2025全球城市绿色低碳透明度指数 2025 Global City Green and Low-Carbon Transparency Index

TableofContents

EXECUTIVESUMMARY 1

I.INTRODUCTION 5

II.EVALUATIONSYSTEM 5

(I)INDICATORFRAMEWORK 5

(2)DATASOURCES 7

(3)ALIGNMENTWITHSDGS 7

III.EVALUATIONSCOPEANDEVALUATIONRESULTS 9

(I)EVALUATIONSCOPE 9

(2)RESULTSOFTHEFIRSTEVALUATION 10

IV.EVALUATIONFINDINGS 12

V.ANALYSISBYDIMENSION 13

(1)ENVIRONMENTALDIMENSION:CHINESECITIESPERFORMSTRONGLY 13

1.AirQuality 13

2.Acous1cEnvironmentQuality 17

3.WaterQualityandWaterResources 21

4.SoilMonitoringandContaminatedSites 26

5.SolidWasteSta1s1cs 30

6.CorporateEnvironmentalRegula1on 32

7.PollutantEmissionsandTransfers 34

8.Automa1cMonitoringofPollu1onSources 35

(2)CLIMATEDIMENSION:CONTINUEDLEADERSHIPBYDEVELOPEDCITIES 38

1.ClimateRiskAssessment 38

2.Adapta1onAc1ons 40

3.TargetSeIng 42

4.Mi1ga1onAc1ons 43

5.EmissionsInventory 44

6.CorporateCarbonDisclosure 46

(3)ECOLOGICALDIMENSION:ANUNTAPPED“INFORMATIONBLUEOCEAN” 48

1.BaselineEcologicalInforma1on 49

2.RegionalHabitatandBiodiversityMonitoring 51

3.CorporateBiodiversityDisclosure 54

(4)TRANSITIONDEVELOPMENTDIMENSION:TRANSPARENCYFROMPLANNINGTOACTION 56

1.EnergyTransi1on 56

2.TransportTransi1on 58

3.CircularEconomy 60

VI.RECOMMENDATIONS 62

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2025GlobalCityGreenandLow-CarbonTransparencyIndex

Execu&veSummary

TheCGTIIndexisjointlydevelopedbytheChineseResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciences(CRAES)andtheIns@tuteofPublic&EnvironmentalAffairs(IPE).Itevaluatesci@es’monitoring,supervision,andinforma@ondisclosureperformanceacrossfourkeydimensions:environment,climate,ecology,andtransi@ondevelopment.

TheCGTIbuildsonaseriesofindicescoveringcitygreensynergy,pollu@onsourcemonitoring,airquality,waterquality,dual-carbongoals,greensupplychains,andcorporateclimateac@on.Itincorporatesdatafromgovernmentagencies,enterprises,researchins@tu@ons,andtheBlueMapDatabase,aimingtoiden@fybestprac@ces,facilitatepeerlearningamongci@es,andstrengthenecologicalandclimategovernancecapacityonaglobalscale.

Basedonthismethodology,CRAESandIPEconductedtheinauguralassessmentof30interna@onalandChineseci@esacrosssixcon@nents.Theevalua@onofHongKongSpecialAdministra@veRegionwascarriedoutincollabora@onwithFriendsoftheEarth(HongKong).

Theinauguralevalua@onresultsshowNewYork,London,andSydneyrankasthetopthreeglobalci@esingreenandlow-carbontransparency,followedcloselybyParis,Beijing,andHongKong.TheNewYorkStateCleanEnergyDashboard,LondonClimateRiskMap,Sydney’scircular-economy-basedurbanstrategy,Paris’suser-friendlyBleuClimat(ClimateBlueBook),Beijing’sofficialairqualityforecasts,andHongKong’ssolidwasteinforma@ondisclosurecollec@velyexemplifybestprac@cesintransparencyforgreenandlow-carbongovernanceinglobalci@es.

ThereportalsorevealsthatChineseci@eshavemadeleapfrogprogressindisclosingenvironmentalqualityandpollu@oncontroldata—reachinggloballyadvancedlevels—andhaveplayedavitalroleinimprovingChina’sairandwaterqualitysince2013,providingreplicableprac@cesforci@esacrosstheGlobalSouth.However,mostoftheevaluatedci@esworldwides@llfacecommonchallengesintrackingprogresstowardclimategoalsandindeepeningthedisclosureofecologicalbaselineinforma@on.

