高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典题型及练习题(含答案)

高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典题型及练习题(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解

Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."Iusedtoworkinschoolcateringandsawalotofmoneybeingthrownaway.Ithoughtthatwascriminal,soIdecidedtodosomethingaboutit,"saidItalianschoolchefTizianoVicentini.

Now,Vicentinihasanamazingrangeofedibleplatesforschools.Theplatesaremadeoutofbreaddough,soyoucaneatthemafterwards."Thesedishescostafewpennieseachandareeithereatenbythekids,orgointorecyclingbinsforanimalfood,"explainedVicentini,50,ofMilan.Butnowothercompaniesaredevelopingedibleplates,too.TheEdible-PlateCompanyoffersedibleplates,bowls,traysandcups.Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.

Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery（餐具）madefromcornandpotatostarch（淀粉）.Theseplateswillalsohelpreducetheamountofplastic;wecreate.Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.Andmanyshopsareofferingbiodegradableplasticbagsandeco-safepackagingontheirproducts.Tohelpmatters,theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(theISO)hasalsodevelopedasystemtoevaluatethebiodegradabilityofproducts,withacertificationandlogoscheme,Meanwhile,howaboutaniceplateforlunch?（1）Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofedibleplates?A.

Theyareexpensive.

B.

Theycandegradenaturally.C.

Theyareenvironmentally-friendly.

D.

Theyaremadefromnaturalplant.（2）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.

TizianoisfromGermany.

B.

Edibleplatesareonlyusedforschoolcatering.C.

Cornandpotatostarchcanbeusedtomakecutlery.

D.

TheEdiblePlateCompanydoesn'tproduceediblebowls.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?A.

Theairpollution.

B.

Theediblecutlery.C.

Thetoxicgasescausedbytheburningofplastic.

D.

Thedamagetotheenvironmentcausedbyplasticwaste.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.

Themeasurestostopthepollution.

B.

Thewaystoreducetheplasticwaste.C.

Howtomakeedibleplatesfromnaturalplants..

D.

Theplatesolutiontoeatingandenvironmentalproblem.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了饮食和环境的问题，并且提出了相应的解决方法。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.”可知，“昂贵”不是edibleplates的优势。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery（餐具）madefromcornandpotatostarch（淀粉）．”可知，玉米和马铃薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。故选C。（3）考查代词指代。根据第三段中的“Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.”塑料垃圾对环境造成了很大的破坏，同时也给政府带来了数百万的垃圾管理。塑料袋经常会出现在垃圾填埋场或街道上。而燃烧的塑料垃圾会导致有毒气体污染空气。作为对此的回应，世界各国政府正在出台严格的回收法规。由此可知this指的是“塑料垃圾对环境造成的破坏。”故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."可知，本文讲述的是饮食和环境问题的解决方案。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，代词指代和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解

TherearelotsofwaystoeducateyourselfontheInternet.Youcanfindphotos,documents,andfilmsonalmostanytopicyoucanimagine.Andat,youcanaccesslecturesbyartists,scholars,designers,techniciansandothers.

TEDbeganin1984asaconferencethatbroughttogetherindividualsfromthefieldsoftechnology,entertainmentanddesign.Itwasintendedtobeaone-timeeventfocusingontechnologyanddesign.Theeventendeduplosingmoney,anditwassixyearsbeforethefounderstrieditagain.Thistimeitworked,andsince1990,theTEDconferencehasbeenanannualevent.Therearenowtwoheldeveryyear,withtopicsasdiverseasmusic,medicine,andmoney.Otherspecializedspin-offconferencesaddressnarrowerissues.

TheTEDwebsitecamefromadesiretosharetheconferenceswiththeworld,to"offerfreeknowledgefromtheworld'smostinspiredthinkers,"asthewebsiteputsit.ThecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinApril2007,andcontainsvideosoftalksgivenattheTEDconferencesaroundtheworld.Thetalksaretranscribedintohundredsoflanguages.

