中考英语语法短语专项练习题

中考英语语法短语专项练习题中考英语的考查中，短语的理解与运用能力直接影响阅读理解的流畅度、完形填空的准确率，以及书面表达的丰富性。从动词短语的灵活搭配，到介词短语的语境指向，再到固定搭配的精准记忆，短语知识贯穿语法与语用的核心环节。本文通过分层梳理高频短语类型，结合典型例题与针对性练习，帮助考生系统突破短语难关，在考场上实现“理解—运用—辨析”的能力跃升。一、动词短语专项突破考点聚焦：中考常考动词短语多涉及“一词多义”“同义辨析”“语境适配”，核心动词（如`look`、`take`、`put`、`give`等）的短语搭配需结合语义与场景判断。（一）典型例题例1：Theteacheraskedusto______thenewwordsinthedictionarybeforeclass.A.lookafterB.lookupC.lookforD.lookout解析：本题考查`look`短语的语义辨析。`lookafter`（照顾）、`lookup`（查阅；向上看）、`lookfor`（寻找）、`lookout`（当心）。结合“dictionary（词典）”的语境，“查阅单词”应选`lookup`，答案为B。易错点：学生易混淆`lookup`（查阅）与`lookfor`（寻找），需关注宾语属性（“单词、信息”等抽象内容用`lookup`；“人/物”等具体对象用`lookfor`）。例2：Whentherainstopped,theworkers______buildingtheroad.A.wentonB.putonC.triedonD.goton解析：`goondoingsth.`（继续做同一件事）；`puton`（穿上；上演）；`tryon`（试穿）；`geton`（上车；进展）。结合“rainstopped（雨停）”和“buildingtheroad（修路）”的逻辑，应是“继续修路”，选A。考点延伸：`goontodo`（接着做另一件事）需与`goondoing`区分，如：*Afterfinishingmathhomework,hewentontodoEnglishhomework.*（做完数学做英语，两件事）。（二）针对性练习（10题）1.Don’t______thechancetostudyabroad—you’llregretit.A.giveupB.giveinC.giveoutD.giveaway2.Theoldphoto______mymemoryofmyhometown.A.calledupB.calledonC.calledinD.calledout3.She______anewdressandwenttotheparty.A.putonB.putupC.putawayD.putoff4.Weshould______ourtime______usefulthings.A.spend;onB.take;onC.cost;inD.pay;for5.Theplane______at10:00a.m.Let’shurry.A.takesoffB.takesawayC.takesupD.takesdown6.He______smokingbecauseit’sbadforhealth.A.gaveupB.gaveinC.gaveoutD.gaveaway7.Please______thelightswhenyouleavetheroom.A.turnoffB.turnonC.turnupD.turndown8.Themovieissointerestingthatweall______watchingit.A.goonB.putoffC.lookforwardtoD.getusedto9.She______herglassesandbegantoreadtheletter.A.pickedupB.pickedoutC.pickedoffD.pickedon10.Weshould______theenvironmentbyreducingplasticuse.A.lookafterB.lookupC.lookforD.lookout二、介词短语专项突破考点聚焦：介词短语常考查“空间/时间/逻辑关系”，如`in/on/at`的短语，以及`with`、`without`、`by`等介词的搭配，需结合语境判断语义指向（如表方位、伴随、方式等）。（一）典型例题例1：______thehelpofmyteacher,Isolvedtheproblemeasily.A.UnderB.InC.WithD.On解析：`withthehelpof...`（在……帮助下）是固定搭配，答案为C。易错点：学生易误用`under`，需牢记“借助帮助”的固定表达为`withhelp`。例2：Weusuallyhaveabreak______10:00______themorning.A.at;inB.in;atC.on;inD.at;on解析：具体时刻前用`at`（10:00），泛指“上午”用`inthemorning`，答案为A。考点延伸：`on`用于具体某天的上午/下午，如`onarainymorning`（在一个下雨的早晨）。（二）针对性练习（10题）1.Thebookwaswritten______thefamouswriter______1998.A.by;inB.by;onC.with;inD.with;on2.Allthestudentsaresitting______theirdesks,waitingfortheexamtobegin.A.inB.atC.onD.by3.Thecatissleeping______thetable.A.underB.aboveC.overD.on4.Wewenttothemuseum______bus.A.byB.onC.inD.with5.______winter,weoftengoskiing.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For6.Thepictureishanging______thewall.A.inB.onC.atD.to7.Hefinishedthework______theendofthemonth.A.inB.atC.onD.for8.Sheisstanding______thedoor,waitingforherfriend.A.byB.inC.onD.at9.Theboyisplaying______histoys.A.withB.byC.inD.on10.______theageof12,shestartedtoplaythepiano.A.AtB.OnC.InD.For三、固定搭配与习惯短语专项突破考点聚焦：中考常考“动词+名词”“形容词+介词”“名词+介词”等固定搭配（如`beinterestedin`、`payattentionto`、`takepartin`等），需精准记忆搭配结构与语义。（一）典型例题例1：Weshould______ourdailylife______ourhobbies.例2：Thelittlegirlis______beautiful______hermother.A.as;asB.so;asC.as;soD.so;so解析：`as...as...`（和……一样，肯定句）；`so...as...`（用于否定句）。本句为肯定句，选A。易错点：学生易混淆`so...as...