GreenTransparency:AKeyDriverforTransi4on

Thereportemphasizesthatsystema@cenvironmentalmonitoringandrobustinforma@ondisclosurearecrucialdriversthatenablebroaderpublicpar@cipa@on,strengthengovernanceeffec@veness,andaccelerateci@es’greenandlow-carbontransi@ons.TheCGTIquan@fiesurbantransparencyacrossfourweighted

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dimensions—Environment(35%),Climate(35%),Ecology(15%),andTransi@onDevelopment(15%)—coveringatotalof20specificindicators.

Asglobalclimateandenvironmentalgovernancefacegrowinguncertainty,city-levelac@onmaaersmorethanever.Theglobalgreenlow-carbontransi@onhas

reachedacri@calstageofimplementa@on—whereimprovingurbantransparencyisnotonlyaboutaccountability,butalsoaboutbuildingtrust,guidingmarketforces,andcatalyzinginnova@on.Throughcon@nuousevalua@on,benchmarking,and

dialogue,theCGTIaimstoaccelerategreenandlow-carbonprogressinci@esworldwide.

GlobalLandscape:ThreeDis4nctCityClusters

TheinauguralCGTIevalua@onshowsthatglobalcitygreenandlow-carbontransparencyexhibitsclearregionalanddevelopmentalpaaerns.

Developedeconomies—representedbyNewYork,London,Sydney,andParis—leadglobally,supportedbymaturelegalsystems,strongcivicengagement,anddeep-rootedenvironmentalawareness.High-incomeci@essuchasHongKongSAR,Tokyo,andStockholm,alsofallintothisgroup,excellinginsystema@cdatadisclosure,climateambi@onimplementa@on,andecologicalbaselinetransparency.

Chinesecityclusters—includingBeijing,Chongqing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Shenzhen,Guangzhou,Chengdu,Xi’an,andChangsha—standoutfortheirinnova@ve

environmentalmonitoringanddisclosureprac@ces.Overthepastdecade,drivenbylandmarkpoliciessuchasthe“AirTen”and“WaterTen”ac@onplansandtherapid

expansionofdigitalgovernance,Chineseci@eshaveachievedleapfrogprogressin

real-@mepollu@onsourcemonitoring,forecas@ngandearlywarning,regulatory

enforcement,andpublicdisclosure.TheseadvanceshavesignificantlycontributedtoChina’srapidimprovementsinenvironmentalquality.However,thereremainsroomforfurtherprogressinthedisclosureofclimate,ecological,andenterprise-level

hazardouspollutantdata.

GlobalSouthci@es—includingJakarta,Nairobi,andSãoPaulo—remaininthe

earlystages,withbothenvironmentalmonitoringandinforma@ondisclosures@llinneedofstrengthening.Manyoftheseci@esfacemul@plechallengesrelatedto

infrastructure,finance,andtechnicalcapacity.Whilesomehavebegunpublishing

climateac@onplansorairqualitydata,disclosureremainsfragmented,delayed,andincomplete,especiallyregardingcorporatepollu@oncontrolandclimate-related

informa@on.

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KeyFindings:Consensus,Gaps,andUntappedOpportuni4es

EnvironmentDimension:Airqualitydisclosurehasbecomeaglobalconsensus,yetmajorgapsremaininmanyGlobalSouthci@es.Thesystema@cdisclosureof

water,soil,andnoisedatacon@nuestobeacommonweakness.Ci@esinEuropeandNorthAmericahavedevelopedmorecomprehensivesystemsforenvironmental

monitoringandpollu@oninforma@ondisclosure,par@cularlyregardingtoxicand

hazardousemissions.Meanwhile,Chineseci@eshavepioneeredthelarge-scale,real-@medisclosureofpollu@onsourceautoma@cmonitoringdata,seinganimportantprecedentforglobalenvironmentaltransparency.