TheTEDwebsiteisownedbytheSaplingFoundation,anonprofitdevotedtofosteringthespreadofgreatideas.TheSaplingfoundationacquiredTEDin2001.Sincethen,ithasbeenfocusingonusingTEDtobroadcastideasthatmightchangetheworld.

TED,ofcourse,isn'timmunetocriticism.It'sbeencalledelitist(精英)foritshighticketprices(morethan6,000dollarstotal).It'sbeenaccusedbyafewpeopleofcensorshipfornotpublishingtheirtalks.Onecontroversialspeakerwasupsetaboutbeingcriticizedbytheconference'shostafterward.

Thecomplaints,however,seemtoberelativelyfewforsuchalarge,long-runningorganization.AndaccusationsofelitismringhollowwhensomuchisgivenawayforfreeonTED'swebsite.Whateveritsfailings,TEDisasourceofinspirationalinformationforthosewhoseekitout.（1）Whatisthemaintopicofthearticle?A.ThecaseagainstTEDB.What'sonTEDtoday.C.Prosandconsof.D.WhatisTED（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.TheTEDconferencecameafterthesuccessof.B.TwoTEDconferencesarenowheldeveryyear.C.TEDtalksareavailableinmanylanguages.D.TheSaplingFoundationowns.（3）Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,wecaninferthat________.A.itisacceptedtoallinvolvedthatsomeTEDtalksmightnotbepublishedB.thehostoftheconferenceisonewhoplaysasupportiveroletothespeakersC.TEDiscriticizedforgivingspecialtreatmenttothewealthyorpowerfulD.thenegativecommentsonTEDgreatlyaffectsitsreputation（4）Thisauthorprobablybelievesthat________.A.TEDiselitistB.TEDisbeneficialC.TEDisn'timportantD.TEDisthebestwebsite【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了TED以及它的历史发展。（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Andat,youcanaccesslecturesbyartists,scholars,designers,techniciansandothers.”在，你可以访问艺术家、学者、设计师、技术人员和其他人的演讲。以及以下几个段落的内容，可知这篇文章的主题是“TED是什么”，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“TheTEDwebsitecamefromadesiretosharetheconferenceswiththeworld,to‘offerfreeknowledgefromtheworld'smostinspiredthinkers,’asthewebsiteputsit.”TED网站源于一种与世界分享会议的愿望，用网站的话说，就是“向世界上最有灵感的思想家们提供免费的知识”。可知，“TED大会是在网站成功之后召开的”这种表述错误，故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“TED,ofcourse,isn'timmunetocriticism.It'sbeencalledelitist(精英)foritshighticketprices.”当然，TED也免不了受到批评。它因其高昂的票价被称为精英主义；以及最后一段中的“AndaccusationsofelitismringhollowwhensomuchisgivenawayforfreeonTED'swebsite.”而当这么多东西在泰德的网站上免费赠送时，精英主义的指责就显得空洞了。可推断出，TED因给予富人或有权势的人特殊待遇而受到批评，故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Whateveritsfailings,TEDisasourceofinspirationalinformationforthosewhoseekitout.”不管它的缺点是什么，TED都是那些寻找它的人鼓舞人心的信息来源。可推断出，这位作者可能认为TED是有益的，故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读理解

ThesoundthatwokeDamianLanguellat8:15inthemorningwassoloudheassumeditcamefrominsidehishouseinWade,Maine.Ashegotuptoinvestigate,heheardanothersound,thisonecomingmostdefinitelyfromoutside.Lookingoutofhisbedroomwindow,henoticedatreeenvelopedinsmokeabout500yardsaway.Acarwrappedaroundthetree'sbase,itsengineonfire.

Grabbingbucketsofwater,heandhiswiferantothecrashsite.Upclose,theaccidentlookedworse.Thecarwassplitnearlyintwo,andthetreewaswherethedriver'sseatoughttohavebeen,asifplantedthere.Nooneshouldhavesurvivedthiscrash,andyettherewas20-year-oldQuintinThompson,histerrifiedfacepressedagainstthedriver'ssidewindow,invisiblepain.

