新视野大学英语第一册第四单元sectionA

TogetdeeperinsightsintotextTomakecreativeuseofEnglishTobebetteratwritinginEnglishOurAimsFurtherDevelopmentWritingModel&PracticeExtraction&ApplicationInteractiveReadingWarming-upActivitiesWarming-upActivities1Gettingfamiliarwithbackgroundinformation2Topic-centeredstudyofnewwordsandtheiruse3Videowatching&discussiononitTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.TheTucsonshootingwasreportedasanattempttoassassinate(暗杀)theUSRepresentativeGabrielleGiffords.OnJanuary8,2011,GiffordswasholdingameetinginaparkinglotinTucson,Arizona,theUnitedStates.JaredLeeLoughner,a23-year-oldman,shotGiffordsintheheadandthenfiredonotherpeople.Thirteenpeoplewereinjuredandsixotherswerekilledintheshooting.GiffordswasincriticalWordStudyVideoWatchingTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Jotter2011Tucsonshooting(1/3)conditionandwassenttohospitalimmediately.Sheeventuallysurvived.Loughnerwasarrestedatthescene.Butashedidnotcooperatewiththeauthorities,themotivefortheshootingremainsunclear.InAugust2012,Loughnerpleadedguiltyto19chargesinexchangeforthegovernmentnotseekingthedeathpenalty.Duringtheshooting,manypeoplebehavedWordStudyVideoWatchingTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Jotter2011Tucsonshooting(2/3)2011Tucsonshooting(3/3)bravelyandarenowhailedasheroes.TherewerethetwolovinghusbandswhothrewthemselvesinfrontoftheirwivestoshieldthemfromLoughner’sbulletsandoneofthemlosthislife.Therewastheyoungintern,DanielHernandez,whoranthroughthebulletstosaveGabrielleGiffords.Allthesepeoplehaveshownthatanordinarypersoncandoextraordinarydeeds.WordStudyVideoWatchingTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Jotter

SergeantRyanRussellhadservedwiththeTorontoMetropolitanPoliceServicefor11years.OnJanuary12,2011,hewasstruckandkilledbyastolensnowplowwhileattemptingtoarrestitsdriver.Theplowhadbeenstolenearlierinthemorningandwashittingvehiclesandcomingclosetohittingthoseonthestreet.AsSergeantRussellcamebehindthesnowplow,thedrivernoticedhispolicecarandWordStudyVideoWatchingTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterSergeantRyanRussell(1/2)chargedathim.Russelltriedtoshotgunstostoptheplow,butfailed.Theplowstruckhimanddraggedhimdowntheroad.Russelldiedatthescene.Thesnowplowdroveaway.Otherofficersshotandwoundedthesuspectashorttimelater.SergeantRusselldiedat35,leavingbehindhiswifeand2-year-oldson.WordStudyVideoWatchingTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterSergeantRyanRussell(2/2)SergeantRyanRussell(2/2)

NelsonMandela(1918–2013)wasthefirstblackpresidentofSouthAfrica,whowasinofficefrom1994to1999.Beforehebecamepresident,Mandelawasananti-apartheidactivist(种族隔离活动家)andtheleaderofthearmedwingoftheAfricanNationalCongress(非洲国民大会).In1962hewasarrestedandwassentencedtolifeimprisonmentin1964.Heserved27yearsinprison.OnFeb.WordStudyVideoWatchingTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterNelsonMandela(1/2)11,1990,theSouthAfricangovernmentunderPresidentF.W.deKlerkreleasedMandelafromprison.Shortlyafterhisrelease,MandelaledhispartyinnegotiationswithdeKlerktoendapartheidandbroughtaboutapeacefultransitiontononracialdemocracyinSouthAfrica.AspresidentofSouthAfrica,hetriedhisbesttofightpovertyandinequalityinSouthAfrica.Mandelareceivedthe1993NobelPeacePrize.WordStudyVideoWatchingTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterNelsonMandela(2/2)

McMahonistheCEOandfounderofSharetheRoadCyclingCoalition(道路共享单车联合会).EleanorMcMahon’shusbandGregStobbart,apoliceofficer,waskilledinacyclingaccidentin2006byadrunkdriver.Sinceherhusband’sdeath,Ms.McMahonhasbeenworkinghardtoadvocatelegislativechangeinOntario,CanadaandisleadingthedevelopmentofSharetheRoadCyclingCoalition.WordStudyVideoWatchingTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterEleanorMcMahonEleanor(1/1)

SharetheRoad(CyclingCoalition)isacyclingassociationcreatedtounitecyclingorganizationsfromacrossOntario,Canada.Itwaslaunchedin2008inmemoryofpoliceofficerGregStobbarttoadvocateroadsafety.Thecoalitionhasthreemainpurposes.First,itworkstopersuadethegovernmenttoputforwardbicycle-friendlypoliciesandlegislation.WordStudyVideoWatchingTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterSharetheRoad(1/2)

Indeed,withitsrelentlessefforts,thegovernmenthasestablishedGreg’sLaw.Second,itworkstohelpcommunitiestobecomemorebicycle-friendlybyimprovingroadconditionsandroadsafetyforbicyclists.Thirdly,itworkstoencouragethemediaandthegovernmenttotakecyclingasanimportantpartoftheeconomy,environmentandpublichealth.Iteducatescitizensontheimportanceofsafebicycling.WordStudyVideoWatchingTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterSharetheRoad(2/2)

Greg’sLawwasnamedinmemoryofOntariopoliceofficerGregStobbart,whowastragicallykilledwhileridinghisbike.ThedriverwhohitGregturnedouttohavehadhislicensesuspendedbeforetheaccident.SinceGreg’sdeathin2006,hiswidow,EleanorMcMahon,hasbeenworkinghardforroadsafety.WordStudyVideoWatchingTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterGreg’sLaw(1/2)Withherpersistentefforts,Greg’sLawwaspassedin2009aspartofRoadSafetyBill,Bill126oftheOntarioLegislature.ThelegislationtargetssuspendeddriversandrepeatoffendersandisnamedafterStobbart.Greg’sLawcameintoforceonDecember1,2010.WordStudyVideoWatchingTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterGreg’sLaw(2/2)受害者幸存者survivorvictim英雄品质英雄效应Topic?Heroes英雄人物HeroismHeroicEffects显著的非凡的同情博爱实现(v.)悲剧事件tragedy平民civilian作出反应(v.)respond保护(v.)shield调和(v.)reconcile建立(v.)establish拥护(v.)advocate法律权利authoritylegislationdistinctBackgroundVideoWatchingTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Jotter忠诚remarkablesympathyhumanitycommitmentfulfillHeroes融洽相处harmonyHemadeasmallbut___________improvementinourformerplan,whichIappreciatealot.Wepraythatallnationsbe___________andliveinpeace.Mydaughterwasafraidtoaskquestions,___________toquestions,ortalkwithotherchildreninclass.DirectedatApple’s_______________totheenvironmentalprotection,Apple’sdesktoplineuphasturnedouttobealeaderingreendesign.Forthewell-beingsofourpeople,thefirstrespondershaveservedwithhonorand___________,oftenriskingtheirlivesforthisgreatcause.commitmentreconcileheroismresponddistinctdistinctreconciledrespondcommitmentheroismBackgroundVideoWatchingTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterWeshouldalltrytolivein___________witheachotherinafriendlyeco-system.“Ibelieveitisrightto_________myfamilyfromthepublicspotlight”,saidthefamousfilmstar.Thesightofthedisastervictimstouchedherandfilledherwithawomanly__________.She___________herambitionofbecomingafashiondesignerafteryearsofhardwork.Asmusicplaysanimportantroleinourlife,manymusicteachersandeducators__________takingupamusicalinstrumentatayoungage.advocatesympathyharmonyshieldfulfillharmonyshieldsympathyhasfulfilledadvocateBackgroundVideoWatchingTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterWatchthevideoclipanddiscussthetopicsasfollows:VideoWatchingkeykeyTopicI:Howtodefineahero?TopicII:Howtobeaheroinreallife?clickhereBackgroundWordStudyTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterBackgroundWordStudyTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterAsheroismislargelyintheeyeofthebeholder,definingthewordherohasbeenasourceofcontroversyforcenturies.Sometimeswedescribepeoplewhohavedoneincredible,noticeablethingsinlifeasheroic,butmayoverseethosewhodosmallgreatactsinlife.Tomymind,thewordherocanbedefinedasfollowstoincludeallthosethatfitwithinthedescription.Heroessetalife-goalforthewell-beingofothersandworkfor