`的使用场景，需注意句式（肯定用`as...as`，否定用`notso...as`）。（二）针对性练习（10题）1.Myparentsalwaystellmeto______myhealth.A.takecareB.takecareofC.lookatD.lookfor2.Themovieis______interesting______weallwanttowatchitagain.A.so;thatB.such;thatC.too;toD.enough;to3.Weshould______thetrafficruleswhenwecrosstheroad.A.followB.breakC.makeD.change4.Sheis______playingthepiano.A.goodatB.goodforC.goodwithD.goodto5.Theteacheraskedusto______attentiontoourpronunciation.A.payB.takeC.giveD.make6.Heis______young______gotoschoolalone.A.too;toB.so;thatC.such;thatD.enough;to7.We______partinthesportsmeetinglastweek.A.tookB.madeC.playedD.did8.Thebookis______difficult______Ican’tunderstandit.A.so;thatB.such;thatC.too;toD.enough;to9.Sheis______hersisterinmanyways.A.similartoB.differentfromC.sameasD.familiarwith10.Weshould______ourbesttohelpothers.A.tryB.doC.takeD.make四、综合提升训练（20题）（注：题目涵盖动词短语、介词短语、固定搭配，难度贴近中考真题，需结合语境与短语辨析能力作答。）1.Whenyoumeetnewwords,youcan______them______inthee-dictionary.A.look;upB.look;forC.look;afterD.look;out2.______theageof12,shestartedtoplaythepiano.A.AtB.OnC.InD.For3.Don’t______thechancetostudyabroad—you’llregretit.A.giveupB.giveinC.giveoutD.giveaway4.Thebookwaswritten______thefamouswriter______1998.A.by;inB.by;onC.with;inD.with;on5.Weshould______ourtime______usefulthings.A.spend;onB.take;onC.cost;inD.pay;for6.Theplane______at10:00a.m.Let’shurry.A.takesoffB.takesawayC.takesupD.takesdown7.He______smokingbecauseit’sbadforhealth.A.gaveupB.gaveinC.gaveoutD.gaveaway8.Please______thelightswhenyouleavetheroom.A.turnoffB.turnonC.turnupD.turndown9.Themovieissointerestingthatweall______watchingit.A.goonB.putoffC.lookforwardtoD.getusedto10.She______herglassesandbegantoreadtheletter.A.pickedupB.pickedoutC.pickedoffD.pickedon11.Weshould______theenvironmentbyreducingplasticuse.A.lookafterB.lookupC.lookforD.lookout12.Allthestudentsaresitting______theirdesks,waitingfortheexamtobegin.A.inB.atC.onD.by13.Thecatissleeping______thetable.A.underB.aboveC.overD.on14.Wewenttothemuseum______bus.A.byB.onC.inD.with15.______winter,weoftengoskiing.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For16.Thepictureishanging______thewall.A.inB.onC.atD.to17.Hefinishedthework______theendofthemonth.A.inB.atC.onD.for18.Sheisstanding______thedoor,waitingforherfriend.A.byB.inC.onD.at19.Theboyisplaying______histoys.A.withB.byC.inD.on20.Weshould______ourbesttohelpothers.A.tryB.doC.takeD.make五、答案与解析（一）动词短语练习答案1.A（`giveup`意为“放弃”，结合“regret（后悔）”可知是“别放弃机会”）；2.A（`callup`意为“唤起（记忆）”，`callon`“拜访/号召”、`callin`“召集”、`callout`“呼喊”均不符合“记忆”的语境）；3.A（`puton`“穿上”，结合“newdress（新裙子）”和“party（派对）”的逻辑）；4.A（`spendtimeonsth.`“在某事上花费时间”，`take`常与`it`搭配、`cost`主语为物、`payfor`“为……付款”）；5.A（`takeoff`“起飞”，结合“plane（飞机）”和“hurry（赶快）”的语境）；6.A（`giveup`“放弃”，结合“badforhealth（有害健康）”可知是“戒烟”）；7.A（`turnoff`“关闭”，结合“leavetheroom（离开房间）”的逻辑）；8.C（`lookforwardto`“期待”，`goon`“继续”、`putoff`“推迟”、`getusedto`“习惯”均不符合“电影有趣想再看”的语境）；9.A（`pickedup`“拿起”，结合“glasses（眼镜）”和“readtheletter（读信）”的逻辑）；10.A（`lookafter`“照顾”，结合“environment（环境）”的语境）。（二）介词短语练习答案1.A（`bysb.`表“由某人（创作）”，`in+年份`表“在……年”）；2.B（`atone’sdesk`“在书桌旁”，固定搭配）；3.A（`underthetable`“在桌子下”，`above`“在……上方（不接触）”、`over`“在……正上方”、`on`“在……上（接触）”均不符合“睡觉”的场景）；4.A（`bybus`“乘公交”，固定搭配）；5.A（`inwinter`“在冬天”，泛指季节用`in`）；6.B（`onthewall`“在墙上（表面）”，`inthewall`指“嵌入墙内”）；7