Languelltriedputtingoutthefirewithhisbucketsofwaterbutfailed.Whentheflamesgotintothefrontseats,heknewhehadtogettheyoungmanout.SoLanguellopenedthecar'sbackdoorandclimbedin.Usingapocketknifehe'dbroughtwithhim,hecutthroughThompson'sseatbelt.NowthatThompsonwasfree,Languellpulledhimout,anddraggedhimtosafetybeforetheentirecarwasinflames.

ItisempathythatdroveLanguelltohelp,justashesaid,"MyheartgoesouttoThompson.Whenyouarethatclosetothatlevelofhurt,youfeelitsodirectly."Forhisheroicaction,Languellwasaddedtothelistofreal-lifeheroeschangingtheworld.（1）Wherewasthefirstsoundactuallyfrom?A.Ahouseonfire.B.Acarcrash.C.Thebedroomwindow.D.Thebasement.（2）WhatdoweknowaboutQuintinThompson?A.Hesavedhiscarfromfire.B.Hewassuccessfullyrescued.C.Heremainedcalmallthetime.D.Hewascapableofhelpinghimselfout.（3）Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"empathy"underlinedinthelastparagraph?A.Honesty.B.Wisdom.C.Sympathy.D.Responsibility.（4）WhichwordscanbestdescribeDamianLanguell?A.Daringandgenerous.B.Caringandgrateful.C.Courageousandnoble.D.Ambitiousandreliable.【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，DamianLanguell勇敢地救出了一起车祸中的幸存者QuintinThompson，因为他的英勇行为，Languell被列入了现实生活中改变世界的英雄名单。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ThesoundthatwokeDamianLanguellat8:15inthemorningwassoloudheassumeditcamefrominsidehishouseinWade,Maine.”清晨8点15分，DamianLanguell被吵醒的声音太大了，以至于他以为那声音是从缅因州Wade的家中传出来的；以及“Acarwrappedaroundthetree'sbase,itsengineonfire.”一辆汽车绕在树的底部，发动机着火了，可推知，第一个声音实际上是车祸发出的。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“NowthatThompsonwasfree,Languellpulledhimout,anddraggedhimtosafetybeforetheentirecarwasinflames.”现在Thompson自由了，Languell把他拉了出来，在整辆车起火之前把他拉到安全的地方，可知，QuintinThompson成功获救。故选B。（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“MyheartgoesouttoThompson.Whenyouarethatclosetothatlevelofhurt,youfeelitsodirectly.”我很同情汤普森。当你接近那种程度的伤害时，你会直接感受到)可推知，正是这种同情心促使Languell伸出援手的，可知，划线单词意思为“同情心”。故选C。（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“SoLanguellopenedthecar'sbackdoorandclimbedin.Usingapocketknifehe'dbroughtwithhim,hecutthroughThompson'sseatbelt.NowthatThompsonwasfree,Languellpulledhimout,anddraggedhimtosafetybeforetheentirecarwasinflames.”他用随身携带的小刀割断了Thompson的安全带。现在Thompson自由了，Languell把他拉了出来，在整辆车起火之前把他拉到安全的地方)可知，Languell不怕危险将Thompson从车里救了出来。由此可知，Languell很勇敢；根据最后一段中Forhisheroicaction,Languellwasaddedtothelistofreal-lifeheroeschangingtheworld.(因为他的英勇行为，朗格尔被列入了现实生活中改变世界的英雄名单可推知，Languell的行为很高尚。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解

Thesettingwasapackedgymnasiumjustbeforethestartofagameagainstanotherschool.TherewerefivegirlswhoweremembersoftheDanvilleHighSchoolbasketballteam—allofthemstarters.Theywerenotinuniformtoplaythatnightandwouldnotbeontheteamfortherestofthisseason.Theyweretheretoadmittheirbreakingofteamrules.Theyweretheretosupporttheircoach'sdecisiontotakethemofftheteam.Theyweretheretoletthetownknowtherewasaproblemintheirlittlecommunitythatneededtobeaddressed.Andtheydiditwithsincereregretratherthandefensiveness.