itforlife;TextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.BackgroundWordStudyJotterDiscussion—Howtodefineahero(1/2)Heroesaregoodatseeingthingsfromtheperspectiveofothers;Heroesarecompetentandconfident;Heroeshaveastrongmoralcompass;Heroeshavetherightskillsandtraining,beingalwaysreadytomakeadifference;Heroespersist,eveninthefaceoffear;Heroeskeepworkingontheirgoals,evenaftermultiplesetbacks;TextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.BackgroundWordStudyJotterDiscussion—Howtodefineahero(2/2)

Itseemsthatsuperheroesliveonlyincomicbooks,TVshowsandmovies,buttherearealreadymanyaveragepeoplewhodemonstrateheroismorundertakeselflessheroicacts.Terrificexamplesofsuchpeoplearebeyondlisting,suchasdedicatedpoliceofficers,paramedicsandfirefighterswhogoouteveryday,riskingtheirownlivestoshieldpeoplefromimminentdanger.Despitethatsometimeswemaynotdothesame,therearestillwayswecanbecomeaTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.BackgroundWordStudyJotterDiscussion—Howtobeaheroinreallife(1/3)heroorshowheroiccharacteristicsinreallife.Thefollowingtipsmightbeusefulforwhoeverwantstobeaherowhencircumstancescallonsomeonetoactheroically.

Determineifyoureallyareuptothetaskofchallenge.Itcanbeadangeroustaskbeingaheroandcanevenbelife-threateningaswell.Nevertrytobeaheromostlyforselfishreasons.Forinstance,nevertrytobeaherosimplyforpublicityorforimpulsivepassions;youwilldoitonlybecauseyoufeellikeit’stherightthingtodo;TextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.BackgroundWordStudyJotterDiscussion—Howtobeaheroinreallife(1/3)Beagoodexampletopeoplearoundyoubydoingtherightthing.Youmayhelppeopleupiftheyaretripped,orevenhelptreattheirwoundsorcallforanambulanceiftheyhurtthemselves;Knowyourlimitsandknowwhentoact.Askingforhelpisnothingtobeashamedof.Itwouldn’tmakeyoulooklessofahero.Evensometimestheonlyrightthingtodoistoaskforhelp;TextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.BackgroundWordStudyJotterDiscussion—Howtobeaheroinreallife(2/3)

Exerciseregularlyandmaintaingoodhealth.Agoodhealthisagoodguaranteeofyourheroicefforts,sincemaintaininggoodhealthhelpsyoubecomephysicallyfitandwillhelpimproveyourchanceofassistingpeoplemoreefficiently.Itmightbeevenbetterforyoutotakeupsomedefensiveclassormartialartsclass.TextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.BackgroundWordStudyJotterDiscussion—Howtobeaheroinreallife(3/3)TextAnalysisSummaryofTextWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Q.Ifyouaregoingtowriteanarticleonheroesinoursocietytoday,whatmodeofwritingwouldyouprefertoadopt?HeroesamongusSummaryWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterStatementIllustrationConclusionPartIStatement(Para.1—?)HeroesamongusSummaryWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterHisstatement:Thewordherohasbecomemorecommonandisusedtodescribeboththevictimsandsurvivorsofallkindsofdifficultiesandtragedies.PartIStatement

