力学通类名词

力学通类名词力学mechanics牛顿力学Newtonianmechanics经典力学classicalmechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopicmechanics,macromechanics细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopicmechanics,micromechanics一般力学generalmechanics固体力学solidmechanics流体力学fluidmechanics理论力学theoreticalmechanics应用力学appliedmechanics工程力学engineeringmechanics实验力学experimentalmechanics计算力学computationalmechanics理性力学rationalmechanics物理力学physicalmechanics地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点pointofaction作用线lineofaction力系systemofforces力系的简化reductionofforcesystem等效力系equivalentforcesystem刚体rigidbody力的可传性transmissibilityofforce平行四边形定则parallelogramrule力三角形forcetriangle力多边形forcepolygon零力系null-forcesystem平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibriumofforces平衡条件equilibriumcondition平衡位置equilibriumposition平衡态equilibriumstate分析力学analyticalmechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrangemultiplier拉格朗日[量]Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrangebracket循环坐标cycliccoordinate循环积分cyclicintegral哈密顿[量]Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonianfunction正则方程canonicalequation正则摄动canonicalperturbation正则变换canonicaltransformation正则变量canonicalvariable哈密顿原理Hamiltonprinciple作用量积分actionintegral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobiequation作用--角度变量action-anglevariables阿佩尔方程Appellequation劳斯方程Routhequation拉格朗日函数Lagrangianfunction诺特定理Noethertheorem泊松括号poissonbracket边界积分法boundaryintegralmethod并矢dyad运动稳定性stabilityofmotion轨道稳定性orbitalstability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunovfunction渐近稳定性asymptoticstability结构稳定性structuralstability久期不稳定性secularinstability弗洛凯定理Floquettheorem倾覆力矩capsizingmoment自由振动freevibration固有振动naturalvibration暂态transientstate环境振动ambientvibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulombdamping同相分量in-phasecomponent非同相分量out-of-phasecomponent超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametricvibration模糊振动fuzzyvibration临界转速criticalspeedofrotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peakwidth集总参量系统lumpedparametersystem相平面法phaseplanemethod相轨迹phasetrajectory等倾线法isoclinemethod跳跃现象jumpphenomenon负阻尼negativedamping达芬方程Duffingequation希尔方程HillequationKBM方法KBMmethod,Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skiimethod马蒂厄方程Mathieuequation平均法averagingmethod组合音调combinationtone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipativefunction硬激励hardexcitation硬弹簧hardspring,hardeningspring谐波平衡法harmonicbalancemethod久期项secularterm自激振动self-excitedvibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧softspring,softeningspring软激励softexcitation邓克利公式Dunkerleyformula瑞利定理Rayleightheorem分布参量系统distributedparametersystem优势频率dominantfrequency模态分析modalanalysis固有模态naturalmodeofvibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程vanderpolequation频谱frequencyspectrum基频fundamentalfrequencyWKB方法WKBmethod,Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouinmethod缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolianvibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedancematching机械导纳mechanicaladmittance机械效率mechanicalefficiency机械阻抗mechanicalimpedance随机振动stochasticvibration,randomvibration隔振vibrationisolation减振vibrationreduction应力过冲stressovershoot喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoidmotion起伏振荡phugoidoscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopictorque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertialguidance姿态角attitudeangle方位角azimuthalangle舒勒周期Schulerperiod机器人动力学robotdynamics多体系统multibodysystem多刚体系统multi-rigid-bodysystem机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kanemethod转子[系统]动力学rotordynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundationsystem静平衡staticbalancing动平衡dynamicbalancing静不平衡staticunbalance动不平衡dynamicunbalance现场平衡fieldbalancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力crossforce挠性转子flexiblerotor分频进动fractionalfrequencyprecession半频进动halffrequencyprecession油膜振荡oilwhip转子临界转速rotorcriticalspeed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcriticalspeed涡动whirl连续过程continuousprocess碰撞截面collisioncrosssection通用气体常数conventionalgasconstant燃烧不稳定性combustioninstability稀释度dilution完全离解completedissociation火焰传播flamepropagation组份constituent碰撞反应速率collisionreactionrate燃烧理论combustiontheory浓度梯度concentrationgradient阴极腐蚀cathodiccorrosion火焰速度flamespeed火焰驻定flamestabilization火焰结构flamestructure着火ignition湍流火焰turbulentflame层流火焰laminarflame燃烧带burningzone渗流flowinporousmedia,seepage达西定律Darcylaw赫尔-肖流Hele-Shawflow毛[细]管流capillaryflow过滤filtration爪进fingering不互溶驱替immiscibledisplacement不互溶流体immisciblefluid互溶驱替miscibledisplacement互溶流体misciblefluid迁移率mobility流度比mobilityratio渗透率permeability孔隙度porosity多孔介质porousmedium比面specificsurface迂曲度tortuosity空隙void空隙分数voidfraction注水waterflooding可湿性wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysicalfluiddynamics物理海洋学physicaloceanography大气环流atmosphericcirculation海洋环流oceancirculation海洋流oceancurrent旋转流rotatingflow平流advection埃克曼流Ekmanflow埃克曼边界层Ekmanboundarylayer大气边界层atmosphericboundarylayer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-oceaninteraction埃克曼数Ekmannumber罗斯贝数Rossbyunmber罗斯贝波Rossbywave斜压性baroclinicity正压性barotropy内磨擦internalfriction海洋波oceanwave盐度salinity环境流体力学environmentalfluidmechanics斯托克斯流Stokesflow羽流plume理查森数Richardsonnumber污染源pollutantsource污染物扩散pollutantdiffusion噪声noise噪声级noiselevel噪声污染noisepollution排放物effulent工业流体力学industricalfluidmechanics流控技术fluidics轴向流axialflow并向流co-currentflow对向流countercurrentflow横向流crossflow螺旋流spiralflow旋拧流swirlingflow滞后流afterflow混合层mixinglayer抖振buffeting风压windpressure附壁效应wallattachmenteffect,Coandaeffect简约频率reducedfrequency爆炸力学mechanicsofexplosion终点弹道学terminalballistics动态超高压技术dynamicultrahighpressuretechnique流体弹塑性体hydro-elastoplasticmedium热塑不稳定性thermoplasticinstability空中爆炸explosioninair地下爆炸undergroundexplosion水下爆炸underwaterexplosion电爆炸discharge-inducedexplosion激光爆炸laser-inducedexplosion核爆炸nuclearexplosion点爆炸point-sourceexplosion殉爆sympathaticdetonation强爆炸intenseexplosion粒子束爆炸explosionbybeamradiation聚爆implosion起爆initiationofexplosion爆破blasting霍普金森杆Hopkinsonbar电炮electricgun电磁炮electromagneticgun爆炸洞explosionchamber轻气炮lightgasgun马赫反射Machreflection基浪basesurge成坑cratering能量沉积energydeposition爆心explosioncenter爆炸当量explosionequivalent火球fireball爆高heightofburst蘑菇云mushroom侵彻penetration规则反射regularreflection崩落spallation应变率史strainratehistory流变学rheology聚合物减阻dragreductionbypolymers挤出