WhiletheschoolhadbeenoutfortheNewYear'sholiday,thefivegirlshadgonetothepartywithseveraloftheirfriends.Therewasalcoholthere.Andtheyalldranksome.

CoachRainvillehasazerotoleranceruleondrugsandalcoholforhermembersthoughitwasaharddecisiontomake.Whenclassesresumedandaccountsofholidaypartieswereshared,rumorsaboutthefivegirlsbeganclosinginonthem.Thecoachsaidshecouldn'tbackdownonherrules.Andtheplayers—twojuniorstudentsandthreeseniorstudents—agreed.Thatnightinthegymwaspartoftheirpublicsupportofthecoach'sdecision.

“Wehopeyouwillunderstandthatwearenotbadkids.Whatwedidwasdefinitelynotworthit.Wehopethiseventwillmakeeveryonerealizethatthereisabigdrugandalcoholprobleminourcommunity,”oneoftheseniorstudentssaid,“Andifyouworkwithustotrytosolvethisproblem,youwillhelpusfeelthatwehavenotbeenthrownoffourbasketballteamfornothing.”Thefiveleftthefloortodeafeningapplause.

Theteammaynotwinanothergamethisyear.Butthey'velearntsomethingaboutpersonalresponsibility,theeffectofone'sactiononothers,andhonestythatwillservethemwellthroughoutlife.（1）Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthefivegirlswhowerekickedofftheteamwere________.A.

verygoodplayersontheteam

B.

addictedtoalcoholanddrugsC.

threejuniorstudentsandtwoseniorstudents

D.

scoldedbytheirparentsfordrinkingalcohol（2）Whatdidthegirlsdotosupporttheircoach'sdecision?A.

Theydidn'tfightforDanvilleHighSchoolanymore.

B.

Theyallgavespeechestoapologizeinthelocalpress.C.

Theyadmittedtheirmistakeinpublicinthegymnasium.

D.

Theywouldneverdrinkanyalcoholthroughouttheirlife.（3）WhichwordbestdescribesthecoachRainville?A.

Indifferent.

B.

Strict.

C.

Stubborn.

D.

Cruel.（4）Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

Growingupwithpain

B.

AbadmistakeC.

Teamrulesareeverything

D.