(Para.1)Whatstatementdoestheauthormakeashisstandpoint?Whatquestiondoestheauthorposetointroducediscussiononthestatement?Question:Whoaretheheroesamongus?PartIIIllustration(Para.2—?)Example1:DanielHernandezcourageouslyranthroughthedangerinamassshootingandsavedhisbossandfriend,GabrielleGiffords.(Para.2)Warming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Example2:InthemassshootingDoryStoddardsavedhiswifebyshieldingherfromthehailofbullets.Henotonlydiedahero,butalsolivedahero.(Para.3)Conclusion:BothDanielandDoryarecivilianheroesastheyactedinstinctivelywithcourageandgracewhensituationscalledonthem.(Para.4)SummaryJotterPartIIIllustration(Para.2—12)WhattypesofheroesareintroducedtorespondtothequestioninPara.1?Whattypesofheroesarealsomentionedtobeconsideredasheroes?(Para.5)SummaryWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterWhatexamplesoffirst-responderheroesareprovided?(Para.6)Firstresponderswhosedutyistorushtowardsdanger.Sgt.RyanRusselltriedtostopadrunkdriverinastolensnowplowwithonlyhispolicecarandhisgoodwilltohelpothers,buthewaskilled.Morethan11,000policeandotheremergencyrespondersmarchedsolemnlythroughthestreetstohonorhim.Whatwasthetraditionalportraitofheroeslike?(Para.7)SummaryWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Jotter“Itusedtobethatthewordherowas__________forthosewhoperformedactsofdistinctcouragebeyondthecallofduty.Asoldierwhorunsthroughgunfiretorescueothermilitary__________isseenasahero.Soare________________leaderssuchasNelsonMandela,whoemergedafter27yearsofjail,confinedinasolitarychamber.Hemadethechoicenottobebitter,andworkedhardasSouthAfrica’sfirstblackpresidenttoestablish__________andhelpedsociety__________itsconflictedpast.”[blankfilling]reservedpersonnellarger-than-lifeharmonyreconcileInteractiveReadingSummaryWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterWhatfurtherquestionisraisedinrespecttothefirst-responderheroes?(Para.9)Somefirstrespondersdonotsucceedinhelpingothersandtheygetinjuredordieintheirefforts.Dothesepeoplebecomeheroesbecauseofwhathappenstothemastheytrytohelpothers—insteadofwhattheyactuallymakehappen?No.Theyareaveragemenandwomen,asordinaryasus.Isthereanythingspecialaboutthefirst-responders?(Para.8)Ms.McMahon’slatehusband,apoliceofficer,waskilledinanoff-dutybicyclingaccident.Ms.McMahonfoundedacyclingassociationandcontributedtotheestablishmentofalawagainstdrunkdrivers.InteractiveReadingSummaryWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterWhatexampleisgiveninresponsetotheabovequestion?(Para.9)InteractiveReadingSummaryWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterDidMs.McMahonconsiderherhusbandahero?Why?(Para.11)Ms.McMahonbelievedherhusbandwasaheroandshestronglyargued:Whileit’snaturalforpeopletorushtowardsafetyandawayfromdanger,heroesrushtowarddangertohelpthoseinneed.InteractiveReadingSummaryWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterWhatconclusionisdrawninresponsetothequestionasinParagraph9?(Para.12)Weexpectfirstresponderstorushforward,especiallywhenweorourlovedonesareindanger.Sowhentheydiedoingthat,weshouldrecognizetheirheroicefforts.PartIIIConclusion(Para.13)PartIIIConclusion(Para.13)Howdoestheauthorconcludethewholetext?Theencouragingstoriesofbothcivilianandfirst-responderheroesshowthat“ordinarypeoplecando______________things,whetheritisinthe____________oftheirdutiesoraspartofeverydaylife”.Weshouldhonorthoseheroesby“recognizingtheir_________”and,moreimportantly,bychanging“the______________thatledtotheirdeath”.Byhonoringtheseheroes,“wecanbe_________bythem”.[blankfilling]InteractiveReadingSummaryWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterextraordinaryfulfillmentheroismcircumstancesinspiredWhoisaherothesedays?Inthepast,thewordherowasreservedforthosewhohaveperformed_________couragetohelpbeyondthecallofduty.Anexcellentexampleofsuchaheromaybefoundinasoldierwhorunsthroughgunfiretosavehismilitary_________fromdeathorinalarger-than-lifeleaderlikeNelsonMandelawho,after27-yearimprisonment,stillbelieveddeeplyinhiscommitmenttothe_________andreconciliationinhiscountry.

Today,thesamewordherohasbecomemorecommonandisappliedtoboththe________and__________ofvariousdistinctpersonnelharmonyTextAnalysisWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Jottervictimssurvivorsdifficultiesandtragedies.Average________

becomeheroesforhavingactedinstinctivelybeyondthecallofdutywithcourageand________inextraordinarycircumstances.Firstresponders,likefirefightersandpoliceofficers,arealsocountedasheroesdespitethattheyare_________theirduty.Werecognizethemnotbecauseofwhattheymakehappenbutbecauseoftheirremarkablespiritandloveof__________torushtowarddangertohelp.