ClimateDimension:Ci@esintheGlobalSouthgenerallyscorelowerinregionalclimateinforma@ondisclosure.AlthoughmanyChineseci@eshaveannounced

carbonpeakingandcarbonneutralitytargetsandreleasedcorrespondingac@on

plans,akeygapcomparedwithci@esindevelopedeconomiesliesinthedisclosureofprogressandimplementa@on.ForGlobalSouthci@esbeyondChina,promo@ngenterprise-levelcarbondisclosureremainsoneofthegreatestchallenges.

EcologyDimension:Ecologicalinforma@onremainsan“informa@onblueocean”yettobetapped.Whilesomeci@esdisclosebaselineecologicaldata,fewpublishin-depthinforma@ononhabitatquality,biodiversitymonitoring,orthebiodiversity

impactsofenterprises—represen@ngacommonweaknessacrossmostci@esworldwide.

Transi4onDevelopmentDimension:Mostci@eshavesettransi@ontargetsforenergy,transport,andthecirculareconomy,yetfewsystema@callydiscloseannualprogressandmeasurableoutcomes.Thetransi@onfrom“targetmanagement”to“performancemanagement”remainsincomplete.

Ac4onRecommenda4ons:Synergy,Innova4on,Learning,andDeepening

Topromotejointeffortsamongmul@-stakeholderstobuildamoreopen,credible,andefficientcity-levelgreenandlow-carbongovernancesystem,thereportproposesfourac@onrecommenda@ons.

1.Coordinateeffortstocutcarbonemissions,reducepollu@on,expandgreendevelopment,andachievehigh-qualitygrowthinalignmentwithglobalsustainabilitygoals.Leveragetransparencytoenhancepolicysynergy,enablebroadmul@-stakeholderpar@cipa@on,andaccelerateajustandcomprehensivegreentransi@on.

2.Leveragesmart-cityapproachesandfron@ertechnologies—includingsatelliteremotesensing,theInternetofThings,andenvironmentalDNA—tobuildfull-

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spectrumintelligentenvironmentalmonitoringsystems,integratemul@-sourceenvironmentaldataflows,andestablishacloseddata-to-decisionloopthatsupportspreciseandadap@vegreenandlow-carbonurbandevelopment.

3.DeepenSouth–Southcoopera@onbysharingprovenurbanprac@cestohelpGlobalSouthci@esatsimilardevelopmentstagesacceleratepollu@onandcarbonreduc@onthroughenhancedmonitoringandinforma@ondisclosure.

4.Strengthenandstandardizecorporatedisclosureofclimate,environmental,andecologicalinforma@ontocatalyzegreentransforma@onacrossvaluechainsandbeaersupportci@esinachievinghigh-qualitydevelopment.

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I.Introduc&on

Againstthebackdropofincreasinglysevereglobalclimatechangeandecologicalandenvironmentalchallenges,theroleofci@eshasbecomeevermorecri@cal.Ascentersofpopula@on,economicac@vity,andsociallife,ci@esareboththemainsourcesofresourceconsump@onandpollu@onemissionsandthefrontlinesofgreeninnova@onandlow-carbontransi@on.Advancinggreenandlow-carbonurbandevelopmenthasbecomeaglobalconsensus.Transparency—thatis,thesystema@c,standardized,anduser-friendlypublicdisclosureofEcology,environment,andclimate-relatedinforma@on—isthecoreleveragepointfordrivingthistransi@on.

Basedonthetheoryofchangeof“Informa@onDisclosure–PublicOversight–PolicyOp@miza@on–Con@nuousImprovement,”theChineseResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciencesandtheIns@tuteofPublic&EnvironmentalAffairs(IPE)jointlydevelopedtheCityGreenandLowCarbonTransparencyIndex(CGTI).Theindexaimstoconstructascien@fic,mul@-dimensionalevalua@onframeworktoconductasystemicassessmentofci@esworldwideintermsoftheirregulatorycapacityandinforma@ondisclosureacrossfourkeydimensions:environment,climate,ecology,andtransi@ondevelopment.Theevalua@onofHongKongundertheindexwascarriedoutincoopera@onwithFriendsoftheEarth(HK).Itsobjec@veisnotonlytoproducerankings,butalsotoiden@fygoodprac@cesworldwideandbuildaplamormformutuallearningamongci@es,therebyjointlyenhancingthecapacityandefficiencyofecologicalandenvironmentalgovernanceandthegreenandlow-carbontransi@on.