Basketballgirlsinhighschool【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，五个女孩在假期期间违反团队纪律喝酒，教练对于队员破坏纪律零容忍，责令她们离开团队。五个女孩接受了处罚，并做出了公开道歉。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Theyweretheretoadmittheirbreakingofteamrules.Theyweretheretosupporttheircoach'sdecisiontotakethemofftheteam.Theyweretheretoletthetownknowtherewasaproblemintheirlittlecommunitythatneededtobeaddressed.Andtheydiditwithsincereregretratherthandefensiveness.Theyweretheretoadmittheirbreakingofteamrules.Theyweretheretosupporttheircoach'sdecisiontotakethemofftheteam.Theyweretheretoletthetownknowtherewasaproblemintheirlittlecommunitythatneededtobeaddressed.Andtheydiditwithsincereregretratherthandefensiveness.”可知，这几个女孩是很好的队员，她们勇敢承认了违反了团队纪律，并支持教练把她们开除出队的决定。故选A。(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Thesettingwasapackedgymnasiumjustbeforethestartofagameagainstanotherschool.”和“Theyweretheretosupporttheircoach'sdecisiontotakethemofftheteam.”以及第二段中的“Thatnightinthegymwaspartoftheirpublicsupportofthecoach'sdecision.”可知，这些女孩在体育馆公开承认错误来支持教练的决定。故选C。(3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“CoachRainvillehasazerotoleranceruleondrugsandalcoholforhermembersthoughitwasaharddecisiontomake.”和“Thecoachsaidshecouldn'tbackdownonherrules.”可推断，教练对于队员吸毒喝酒零容忍，坚持将这个五个女孩从团队除名，因此推断她是严厉的。故选B。(4)考查主旨大意。文章讲述了五个女孩因为喝酒被开除出篮球队的故事，文章最后一段对这件事情做了总结，因此可知文章主要想告诉读者这些女孩通过这件事学会了负责任，了解了自己的行为对他人的影响，诚实会让她们一生受益。因此推断A项“在痛苦中成长”为最佳标题。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解TEACHANDTRAVEL:USEOURSPONSORSHIPTOBECOMEACERTIFIEDTEACHERINWEEKSwheretheworldmeetsWHAT'SINCLUDEDINTHESPONSOREDANGLO-TEFL(TEACHINGENGLISHASAFOREIGNLANGUAGE)SCHOLARSHIP:●Apartlysponsored,120-houronlineTEFLtrainingcourse●210hoursofreal-lifeteachingexperience●ATEFLcertificateuponcompletionoftheScholarship●FullboardduringAnglovilleprograms(threemealsaday)HOWITWORKS:APPLYChooseyourvenues(地点)andapplyonlineREFUNDABLECONFIRMATIONFEEPay69EURconfirmationfee(50EURRefundable(可退还的)onCompletion)TEACHINGPRACTICEGetAccesstoTEFLcourse&attendTeachingPracticewithAnglovilleTYPESOF'TEACHINGEXPERIENCE'

PROGRAMMES:AnglovilleJunior－idealfor18-35year-oldAnglo-TEFLparticipants.Youwillbetutoringteenagersaged12-18yearsold.Alotofgames,sports,conversationsandfuntobeexpected!AnglovilleAdult－idealfor30+year-oldAnglo-TEFLparticipants.Youwillbetutoringadultlearners.Mostdaysconsistof1on1conversationswithvariousprofessionals.MYCOMMITMENTS:Participantscombineseveral3-11dayprogramsintoalongerpackagerangingfrom4-8weeksintotal.Duringeachprogram,participantstalkonaverageforaround10-11hoursaday.ThemostimportantdifferencebetweenAnglovilleandatraditionalEnglishcourseisthatwedonotteachthroughbooksortheory.Wewillprovidematerials,butonlytohelpstimulate(刺激)diverseconversations.APPLYIFYOU:●Areaged18+forjuniorprogramsandaged25+foradultprograms●AreanativeEnglishspeaker●HavecompletedHighSchool●Haveabilitytocopewithchallenges,goodcommunicationskills,culturalsensitivityOpen-mindednessiskeytobeingagoodparticipantinAngloville.Ifyouenjoynewcultures,experiences,andpeople,thiswillundoubtedlybeawonderfulopportunityforyou.（1）WhatdoweknowabouttheAnglovilleprograms?A.

Mealsarepartlysponsoredbytheprograms.

B.

Confirmationfeewillbefullyrefundedlater.C.

1on1talksarearrangedforjuniorparticipants.

D.

Material-stimulatedtalksmakeAnglovilledifferent.（2）WhatisthedeterminingfactortobeagoodparticipantinAngloville?A.

Academicachievements.

B.

Communicationskills.C.

Culturalsensitivity.

D.

Open-mindedness.【答案】（1）D（2）D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文，介绍了有关Angloville项目的相关信息以及申请的条件。(1)考查细节理解。根据MYCOMMITMENTS部分中的“ThemostimportantdifferencebetweenAnglovilleandatraditionalEnglishcourseisthatwedonotteachthroughbooksortheory.Wewillprovidematerials,butonlytohelpstimulate(刺激)diverseconversations”可知，Angloville和传统英语课程不同的地方是我们不通过课本和理论进行教学，我们提供材料，唯一目的是刺激不同的交谈。结合选项可知，故选D。(2)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Open-mindednessiskeytobeingagoodparticipantinAngloville”可知，成为一个好的参与者的关键因素是思想开放，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

Wewantourchildrentosucceed,inschooland,perhapsevenmoreimportantly,inlife.Buttheparadox(悖论)isthatourchildrencanonlytrulysucceediftheyfirstlearnhowtofail.Considerthefindingthatworld-classfigureskatersfallovermoreofteninpracticethanlow-levelfigureskaters.Atfirstsightthisseemscontradictory.Whyarethereallygoodskatersfallingoverthemost?