[物]胀大extrusionswell,dieswell无管虹吸tubelesssiphon剪胀效应dilatancyeffect孔压[误差]效应hole-pressure[error]effect剪切致稠shearthickening剪切致稀shearthinning触变性thixotropy反触变性anti-thixotropy超塑性superplasticity粘弹塑性材料viscoelasto-plasticmaterial滞弹性材料anelasticmaterial本构关系constitutiverelation麦克斯韦模型Maxwellmodel沃伊特-开尔文模型Voigt-Kelvinmodel宾厄姆模型Binghammodel奥伊洛特模型Oldroydmodel幂律模型powerlawmodel应力松驰stressrelaxation应变史strainhistory应力史stresshistory记忆函数memoryfunction衰退记忆fadingmemory应力增长stressgrowing粘度函数voscosityfunction相对粘度relativeviscosity复态粘度complexviscosity拉伸粘度elongationalviscosity拉伸流动elongationalflow第一法向应力差firstnormal-stressdifference第二法向应力差secondnormal-stressdifference德博拉数Deborahnumber魏森贝格数Weissenbergnumber动态模量dynamicmodulus振荡剪切流oscillatoryshearflow宇宙气体动力学cosmicgasdynamics等离[子]体动力学plasmadynamics电离气体ionizedgas行星边界层planetaryboundarylayer阿尔文波Alfvenwave泊肃叶-哈特曼流]Poiseuille-Hartmanflow哈特曼数Hartmannumber生物流变学biorheology生物流体biofluid生物屈服点bioyieldpoint生物屈服应力bioyieldstress电气体力学electro-gasdynamics铁流体力学ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学hemorheology,bloodrheology血液动力学hemodynamics磁流体力学magnetofluidmechanics磁流体动力学magnetohydrodynamics,MHD磁流体动力波magnetohydrodynamicwave磁流体流magnetohydrodynamicflow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamicstability生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学biologicalfluidmechanics生物固体力学biologicalsolidmechanics宾厄姆塑性流Binghamplasticflow开尔文体Kelvinbody沃伊特体Voigtbody可贴变形applicabledeformation可贴曲面applicablesurface边界润滑boundarylubrication液膜润滑fluidfilmlubrication向心收缩功concentricwork离心收缩功eccentricwork关节反作用力jointreactionforce微循环力学microcyclicmechanics微纤维microfibril渗透性permeability生理横截面积physiologicalcross-sectionalarea农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度fibrousness硬皮度rustiness胶粘度gumminess粘稠度stickiness嫩度tenderness渗透流osmoticflow易位流translocationflow蒸腾流transpirationalflow过滤阻力filtrationresistance压扁wafering风雪流snow-drivingwind停滞堆积accretion遇阻堆积encroachment沙漠地面desertfloor流沙固定fixationofshiftingsand流动阈值fluidthreshold固体力学弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theoryofelasticity均匀应力状态homogeneousstateofstress应力不变量stressinvariant应变不变量straininvariant应变椭球strainellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneousstateofstrain应变协调方程equationofstraincompatibility拉梅常量Lameconstants各向同性弹性isotropicelasticity旋转圆盘rotatingcirculardisk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvinproblem布西内斯克问题Boussinesqproblem艾里应力函数Airystressfunction克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvilimethod基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoffhypothesis板Plate矩形板Rectangularplate圆板Circularplate环板Annularplate波纹板Corrugatedplate加劲板Stiffenedplate,reinforcedPlate中厚板Plateofmoderatethickness弯[曲]应力函数Stressfunctionofbending壳Shell扁壳Shallowshell旋转壳Revolutionaryshell球壳Sphericalshell[圆]柱壳Cylindricalshell锥壳Conicalshell环壳Toroidalshell封闭壳Closedshell波纹壳Corrugatedshell扭[转]应力函数Stressfunctionoftorsion翘曲函数Warpingfunction半逆解法semi-inversemethod瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritzmethod松弛法Relaxationmethod莱维法Levymethod松弛Relaxation量纲分析Dimensionalanalysis自相似[性]self-similarity影响面Influencesurface接触应力Contactstress赫兹理论Hertztheory协调接触Conformingcontact滑动接触Slidingcontact滚动接触Rollingcontact压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropicelasticity颗粒材料Granularmaterial散体力学Mechanicsofgranularmedia热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondenceprinciple褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Totaltheoryofplasticity滑动Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinearelasticity大挠度Largedeflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形Finitedeformation格林应变Greenstrain阿尔曼西应变Almansistrain弹性动力学Dynamicelasticity运动方程Equationofmotion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性Aeroelasticity水弹性Hydroelasticity颤振Flutter弹性波Elasticwave简单波Simplewave柱面波Cylindricalwave水平剪切波Horizontalshearwave竖直剪切波Verticalshearwave体波bodywave无旋波Irrotationalwave畸变波Distortionwave膨胀波Dilatationwave瑞利波Rayleighwave等容波Equivoluminalwave勒夫波Lovewave界面波Interfacialwave边缘效应edgeeffect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metalforming耐撞性Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性Structuralcrashworthiness拉拔Drawing破坏机构Collapsemechanism回弹Springback挤压Extrusion冲压Stamping穿透Perforation层裂Spalling塑性理论Theoryofplasticity安定[性]理论Shake-downtheory运动安定定理kinematicshake-downtheorem静力安定定理Staticshake-downtheorem率相关理论ratedependenttheorem载荷因子loadfactor加载准则Loadingcriterion加载函数Loadingfunction加载面Loadingsurface塑性加载Plasticloading塑性加载波Plasticloadingwave简单加载Simpleloading比例加载Proportionalloading卸载Unloading卸载波Unloadingwave冲击载荷Impulsiveload阶跃载荷stepload脉冲载荷pulseload极限载荷limitload中性变载nentralloading拉抻失稳instabilityintension加速度波accelerationwave本构方程constitutiveequation完全解completesolution名义应力nominalstress过应力over-stress真应力truestress等效应力equivalentstress流动应力flowstress应力间断stressdiscontinuity应力空间stressspace主应力空间principalstressspace静水应力状态hydrostaticstateofstress对数应变logarithmicstrain工程应变engineeringstrain等效应变equivalentstrain应变局部化strainlocalization应变率strainrate应变率敏感性strainratesensitivity应变空间strainspace有限应变finitestrain塑性应变增量plasticstrainincrement累积塑性应变accumulatedplasticstrain永久变形permanentdeformation内变量internalvariable应变软化strain-softening理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectlyplasticMaterial刚塑性材料rigid-plasticmaterial理想塑性材料perfectlplasticmaterial材料稳定性stabilityofmaterial应变偏张量deviatorictensorofstrain应力偏张量deviatoritensorofstress应变球张量sphericaltensorofstrain应力球张量sphericaltensorofstress路径相关性path-dependency线性强化linearstrain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematichardening各向同性强化isotropichardening强化模量strain-hardeningmodulus幂强化powerhardening塑性极限弯矩plasticlimitbendingMoment塑性极限扭矩plasticlimittorque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plasticbending弹塑性交界面elastic-plasticinterface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastictorsion粘塑性Viscoplasticity非弹性Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectlyplasticMaterial极限分析limitanalysis极限设计limitdesign极限面limitsurface上限定理upperboundtheorem上屈服点upperyieldpoint下限定理lowerboundtheorem下屈服点loweryieldpoint界限定理boundtheorem初始屈服面initialyieldsurface后继屈服面subsequentyieldsurface屈服面[的]外凸性convexityofyieldsurface截面形状因子shapefactorofcross-section沙堆比拟sandheapanalogy屈服Yield屈服条件yieldcondition屈服准则yieldcriterion屈服函数yieldfunction屈服面yieldsurface塑性势plasticpotential能量吸收装置energyabsorbingdevice能量耗散率energyabsorbingdevice塑性动力学dynamicplasticity塑性动力屈曲dynamicplasticbuckling塑性动力响应dynamicplasticresponse塑性波plasticwave运动容许场kinematicallyadmissibleField静力容许场staticallyadmissibleField流动法则flowrule速度间断velocitydiscontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-linesfield移行塑性铰travellingplastichinge塑性增量理论incrementaltheoryofPlasticity米泽斯屈服准则Misesyieldcriterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系prandtl-Reussrelation特雷斯卡屈服准则Trescayieldcriterion洛德应力参数Lodestressparameter莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Misesrelation亨基应力方程Henckystressequation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaardstressspace洛德应变参数Lodestrainparameter德鲁克公设Druckerpostulate盖林格速度方程GeiringervelocityEquation结构力学structuralmechanics结构分析structuralanalysis结构动力学structuraldynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hingedarch抛物线拱parabolicarch圆拱circulararch穹顶Dome空间结构spacestructure空间桁架spacetruss雪载[荷]snowload风载[荷]windload土压力earthpressure地震载荷earthquakeloading弹簧支座springsupport支座位移supportdisplacement支座沉降supportsettlement超静定次数degreeofindeterminacy机动分析kinematicanalysis结点法methodofjoints截面法methodofsections结点力jointforces共轭位移conjugatedisplacement影响线influenceline三弯矩方程three-momentequation单位虚力unitvirtualforce刚度系数stiffnesscoefficient柔度系数flexibilitycoefficient力矩分配momentdistribution力矩分配法momentdistributionmethod力矩再分配momentredistribution分配系数distributionfactor矩阵位移法matridisplacementmethod单元刚度矩阵elementstiffnessmatrix单元应变矩阵elementstrainmatrix总体坐标globalcoordinates贝蒂定理Bettitheorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-JordaneliminationMethod屈曲模态bucklingmode复合材料力学mechanicsofcomposites复合材料compositematerial纤维复合材料fibrouscomposite单向复合材料unidirectionalcomposite泡沫复合材料foamedcomposite颗粒复合材料particulatecomposite层板Laminate夹层板sandwichpanel正交层板cross-plylaminate斜交层板angle-plylaminate层片Ply多胞固体cellularsolid膨胀Expansion压实Debulk劣化Degradation脱层Delamination脱粘Debond纤维应力fiberstress层应力plystress层应变plystrain层间应力interlaminarstress比强度specificstrength强度折减系数strengthreductionfactor强度应力比strength-stressratio横向剪切模量transverseshearmodulus横观各向同性transverseisotropy正交各向异Orthotropy剪滞分析shearlaganalysis短纤维choppedfiber长纤维continuousfiber纤维方向fiberdirection纤维断裂fiberbreak纤维拔脱fiberpull-out纤维增强fiberreinforcement致密化Densification最小重量设计optimumweightdesign网格分析法nettinganalysis混合律ruleofmixture失效准则failurecriterion蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-Wufailurecriterion达格代尔模型Dugdalemodel断裂力学fracturemechanics概率断裂力学probabilisticfractureMechanics格里菲思理论Griffiththeory线弹性断裂力学linearelasticfracturemechanics,LEFM弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plasticfracturemecha-nics,EPFM断裂Fracture脆性断裂brittlefracture解理断裂cleavagefracture蠕变断裂creepfracture延性断裂ductilefracture晶间断裂inter-granularfracture准解理断裂quasi-cleavagefracture穿晶断裂trans-granularfracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹ellipticalcrack深埋裂纹embeddedcrack[钱]币状裂纹penny-shapecrack预制裂纹Precrack短裂纹shortcrack表面裂纹surfacecrack裂纹钝化crackblunting裂纹分叉crackbranching裂纹闭合crackclosure裂纹前缘crackfront裂纹嘴crackmouth裂纹张开角crackopeningangle,COA裂纹张开位移crackopeningdisplacement,COD裂纹阻力crackresistance裂纹面cracksurface裂纹尖端cracktip裂尖张角cracktipopeningangle,CTOA裂尖张开位移cracktipopeningdisplacement,CTOD裂尖奇异场cracktipsingularityField裂纹扩展速率crackgrowthrate稳定裂纹扩展stablecrackgrowth定常裂纹扩展steadycrackgrowth亚临界裂纹扩展subcriticalcrackgrowth裂纹[扩展]减速crackretardation止裂crackarrest止裂韧度arresttoughness断裂类型fracturemode滑开型slidingmode张开型openingmode撕开型tearingmode复合型mixedmode撕裂Tearing撕裂模量tearingmodulus断裂准则fracturecriterionJ积分J-integralJ阻力曲线J-resistancecurve断裂韧度fracturetoughness应力强度因子stressintensityfactorHRR场Hutchinson-Rice-RosengrenField守恒积分conservationintegral有效应力张量effectivestresstensor应变能密度strainenergydensity能量释放率energyreleaserate内聚区cohesivezone塑性区plasticzone张拉区stretchedzone热影响区heataffectedzone,HAZ延脆转变温度brittle-ductiletransitiontemperature剪切带shearband剪切唇shearlip无损检测non-destructiveinspection双边缺口试件doubleedgenotchedspecimen,DENspecimen单边缺口试件singleedgenotchedspecimen,SENspecimen三点弯曲试件threepointbendingspecimen,TPBspecimen中心裂纹拉伸试件centercrackedtensionspecimen,CCTspecimen中心裂纹板试件centercrackedpanelspecimen,CCPspecimen紧凑拉伸试件compacttensionspecimen,CTspecimen大范围屈服largescaleyielding小范围攻屈服smallscaleyielding韦布尔分布Weibulldistribution帕里斯公式parisformula空穴化Cavitation应力腐蚀stresscorrosion概率风险判定probabilisticriskassessment,PRA损伤力学damagemechanics损伤Damage连续介质损伤力学continuumdamagemechanics细观损伤力学microscopicdamagemechanics累积损伤accumulateddamage脆性损伤brittledamage延性损伤ductiledamage宏观损伤macroscopicdamage细观损伤microscopicdamage微观损伤microscopicdamage损伤准则damagecriterion损伤演化方程damageevolutionequation损伤软化damagesoftening损伤强化damagestrengthening损伤张量damagetensor损伤阈值damagethreshold损伤变量damagevariable损伤矢量damagevector损伤区damagezone疲劳Fatigue低周疲劳lowcyclefatigue应力疲劳stressfatigue随机疲劳randomfatigue蠕变疲劳creepfatigue腐蚀疲劳corrosionfatigue疲劳损伤fatiguedamage疲劳失效fatiguefailure疲劳断裂fatiguefracture疲劳裂纹fatiguecrack疲劳寿命fatiguelife疲劳破坏fatiguerupture疲劳强度fatiguestrength疲劳辉纹fatiguestriations疲劳阈值fatiguethreshold交变载荷alternatingload交变应力alternatingstress应力幅值stressamplitude应变疲劳strainfatigue应力循环stresscycle应力比stressratio安全寿命safelife过载效应overloadingeffect循环硬化cyclichardening循环软化cyclicsoftening环境效应environmentaleffect裂纹片crackgage裂纹扩展crackgrowth,crackPropagation裂纹萌生crackinitiation循环比cycleratio实验应力分析experimentalstressAnalysis工作[应变]片active[strain]gage基底材料backingmaterial应力计stressgage零[点]飘移zeroshift,zerodrift应变测量strainmeasurement应变计straingage应变指示器strainindicator应变花strainrosette应变灵敏度strainsensitivity机械式应变仪mechanicalstraingage直角应变花rectangularrosette引伸仪Extensometer应变遥测telemeteringofstrain横向灵敏系数transversegagefactor横向灵敏度transversesensitivity焊接式应变计weldablestraingage平衡电桥balancedbridge粘贴式应变计bondedstraingage粘贴箔式应变计bondedfoiledgage粘贴丝式应变计bondedwiregage桥路平衡bridgebalancing电容应变计capacitancestraingage补偿片compensationtechnique补偿技术compensationtechnique基准电桥referencebridge电阻应变计resistancestraingage温度自补偿应变计self-temperaturecompensatinggage半导体应变计semiconductorstrainGage集流器slipring应变放大镜strainamplifier疲劳寿命计fatiguelifegage电感应变计inductance[strain]gage光[测]力学Photomechanics光弹性Photoelasticity光塑性Photoplasticity杨氏条纹Youngfringe双折射效应birefrigenteffect等位移线contourofequalDisplacement暗条纹darkfringe条纹倍增fringemultiplication干涉条纹interferencefringe等差线Isochromatic等倾线Isoclinic等和线isopachic应力光学定律stress-opticlaw主应力迹线Isostatic亮条纹lightfringe光程差opticalpathdifference热光弹性photo-thermo-elasticity光弹性贴片法photoelasticcoatingMethod光弹性夹片法photoelasticsandwichMethod动态光弹性dynamicphoto-elasticity空间滤波spatialfiltering空间频率spatialfrequency