma

D.fissionAlphaRadiationAlphaparticlesCharge2+NotmuchpowerBetaRadiationBetaparticlesCharge-1BlockedbymetalGammaRadiationHighEnergyRadiationNochargeBlockedonlybyleadandconcrete9.Considerthefollowingequation:

Whattypeofnucleardecayisthis?

A.alpha

B.beta

C.gamma

D.fissionOrganicCompoundsAlwayshave__________________CarbonWhatarethekindsoforganiccompoundsyoustudied?Hydrocarbons–onlycarbonandhydrogenAlcohols-Carbon,hydrogenandoxygenOooooo….propane!27.Differentamountsofshadingindicatethattwoelementsarepresentinthiscompound.The

lightershadedspheresrepresenttheelementhydrogen.

(a)Whatelementisrepresentedbythedarkshadedspheres?

_______________________________

b)Writethemolecularformulaforpropane.

_______________________________

(c)Writethestructuralformulaforpropane.

_______________________________Carbon

C3H8StructuralFormofPropane26.(a)Whatisanacid-baseindicator?

_______________________________

(b)Whatisthecolorofasolutionofbakingsodainmethylorangeindicator?

_______________________________(c)ApigmentthatchangescolorinacidandbasesYellowAcid/BaseindicatorsPhenolphthaleinindicatorisaddedtoacolorlesssolution.Thesolutionturnspinkafterthe

indicatorhasbeenadded.WhatcanyouconcludeaboutthepHofthesolution?

_