《湿法冶金过程及设备培训》-浓密机操作实践答疑 Operation practice of thickener Targeted Clarification

一、常见重点问题答疑I.AnswerstoFrequentlyAskedKeyQuestions1.启动浓密机前，需要检查哪些关键项目？请列举3项并说明原因。1.Whatkeyitemsneedtobecheckedbeforestartingthethickener?Pleaselist3itemsandexplainthereasons.解答：Answer:（1）润滑油：检查油位和油质是否正常，原因是保证传动部件（如电机、减速机）润滑充分，避免磨损。(1)Lubricatingoil:Checkwhethertheoillevelandoilqualityarenormal,inordertoensurethatthetransmissioncomponents(suchasmotorsandreducers)arefullylubricatedtoavoidwear.（2）仪表：确认液位计、浓度计等显示正常，原因是能准确监控矿浆沉降情况和底流浓度。(2)Instrument:Confirmthattheliquidlevelgauge,concentrationgauge,etc.displaynormally,sothattheslurrysettlementandunderflowconcentrationcanbeaccuratelymonitored.（3）耙架：检查是否有卡阻、螺栓是否松动，原因是防止启动后耙架卡住或异响，避免设备损坏。(3)Rakeframe:Checkwhetherthereisanyjammingandwhethertheboltsareloose,inordertopreventtherakeframefromgettingstuckormakingabnormalnoiseafterstarting,andtoavoidequipmentdamage.2.操作浓密机时，有哪些必须遵守的安全规定？请举2个例子。2.Whatarethesafetyregulationsthatmustbeobservedwhenoperatingthethickener?Pleasegive2examples.解答：Answer:（1）严禁触碰旋转部件：耙架和传动系统运行时，必须保持1米以上距离，防止被卷入受伤。(1)Strictlyforbiddentotouchrotatingparts:Aminimumdistanceof1meterfromtherakeframeanddrivesystemduringoperationmustbemaintainedtoprevententanglementinjuries.（2）耙架卡阻立即停机：发现耙架卡住或有异常响声，必须马上停机，严禁强行启动，避免电机过载烧坏或耙架变形。(2)Shutdownimmediatelyiftherakeframeisstuck:Iftherakeframeisfoundtobestuckorthereisanabnormalnoise,itmustbeshutdownimmediately.Itisstrictlyforbiddentostartitforciblytoavoidoverloadandburn-outofthemotorordeformationoftherakeframe.3.浓密机处理后的底流为什么要送压滤机？浓密机在这个衔接中起什么作用？3.Whyshouldtheunderflowprocessedbythethickenerbesenttothefilterpress?Whatroledoesthethickenerplayinthisconnection?解答：Answer:（1）原因：浓密机的底流（含钙镁杂质）浓度还不够高（通常较稀），直接处理效率低，送压滤机能进一步脱水，得到干滤渣。(1)Reason:Theconcentrationoftheunderflow(containingcalciumandmagnesiumimpurities)ofthethickenerisnothighenough(usuallythin),andthedirecttreatmentefficiencyislow.Thefilterpresscanfurtherdehydratetoobtaindryfilterresidue.（2）作用：浓密机先通过重力沉降浓缩矿浆，减少底流体积，降低压滤机的处理负荷，提高整体液固分离效率。(2)Function:Thethickenerfirstconcentratestheslurrythroughgravitysettling,reducingtheunderflowvolumeandtheprocessingloadofthefilterpress,andimprovingtheoverallliquid-solidseparationefficiency.二、常见难点问题答疑II.AnswerstoFrequentlyAskedDifficultQuestions1.什么时候需要操作浓密机的提耙装置？可以通过哪些现象判断？1.Whendoyouneedtooperatetherakedeviceofthethickener?Whatphenomenacanbeusedforjudgement?解答：Answer:（1）提耙时机：当底流浓度过高（如矿浆变稠），耙架负荷增大时需要提耙。(1)Rakeliftingtiming:Whentheunderflowconcentrationistoohigh(suchasslurrythickening)andtheloadoftherakeframeincreases,itisnecessarytolifttherake.（2）判断现象：①仪表显示扭矩变大（超过正常范围）；②耙架旋转声音变沉、变慢；③底流排出不畅。此时提耙能减少耙架阻力，防止过载损坏。(2)Judgmentphenomenon:①Theinstrumentshowsthatthetorquebecomeslarger(exceedingthenormalrange);②Thesoundofrakeframerotationbecomesheavierandslower;③Underflowdischargeisnotsmooth.Atthistime,liftingtherakecanreducetheresistanceoftherakeframeandpreventoverloaddamage.2.浓密机运行中耙架突然卡住不动，可能是什么原因？该怎么处理？2.Whatmaybethereasonwhentherakeframesuddenlygetsstuckduringtheoperationofthethickener?Howtodealwithit?解答：Answer:（1）可能原因：①底流浓度太高，矿浆结块；②有异物（如大块渣、工具）缠绕耙架。(1)Possiblereasons:①Theunderflowconcentrationistoohigh,andtheslurryagglomerates;②Thereareforeignobjects(suchaslargeslagandtools)wrappedaroundtherakeframe.（2）处理步骤：①立即停机，切断电源；②检查并清理异物或结块矿浆；③手动试转耙架，确认无卡阻后再重新启动。(2)Processingsteps:①Shutdownimmediatelyandcutoffthepowersupply;②Checkandcleanforeignmatterorlumpedslurry;③Manuallytrytorotatetherakeframe,confirmthatthereisnojamming,andthenrestartit.3.浓密机的“现场/远程”“自动/手动”模式分别在什么情况下使用？3.Underwhatcircumstancesshouldthethickener's"Local/Remote"and"Auto/Manual"modesbeused?解答：Answer:（1）现场手动模式：适合设备调试、检修或处理故障时使用，比如刚开机时观察耙架旋转是否正常，能直接操作设备，方便及时调整。(1)Localmanualmode:Suitableforequipmentdebugging,maintenanceortroubleshooting.Forexample,whenthemachineisjustturnedon,therakeframeisobservedfornormalrotation,andtheequipmentcanbedirectlyoperatedtofacilitatetimelyadjustment.（2）远程自动模式：适合正常生产时使用，通过中控室远程控制，根据底流浓度自动调节耙架高度，减少人工干预，提高效率。(2)Remoteautomaticmode:Suitab