起偏镜Polarizer反射式光弹性仪reflectionpolariscope残余双折射效应residualbirefringentEffect应变条纹值strainfringevalue应变光学灵敏度strain-opticsensitivity应力冻结效应stressfreezingeffect应力条纹值stressfringevalue应力光图stress-opticpattern暂时双折射效应temporarybirefringentEffect脉冲全息法pulsedholography透射式光弹性仪transmissionpolariscope实时全息干涉法real-timeholographicinterferometry网格法gridmethod全息光弹性法holo-photoelasticity全息图Hologram全息照相Holograph全息干涉法holographicinterferometry全息云纹法holographicmoiretechnique全息术Holography全场分析法whole-fieldanalysis散斑干涉法speckleinterferometry散斑Speckle错位散斑干涉法speckle-shearinginterferometry,shearography散斑图Specklegram白光散斑法white-lightspecklemethod云纹干涉法moireinterferometry[叠栅]云纹moirefringe[叠栅]云纹法moiremethod云纹图moirepattern离面云纹法off-planemoiremethod参考栅referencegrating试件栅specimengrating分析栅analyzergrating面内云纹法in-planemoiremethod脆性涂层法brittle-coatingmethod条带法stripcoatingmethod坐标变换transformationofCoordinates计算结构力学computationalstructuralmechanics加权残量法weightedresidualmethod有限差分法finitedifferencemethod有限[单]元法finiteelementmethod配点法pointcollocation里茨法Ritzmethod广义变分原理generalizedvariationalPrinciple最小二乘法leastsquaremethod胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washizuprinciple赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-ReissnerPrinciple修正变分原理modifiedvariationalPrinciple约束变分原理constrainedvariationalPrinciple混合法mixedmethod杂交法hybridmethod边界解法boundarysolutionmethod有限条法finitestripmethod半解析法semi-analyticalmethod协调元conformingelement非协调元non-conformingelement混合元mixedelement杂交元hybridelement边界元boundaryelement强迫边界条件forcedboundarycondition自然边界条件naturalboundarycondition离散化Discretization离散系统discretesystem连续问题continuousproblem广义位移generalizeddisplacement广义载荷generalizedload广义应变generalizedstrain广义应力generalizedstress界面变量interfacevariable节点node,nodalpoint[单]元Element角节点cornernode边节点mid-sidenode内节点internalnode无节点变量nodelessvariable杆元barelement桁架杆元trusselement梁元beamelement二维元two-dimensionalelement一维元one-dimensionalelement三维元three-dimensionalelement轴对称元axisymmetricelement板元plateelement壳元shellelement厚板元thickplateelement三角形元triangularelement四边形元quadrilateralelement四面体元tetrahedralelement曲线元curvedelement二次元quadraticelement线性元linearelement三次元cubicelement四次元quarticelement等参[数]元isoparametricelement超参数元super-parametricelement亚参数元sub-parametricelement节点数可变元variable-number-nodeelement拉格朗日元Lagrangeelement拉格朗日族Lagrangefamily巧凑边点元serendipityelement巧凑边点族serendipityfamily无限元infiniteelement单元分析elementanalysis单元特性elementcharacteristics刚度矩阵stiffnessmatrix几何矩阵geometricmatrix等效节点力equivalentnodalforce节点位移nodaldisplacement节点载荷nodalload位移矢量displacementvector载荷矢量loadvector质量矩阵massmatrix集总质量矩阵lumpedmassmatrix相容质量矩阵consistentmassmatrix阻尼矩阵dampingmatrix瑞利阻尼Rayleighdamping刚度矩阵的组集assemblyofstiffnessMatrices载荷矢量的组集consistentmassmatrix质量矩阵的组集assemblyofmassmatrices单元的组集assemblyofelements局部坐标系localcoordinatesystem局部坐标localcoordinate面积坐标areacoordinates体积坐标volumecoordinates曲线坐标curvilinearcoordinates静凝聚staticcondensation合同变换contragradienttransformation形状函数shapefunction试探函数trialfunction检验函数testfunction权函数weightfunction样条函数splinefunction代用函数substitutefunction降阶积分reducedintegration零能模式zero-energymodeP收敛p-convergenceH收敛h-convergence掺混插值blendedinterpolation等参数映射isoparametricmapping双线性插值bilinearinterpolation小块