DrawingontheresultsofthefirstCGTIevalua@on,thisreportconductsanin-depthanalysisofthetransparencyperformanceof30ci@esacrosssixcon@nents(20interna@onalci@esand10Chineseci@es),summarizesoveralltrends,examinesstrengthsandweaknesses,andprovidesstrategicrecommenda@onsforenhancingci@es’greenandlow-carbontransparencyinthefuture.

II.Evalua&onSystem

(I)IndicatorFramework

Theconstruc@onoftheCGTIIndexisbasedonmul@plevalidatedindexevalua@onsystems,includingtheUrbanGreenCo-construc@onIndex,thePollu@onInforma@onTransparencyIndex(PITI),theAirQualityInforma@onTransparencyIndex(AQTI),theWaterQualityInforma@onTransparencyIndex(WQTI),theCityCarbonPeak&CarbonNeutralityIndex(CCNI),andtheCorporateInforma@onTransparencyIndex(CITI),amongothers.

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Thisindicatorsystemcomprisesfourprimaryindicatorsinthedimensionsofenvironment,climate,ecology,andtransi@ondevelopment;sevensecondaryindicators,includingEnvironmentalqualityinforma@ondisclosure,regionalclimateinforma@ondisclosure,andregionalecologicalqualityinforma@ondisclosure;and20ter@aryindicators,suchasairenvironmentalquality,carbonneutrality/emissionreduc@ontargets,andbaselineecologicalinforma@on.Thedecision-makerweigh@ngmethodisusedtoassigncorrespondingweightstoindicatorsateachlevel.Fordetailsoftheindicatorframework,see

Table

。

Table1CGTIIndexIndicatorFramework

Primaryindicators

Secondary

indicators

Tertiaryindicators

Environment

Environmentalquality

informationdisclosure

•

•

•

•

•

Informationdisclosureonair

environmentalquality,airquality

forecastingandearlywarning,and

pollutioncontrolplanningtargets

Informationdisclosureonacoustic

environmentqualityandpollutioncontrolplanningtargets

Informationdisclosureonwater

environmentalquality,waterresources,

andpollutioncontrolplanningtargets

Informationdisclosureonsoilquality,

contaminatedsites,pollutioncontrol

planningtargets,andsolidwastestatisticsInformationdisclosureonwaste

managementandpollutioncontrolplanningtargets

35%

•

Informationdisclosureonpollutionsource

Information

monitoringandregulation

disclosureon

•

Informationdisclosureonpollutant

pollution

emissionsandtoxicandhazardous

preventionand

substances

control

•

Informationdisclosureonautomaticmonitoringofpollutionsources

Climate

35%

Information

disclosureonregional

climate

•

•

•

•

•

Informationdisclosureonclimateriskandvulnerabilityassessments

Informationdisclosureonclimate

adaptationactionplansandpathways

Informationdisclosureoncarbon

neutralityandemissionsreductiontargetsInformationdisclosureonplansand

pathwaysforachievingcarbonneutralityandemissionsreductiontargets

Informationdisclosureonthegreenhousegasemissionsinventory

Disclosureofcorporate

carbon

•

Informationdisclosureonclimate-relatedinformationofmajorenterprises

2025GlobalCityGreenandLow-CarbonTransparencyIndex

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emissions

information

Ecology

15%

Information

disclosureonregional

ecologicalquality

•

•

Informationdisclosureonbaselineecologicalinformation

Informationdisclosureonregionalhabitatandbiodiversitymonitoring

Disclosureof

corporate

biodiversityinformation

•

Informationdisclosureonnature-relatedinformationofmajorenterprises

TransitionDevelopment

15%

Information

disclosureonregional

transition

•

•

Informationdisclosureonenergy

transitiontargetsandprogress

Informationdisclosureontransporttransitiontargetsandprogress

development

•

Informationdisclosureoncircular

economy-relatedtargetsandprogress

(2)DataSources

Theprimarysourcesofevalua@oninforma@onincludeofficialreleases(governmentwebsitesandopendataplamorms),corporateself-disclosure(ESGreportsandsustainabilityreports),publica@onsbyresearchins@tu@ons,publicdatacrowdsourcing,andtheBlueMapGlobalDataPlamorm.