Inspiredbyheroes,weshouldnotonlyhonorthem,butciviliansgracefulfillinghumanityTextAnalysisWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.Jotterstrivetochangethe____________thatmaycausetheirloss.Andmoreimportantly,weshouldtakealeafoutoftheirbookwhencircumstancescallonus.circumstancesTextAnalysisWarming-UpPar.WritingFurtherDev.Extr.&App.JotterWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Productive

PatternsLexical

Collocations

Asisknowntoallofus,ourpurposeoflearningEnglishistomakeeffectiveandcreativeuseofit.Butourlong-establishedhabitoflearningbyrote(死记硬背)

hasgotusnowhereinthisdirection.Totraceittoitssource(追根溯源),wehavefailedtoexplorethemechanismformakingcreativeuseofEnglish.

Ifyouwanttoridyourselfofit,here

ishow:AccordingtoModernCognitivePsychology(MCP,forshort),creativeuseofalanguageisbuiltontheprocessofconversionasfollows:Lexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.JotterNewDeclarativeKnowledge创新型陈述性知识ProceduralKnowledge程序性知识DeclarativeKnowledge陈述性知识Withproductivepatternsasitsconcreteattributes

Lexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Jotter

“...SergeantRyanRussell,a35-year-old‘goodmanandgoodcop’,whobelieveddeeplyinhiscommitmenttoprotectandserve”(Para.6,Text)isdeclarativeknowledge.Tomakeitpossibletousecreatively,however,wehavetoconvertitintoproceduralknowledgeasfollows:X

believesdeeplyinitscommitmentto(do)Y.;whereX

andY

arevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,while“do”standsforanyverbavailableinthegivencontext.[应用提示]表达责任意识ProductivepatternILexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.JotterContextIInthiscontext,X=“educators”,Y=“knowledge”and“people”,and“do”=“impart”aswellas“educate”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Lexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Jotter

教育工作者当坚守教书育人的信仰。ProductivePattern—Xbelievesdeeplyinitscommitmentto(do)Y.Educatorsoughttobelievedeeplyintheircommitmenttoimpartknowledgeandeducatepeople.ContextIIInthiscontext,X=“you(omitted)”;andY=“yourgoal”;havenothinginsurmountable.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Lexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Jotter精诚所至,金石为开。Believedeeplyinyourcommitmenttoyourgoalandyouwillhavenothinginsurmountable.ProductivePattern—Xbelievesdeeplyinitscommitmentto(do)Y.“Hetriedtostopadrunkdriverinastolensnowplowwithonlyhispoliceautomobileandhisgoodwilltohelpothers.”(Para.6,Text)Howtoconvertitintoaproductivepattern?ProductivepatternII

X

does

Ywith/through/by/fromonly/nothingbutZ.;whereX

,

YandZ

arevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext，while“does”standsforanyverbavailableinthegivencontext.[应用提示]对事物相关属性的认定Lexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.JotterLexical

CollocationsJotterContextIInthiscontext,X=“thefemalemountainvillagedoctor”,Y=“thelivesandhealthofpeoplethere”,Z=“herloveforthevillagersandhersuperbmedicalskills”,and“does”=“safeguards”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:Thefemalemountainvillagedoctorsafeguardsthelivesandhealthofthepeoplethereallherlifewithonlyherloveforthevillagersandhersuperbmedicalskills.Warming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.这名山村女医生仅凭着她对山民的爱与精湛医术一生守护山民的生命与健康。ProductivePattern—X

does

Ywith/through/by/fromonly/nothingbutZ.Inthiscontext,X=“we”,Y=“ahero”,Z=“his/hertemporaryperformance”and“does”=“judge…(from…)”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:ContextIIWecannotjudgeaherofromonlyhis/hertemporaryperformance.Lexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Jotter我们不应以一时的成败论英雄。ProductivePattern—X

does

Ywith/through/by/fromonly/nothingbutZ.