检验patchtest非协调模式incompatiblemode节点号nodenumber单元号elementnumber带宽bandwidth带状矩阵bandedmatrix变带状矩阵profilematrix带宽最小化minimizationofbandwidth波前法frontalmethod子空间迭代法subspaceiterationmethod行列式搜索法determinantsearchmethod逐步法step-by-stepmethod纽马克法Newmark威尔逊法Wilson拟牛顿法quasi-Newtonmethod牛顿-拉弗森法Newton-Raphsonmethod增量法incrementalmethod初应变initialstrain初应力initialstress切线刚度矩阵tangentstiffnessmatrix割线刚度矩阵secantstiffnessmatrix模态叠加法modesuperpositionmethod平衡迭代equilibriumiteration子结构Substructure子结构法substructuretechnique超单元super-element网格生成meshgeneration结构分析程序structuralanalysisprogram前处理pre-processing后处理post-processing网格细化meshrefinement应力光顺stresssmoothing组合结构compositestructure流体力学流体动力学fluiddynamics连续介质力学mechanicsofcontinuousmedia介质medium流体质点fluidparticle无粘性流体nonviscousfluid,inviscidfluid连续介质假设continuousmediumhypothesis流体运动学fluidkinematics水静力学hydrostatics液体静力学hydrostatics支配方程governingequation伯努利方程Bernoulliequation伯努利定理Bernonllitheorem毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savartlaw欧拉方程Eulerequation亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtztheorem开尔文定理Kelvintheorem涡片vortexsheet库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowskicondition布拉休斯解Blasiussolution达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembertparadox雷诺数Reynoldsnumber施特鲁哈尔数Strouhalnumber随体导数materialderivative不可压缩流体incompressiblefluid质量守恒conservationofmass动量守恒conservationofmomentum能量守恒conservationofenergy动量方程momentumequation能量方程energyequation控制体积controlvolume液体静压hydrostaticpressure涡量拟能enstrophy压差differentialpressure流[动]flow流线streamline流面streamsurface流管streamtube迹线path,pathline流场flowfield流态flowregime流动参量flowparameter流量flowrate,flowdischarge涡旋vortex涡量vorticity涡丝vortexfilament涡线vortexline涡面vortexsurface涡层vortexlayer涡环vortexring涡对vortexpair涡管vortextube涡街vortexstreet卡门涡街Karmanvortexstreet马蹄涡horseshoevortex对流涡胞convectivecell卷筒涡胞rollcell涡eddy涡粘性eddyviscosity环流circulation环量circulation速度环量velocitycirculation偶极子doublet,dipole驻点stagnationpoint总压[力]totalpressure总压头totalhead静压头statichead总焓totalenthalpy能量输运energytransport速度剖面velocityprofile库埃特流Couetteflow单相流singlephaseflow单组份流single-componentflow均匀流uniformflow非均匀流nonuniformflow二维流two-dimensionalflow三维流three-dimensionalflow准定常流quasi-steadyflow非定常流unsteadyflow,non-steadyflow暂态流transientflow周期流periodicflow振荡流oscillatoryflow分层流stratifiedflow无旋流irrotationalflow有旋流rotationalflow轴对称流axisymmetricflow不可压缩性incompressibility不可压缩流[动]incompressibleflow浮体floatingbody定倾中心metacenter阻力drag,resistance减阻dragreduction表面力surfaceforce表面张力surfacetension毛细[管]作用capillarity来流incomingflow自由流freestream自由流线freestreamline外流externalflow进口entrance,inlet出口exit,outlet扰动disturbance,perturbation分布distribution传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion附加质量addedmass,associatedmass收缩contraction镜象法imagemethod无量纲参数dimensionlessparameter几何相似geometricsimilarity运动相似kinematicsimilarity动力相似[性]dynamicsimilarity平面流planeflow势potential势流potentialflow速度势velocitypotential复势complexpotential复速度complexvelocity流函数streamfunction源source汇sink速度[水]头velocityhead拐角流cornerflow空泡流cavityflow超空泡supercavity超空泡流supercavityflow空气动力学aerodynamics低速空气动力学low-speedaerodynamics高速空气动力学high-speedaerodynamics气动热力学aerothermodynamics亚声速流[动]subsonicflow跨声速