(3)AlignmentwithSDGs

TheUnitedNa@onsSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)cons@tuteaglobalcalltoac@on.Rangingfromtheeradica@onofpovertytoensuringaccesstocleanwaterandsustainableenergy,theSDGssetoutaseriesofinterconnectedgoalsaimedatpromo@ngpeace,prosperity,andresponsibleenvironmentalstewardship.Withlessthan5yearsremainingun@lthe2030deadlineforachievingtheSDGs,theurgencyofaddressingtheseglobalchallengesisunprecedented,andci@esareattheforefrontofthiseffort.Ci@esdrivetransforma@on,innova@on,andcoopera@on,andtheirroleinadvancingthesustainabledevelopmentagendaisindispensable.ThefourdimensionsoftheCGTIareeachlinkedtospecificSDGs,underscoringthecloseconnec@onbetweencityperformanceandglobaldevelopment.Inrespondingtourgentglobalchallenges,ci@esmustfurtheracceleratethepaceoftransi@on.Regardlessoftheirstageinthesustainabledevelopmentprocess,everycitymustredoubleitseffortstomaketheSDGsareality.

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Table2CGTIandtheSDGs

Primary

Indicators

SustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)

Environment

Climate

Ecology

Development

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III.Evalua&onScopeandEvalua&onResults

(I)Evalua?onScope

BasedontheframeworkandassessmentmethodologyoftheCityGreenandLowCarbonTransparencyIndex(CGTI),theChineseResearchAcademyofEnvironmentalSciencesandtheIns@tuteofPublic&EnvironmentalAffairs(IPE)jointlyconductedthefirstroundofevalua@ons,selec@ng30representa@veci@esworldwideforassessment.Amongthe30ci@es,19areinAsia(including10ci@esinmainlandChina),2inAfrica,1inNorthAmerica,3inSouthAmerica,1inOceania,and4inEurope.1

Figure1Distribu>onmapofthe30ci>esinthefirstCGTIevalua>on

1Mainlycapitalcitiesorthemostrepresentativecitiesworldwide.TheindexevaluationforHongKongwascarriedoutincollaborationwithFriendsoftheEarth(HongKong).

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(2)Resultsofthefirstevalua?on

