《湿法冶金过程及设备培训》-氧压浸出岗位实践重难点答疑 Oxygen pressure leaching post practiceTargeted Clarification

氧压浸出岗位实践重难点答疑Q&AonKeyandDifficultQuestionsinOxygenPressureLeachingPostPractice一、常见重点问题答疑I.AnswerstoFrequentlyAskedKeyQuestions1.氧压浸出作业前的“三项核查”内容是什么？高压釜装料与加压阶段的关键控制要求有哪些？1.Whatarethecontentsofthe"threechecks"beforeoxygenpressureleaching?Whatarethekeycontrolrequirementsfortheautoclavechargingandpressurizingstages?解答：作业前“三项核查”包括：检查高压釜密封圈磨损程度、确认氧气压力系统正常、核对矿浆配比与生产指令单一致。Answer:The"threechecks"beforeoperationinclude:checkingtheweardegreeoftheautoclavesealingring,confirmingthattheoxygenpressuresystemisnormal,andcheckingthattheslurryratioisconsistentwiththeproductioninstructionsheet.装料与加压关键控制要求：矿浆固液比控制为1:5；密闭釜体后以0.5MPa/min速率缓慢升压至2.5MPa，同步开启机械搅拌；通过质量流量计调节氧气通入量，维持釜内压力波动≤±0.2MPa，氧化电位稳定在设定区间。Keycontrolrequirementsforchargingandpressurization:Thesolid-liquidratioofslurryiscontrolledto1:5;aftertheautoclavebodyissealed,thepressureisslowlyincreasedto2.5MPaatarateof0.5MPa/min,andmechanicalstirringisstartedsynchronously;theoxygeninflowamountisadjustedbymassflowmetertomaintainthepressurefluctuationintheautoclave≤±0.2MPaandstabilizetheoxidationpotentialinthesetrange.2.设备维护的“三清”制度具体内容是什么？关键设备（高压釜、安全阀、喷嘴）的维护要求有哪些？2.Whatisthespecificcontentofthe"threecleanings"systemforequipmentmaintenance?Whatarethemaintenancerequirementsforkeyequipment(autoclave,safetyvalve,nozzle)?解答：“三清”制度指：清水冲洗釜体内壁结垢、压缩空气吹扫管道残留物、蒸汽消毒杜绝微生物滋生。Answer:The"threecleanings"systemrefersto:cleanwatertowashtheinnerwalloftheautoclaveforscaling,compressedairtopurgetheresidueofthepipeline,andsteamdisinfectiontopreventthegrowthofmicroorganisms.关键设备维护要求：①高压釜：每班检查密封圈磨损，记录压力曲线与温度变化；②安全阀：月度校验启跳压力，确保偏差≤±3%；③喷嘴：定期清理滤芯，避免堵塞，更换周期根据磨损情况确定。。Keyequipmentmaintenancerequirements:①Autoclave:Checkthewearofthesealingringeveryshift,andrecordthepressurecurveandtemperaturechange;②Safetyvalve:Checkthestart-uppressuremonthlytoensurethedeviation≤±3%;③Nozzle:Cleanthefilterelementregularlytoavoidblockage,anddeterminethereplacementcycleaccordingtothewear.二、常见难点问题答疑II.AnswerstoFrequentlyAskedDifficultQuestions1.若发生高压釜压力异常波动（超压或骤降），应急处理流程是什么？1.,Whatistheemergencytreatmentprocessiftheautoclavepressurefluctuatesabnormally(overpressureorsuddendrop)?解答：超压处理：立即启动备用泄压阀，按0.1MPa/min速率缓慢降压；切断加热源与氧气供给，开启冷却水强制降温；通过视镜观察物料状态，若伴随异响或泄漏，执行紧急停车程序并疏散人员。Answer:Overpressuretreatment:Immediatelystartthebackuppressurereliefvalveandslowlyreducethepressureatarateof0.1MPa/min;cutofftheheatingsourceandoxygensupply,andturnonthecoolingwaterforforcedcooling;observethestatusofmaterialsthroughthesightglass,andimplementemergencystopprocedureandevacuatepersonnelifitisaccompaniedbyabnormalnoiseorleakage.压力骤降处理：立即关闭进料阀与氧气阀，检查釜体密封、压力表及安全阀是否故障；若因泄漏导致，启用氮气置换系统，穿戴防护装备排查漏点，严禁带压检修。。Treatmentofsuddenpressuredrop:Immediatelyclosethefeedvalveandoxygenvalve,andcheckwhethertheautoclavebodyseal,pressuregaugeandsafetyvalvearefaulty;ifitiscausedbyleakage,activatenitrogenreplacementsystem,wearprotectiveequipmenttochecktheleakagepoint,andmaintenanceunderpressureisstrictlyprohibited.2.针对高硫或高砷矿浆特性，如何调整工艺参数实现能耗与效率的平衡？2.Howareprocessparametersadjustedtoachieveabalancebetweenenergyconsumptionandefficiencyaccordingtothecharacteristicsofhighsulfurorhigharsenicslurry?解答：针对高硫矿浆：适当提高氧过量系数至1.2-1.3，延长反应时间5-10分钟，同时降低升温速率至3-4℃/min，避免局部过热导致硫磺结块；回收反应余热预热矿浆，降低能耗。Answer:Forhigh-sulfurslurry:Appropriatelyincreasetheoxygenexcesscoefficientto1.2-1.3,extendthereactiontimeby5-10minutes,andreducetheheatingrateto3-4°C/mintoavoidlocaloverheatingcausingsulfuragglomeration;recoverreactionwasteheattopreheatoreslurryandreduceenergyconsumption.针对高砷矿浆：控制初始酸度略高（H₂SO₄浓度提升5-10%），氧分压维持上限（2.5MPa），反应后期增加搅拌转速至120rpm，促进砷化物分解；采用闭路水循环，减少废水排放并降低新鲜水消耗。。Forhigh-arsenicslurry:Controltheinitialaciditytobeslightlyhigher(theH₂SO₄concentrationisincreasedby5-10%),maintaintheupperlimitofoxygenpartialpressure