ProductivepatternIII“Hemadethechoicenottobebitter,andworkedhardasSouthAfrica’sfirstblackpresidenttoestablishharmonyandhelpedsocietyreconcileitsconflictedpast.”(Para.7,Text)

X

makesthechoicenottodo

Y,anddoes

Z.;whereX,

Y,andZ

arevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,while“do”and“does”standforanyverbsavailableinthegivencontext.[应用提示]阐述行为抉择Lexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.JotterInthiscontext,X=“he”,Y=“himself”,Z=“hisability”,“do”=“defend…(inwords)”,and“does”=“proved…(throughactions)”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:ContextIHemadethechoicenottodefendhimselfinwords,andprovedhisabilitythroughactions.Lexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.JotterProductivePattern—Xmakesthechoicenottodo

Y,anddoes

Z.他没有为自己辩解，而是用行动来证明自己的能力。Inthiscontext,X=“He”,Y=“trying”,Z=“it”,“do”=“giveup”,and“does”=“turned…(intothefuelofsuccess)”;infaceoffailure.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:ContextIIInfaceoffailure,hemadethechoicenottogiveuptrying,andturneditintothefuelofsuccess.Lexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Jotter面对失败，他选择不放弃努力，而且将其转化为成功的助推剂。ProductivePattern—Xmakesthechoicenottodo

Y,anddoes

Z.

“...,somepeopleraisethisquestionwhentheytrytomakesenseofatragedylikeSgt.Russell’s:‘...Dothesepeople…theyactuallymakehappen?’”(Para.9,Text)ProductivepatternIV

X

raisesthisquestionwhenX

triestomakesenseofY:“~?”;

where

X,andY

arevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext.[应用提示]阐述对事物的困惑Lexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.JotterInthiscontext,X=“thepublic”,andY=“somepeople’sundueindulgenceindrinkandfood”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:ContextIThepublicraisedthisquestionwhentheytriedtomakesenseofsomepeople’sundueindulgenceindrinkandfood:“Whatdoesonelivefor?”Lexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Jotter公众在试图理解一些人的暴饮暴食时，提出了这样的问题:“人为何而活着？”ProductivePattern—XraisesthisquestionwhenXtriestomakesenseofY:“~?”Inthiscontext,X=“people”,andY=“thetopachievers”;thesecretformulaforone’ssuccess.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:ContextIIPeopleraisethisquestionwhentheytrytomakesenseofthetopachievers:“Whatisthesecretformulafortheirsuccess?”Lexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Jotter人们在试图解读顶尖成就者时，提出这一问题:“他们成功的秘方是什么?”ProductivePattern—XraisesthisquestionwhenXtriestomakesenseofY:“~?”

“Wecountonfirstresponderstorushtowarddanger,....”(Para.12,Text)Howtoconvertitintoaproductivepattern?ProductivepatternV

X

countsonY

todo

Z.;whereX,

Y,andZ

arevariablesthatvaryfromcontexttocontext,while“do”standsforanyverbavailableinthegivencontext.[应用提示]表达一种期望Lexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.JotterInthiscontext,X=“we”,Y=“ourdiligenceandwisdom”,Z=“abetterlife”,and“do”=“create”.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:ContextIWecountonourdiligenceandwisdomtocreateabetterlife.Lexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Jotter我们期待以勤劳和智慧来创造更加美好的生活。ProductivePattern—XcountsonYtodo(Z).

Inthiscontext,X=“we”,Y=“ourparentsandteachers”,Z=“allthedecisions”,and“do”=“make”;learntobeindependent.Sothenewdeclarativeknowledgearisesasfollows:ContextIIWehavetolearntobeindependentincollege,aswecannotalwayscountonourparentsandteacherstomakeallthedecisionsforus.Lexical

CollocationsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Jotter大学里我们要学会独立,因为我们不能总指望父母和老师替我们决定一切。ProductivePattern—XcountsonYtodo(Z).

AsEnglishbelongstothekindoflanguagethathasitsmeaningclothedinitsform,sothefrequentcollocationofonewordwithanotheralsogoesalongwaytowardourmasteryofEnglish.Inthetextwehavereadover,forexample,thereareasmanyofsuchcollocationsaswesetourmindsonthem.Whichcollocationscanyoufindworthyofourattentionthen?Productive

PatternsWarming-UpTextReadingPar.WritingFurtherDev.Jotter12345678牺牲生命giveone’slife使……