Ranking

City

Totalscore

Environment

Climate

Ecology

Development

1

NewYork

83.1

85.1

91.7

83.3

58.3

2

London

82.0

71.3

91.7

83.3

83.3

3

Sydney

80.2

63.1

91.7

73.3

100.0

4

Paris

74.3

60.0

91.7

83.3

58.3

5

Beijing

73.6

80.0

62.5

66.7

91.7

6

HongKong

72.5

52.5

83.3

83.3

83.3

7

Tokyo

71.0

58.8

83.3

75.0

66.7

8

Chongqing

70.8

88.1

54.2

56.7

83.3

9

Tianjin

68.9

86.9

45.8

66.7

83.3

10

Shanghai

67.6

78.1

54.2

66.7

75.0

11

Stockholm

66.2

60.0

79.2

83.3

33.3

12

Shenzhen

63.6

79.4

41.7

66.7

75.0

13

Guangzhou

62.8

79.4

45.8

60.0

66.7

14

Chengdu

62.2

81.9

41.7

60.0

66.7

15

Seoul

60.52

68.8

54.2

83.3

33.3

16

Xi'an

60.51

88.1

33.3

53.3

66.7

11

Ranking

City

Totalscore

Environment

Climate

Ecology

Development

17

Changsha

60.0

88.1

37.5

56.7

50.0

18

Singapore

57.3

30.0

70.8

63.3

83.3

19

Bangkok

51.0

48.8

58.3

48.3

41.7

20

NewDelhi

49.8

63.8

25.0

91.7

33.3

21

Budapest

48.0

37.5

62.5

53.3

33.3

22

Johannesburg

47.3

27.5

54.2

83.3

41.7

23

San@ago

43.7

61.3

25.0

65.0

25.0

24

Jakarta

39.8

40.0

41.7

41.7

33.3

25

SãoPaulo

39.6

29.4

45.8

63.3

25.0

26

Lima

33.6

43.8

16.7

66.7

16.7

27

Dubai

33.5

20.0

45.8

20.0

50.0

28

Nairobi

28.2

12.5

41.7

28.3

33.3

29

Kathmandu

23.2

16.3

20.8

43.3

25.0

30

Almaty

22.3

20.0

16.7

13.3

50.0

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IV.Evalua&onFindings

TheinauguralCGTIevalua@onresultsindicatethatglobalci@es’greenandlow-carbontransparencyexhibitsdis@nctregionalcharacteris@cs.

1.First-moveradvantage:Ci4esintheGlobalNorthareleading,drawingon

comprehensiveregulatoryframeworksandwell-establishedmonitoringinfrastructures.

High-incomeci@esindevelopedeconomiesrepresentedbyNewYork,London,Sydney,andParisexhibitoutstandingperformanceacrossalldimensionsoftheCityGreenandLowCarbonTransparencyIndex(CGTI)andareattheforefrontglobally.Theseci@esgenerallypossessasoundrule-of-lawfounda@on,amaturecivilsociety,andalong-standingaccumula@onofenvironmentalawareness.TheHongKongSpecialAdministra4veRegionofChina,Tokyo,Stockholm,aswellasotherhigh-incomeci@esworldwide,alsobroadlyfallintothiscategory.Theyhaveestablishedhighstandardsofgoodprac@ceinthesystemicreleaseofenvironmentaldata,theplanningandimplementa@onofclimateambi@on,andthedevelopmentofbaselineecologicalinforma@on.

2.Arisingforce:MainlandChineseci4esarerapidlyexpandingenvironmentalmonitoringdisclosureanddevelopinginnova4veprac4ces.

ChinesecityclustersrepresentedbyBeijing,Chongqing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Shenzhen,Guangzhou,Chengdu,Xi'an,andChangshahaveachievedbreakthroughprogressininforma@ondisclosure.Overthepastdecade,Chineseci@es,drivenbypowerfulpoliciessuchasthe“AirPollu@onPreven@onandControlAc@onPlan”andthe“WaterPollu@onPreven@onandControlAc@onPlan”andbytherapidenhancementofdigitalgovernancecapacity,havemadeleapfrogimprovementsintheEnvironmentaldimension,par@cularlyintheinforma@ondisclosureofairquality,forecas@ngandearly-warning,enterprisesupervisionandenforcement,andautoma@cmonitoringdataonpollu@onsources,withsomeindicatorsreachingorsurpassingadvancedinterna@onallevels.However,intermsofthedepthandbreadthofinforma@ondisclosureonclimate,ecology,andcorporatepollutantsandtoxicandhazardoussubstances,gapss@llexistcomparedwithfrontrunnerci@es.

3.Urgentneedforexpansion:Informa4ondisclosureinanumberof

developingci4esinAsia,Africa,andLa4nAmericaremainsatanini4alstage

Manydevelopingci@esinAsia,Africa,andLa@nAmerica,includingJakarta,Nairobi,andSãoPauloamongothers,havearela@velylowoveralllevelof

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transparency.Theseci@esowenfacemul@plechallengesrelatedtoinfrastructuredevelopment,financing,andtechnicalcapacity.Althoughsomeci@eshavebeguntopublishclimateac@onplansorairqualitydata,thesystemicnature,@meliness,integrity,andgranularityofinforma@ondisclosures@llhaveconsiderablescopeforimprovement,par@cularlywithrespecttoinforma@ononenterprisepollu@oncontrolandclimate-relatedinforma@on.

V.AnalysisbyDimension

(1)Environmentaldimension:Chineseci?esperformstrongly

Environmentalinforma@on,especiallydataonthefourmajoraspectsofenvironmentalquality—water,air,noise,andsoil—aswellasinforma@ononpollu@onpreven@onandcontrol,isdirectlyrelatedtopublicsafetyandhealthandwell-being.The@melyandcomprehensivedisclosureofsuchinforma@onisnotonlya“mandatoryresponsibility”forsafeguardingpublicrightsandinterests,protec@ngtheecologicalenvironment,andpromo@ngsustainabledevelopment,butalsoacri@calinforma@onbridgeforbuildingtrustandcoopera@onamonggovernment,enterprises,andthepublic.

Theevalua@onresultsindicatethatChineseci@esrepresentedbyBeijing,Chongqing,Tianjin,Shanghai,andShenzhenperformprominentlyinenvironmentalinforma@ondisclosure.TheevaluatedChineseci@esnotonlycomplywithna@onalnormstodiscloseinforma@ononair,waterquality,noise,andenterpriseenvironmentalregula@on,butalsocarryoutenvironmentalinforma@ondisclosureandpublicengagementthroughmobileapps,mini-programs,andsocialmediachannels.Theirscoresintheenvironmentaldimensionaregenerallydistributedbetween78%and88%.Incontrast,AsianandAfricanci@essuchasJohannesburg,Dubai,Almaty,Kathmandu,andNairobiperformrela@velypoorlyinenvironmental-dimensioninforma@ondisclosure,asinforma@ononwater,soil,noise,andpollu@onpreven@onandcontrolhasnotyetbeendisclosedinasystemicmanner.

1.AirQuality

InMay2025,duringthe78thWorldHealthAssembly,WHOMemberStatesadoptedtheRoadmapforStrengtheningGlobalAc@ontoAddresstheAdverseHealthEffectsofAirPollu@on(2025–2030),whichsetsthetargetthat“by2040,inallcountries,thepropor@onofdeathsaaributabletoanthropogenicsourcesofairpollu@onwillbereducedby50%comparedwiththe2015baseline.”TheRoadmapproposesto“developorreviseairqualitystandardstoalignthemwiththeWHOAir

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QualityGuidelinesandinterimtargetsatthena@onalandcitylevels,”andunderscoresthatestablishing,upda@ng,and/orexpandingairqualitymonitoringnetworks,toensurerou@neandofficialdatacollec@ononairpollu@onlevelsformonitoringhealthimpacts,isacri@calmeasureforassessingprogress.2

Theevalua@onresultsindicatethatamongtheci@esincludedintheassessment,withtheexcep@onofNairobi,Kenya,allhaveestablishedofficialairqualitymonitoringsystems.Inaddi@ontodeployingconven@onalautoma@cairqualitymonitoringsta@ons,theseci@eshavealsoexpandedtheuseofdiversetechnologicalapproaches—suchasmicro-sensors,vehicle-mountedlidar,satelliteremotesensing,andunmannedaerialvehicles—inthefieldofEnvironmentalmonitoring.Inpar@cular,themonitoringresultsfromconven@onalautoma@cairqualitymonitoringsta@onshavealreadybeenmadefully,promptly,andcomprehensivelyavailabletothepublic.Someci@eshavefurtherdisclosedtothepublicairqualitymonitoringinforma@ongeneratedthroughsmall-scalemonitoringdevices.Forexample,JinaninChinanotonlydisclosesinreal@methemonitoringresultsfrom2,000airqualitymicro-sta@onsacrossthecity(includingfixedsta@onsandmobiledrive-bymonitoringmicro-sta@onsinstalledontaxis),butalsousesgeographicinforma@onsystem-basedvisualiza@ontoolstopresenttothepublicanintui@vepictureofthecity’sfine-grainedairqualitystatusanditstrendsover@me.

Againstthebackdropofairqualityinforma@ondisclosurehavingbecomeaglobalconsensus,theaveragescorerateforthe“EnvironmentalAirQualityInforma@onDisclosure”indicatoramongthe30globallyevaluatedci@esis82.5%,makingitamajorareaofrela@vestrengthformostassessedci@es.Londonachievedafullscoreonthisindicator,whileChineseci@es,benefi@ngfromrela@velyuniformformatsofinforma@onrelease,havescoreratesforthisindicatorconcentratedbetween80%and100%.

Itisnoteworthythatsomeci@eslostpointsonthisindicatormainlyduetoshortcomingsinthedisclosureofairqualityforecas@ngande