Thereasonisactuallyquitesimple.Topskatersareconstantlychallengingthemselvesinpractice,attemptingjumpsthatstretchtheirlimitations.Thisiswhytheyfalloversooften,butitispreciselywhytheylearnsofast.Lower-levelskatershaveaquitedifferentapproach.Theyarealwaysattemptingjumpstheycanalreadydoveryeasily,remainingwithintheircomfortzone.Thisiswhytheydon'tfallover.Inasuperficialsense,theylooksuccessful,becausetheyarealwaysontheirfeet.Thetruth,however,isthatbyneverfailing,theyneverprogress.

Whatistrueofskatingisalsotrueoflife.JamesDysonworkedthrough5,126failedprototypes(原型)forhisdualcyclonevacuumbeforecoiningupwiththedesignthatmadehisfortune.Thesefailureswereessentialtothepathwayoflearning.AsDysonputit:“Youcan'tdevelopnewtechnologyunlessyoutestnewideasandlearnwhenthingsgowrong.Failureisessentialtoinvention.”

Inhealthcare,however,thingsareverydifferent.Cliniciansdon'tliketoadmittofailure,partlybecausetheyhavehealthyegos(自我)(particularlytheseniordoctors)andpartlybecausetheyfearlitigation(诉讼).Theconsequenceisthatinsteadoflearningfromfailure,healthcareoftencoversupfailure.Thedirectconsequenceisthatthesamemistakesarerepeated.AccordingtotheJournalofPatientSafety,400,000peopledieeveryyearinAmericanhospitalsaloneduetopreventableerror.Untilhealthcarelearnstorespondpositivelytofailure,thingswillnotimprove.

Butletusreturntochildren.Oneofthemajormistakesineducationinthe1970swastheattempttoequipchildrenwithconfidencebygivingthemlotsofsuccesses（settingthebarverylow）.Theconsequencewasthattheegoofkidsbecameboundupwithsuccess,andtheybecameunabletotakerisksandcollapsedassoonastheyhitaproperchallenge.

Weneedtoflip(翻转)thisapproach.Inacomplexworld,failureisinevitable.Itisthoseindividualsandinstitutionsthathavetheflexibilitytofaceuptofailure,learnthelessonsandadaptwhicheventuallyexcel(突出).（1）Thequestionraisedinthefirstparagraphisto________.A.

openupadiscussiononthetopic

B.

analyzethereasonforsuccessC.

expresstheauthor'sopposition

D.

doubttheabilitiesofthetopskaters（2）Whichofthefollowingisthestructureofthepassage?A.

B.

C.

D.

（3）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

Howwecanavoidfailureinlife

B.

WhatweshouldlearnfromfailureC.

Whyfailureisthekeytoflyinghigh

D.

Wherewefurtherimproveourselves【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论证了“失败是孩子成功的必须条件”这一观点。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Buttheparadox（悖论）isthatourchildrencanonlytrulysucceediftheyfirstlearnhowtofail.”可知，文章的中心论点是如果孩子想要真正成功，首先就要学会失败。后面以世界级滑冰运动员摔倒的次数更多来证明这一点，最后一句提出问题：为什么好的滑冰运动员反而摔倒的次数多呢？下文对这个问题做了回答，进一步阐明了文章的中心论点。很明显，这个问题就是为了引出下文对中心论点的论述服务的。故选A。(2)考查文章结构。第一段提出中心论点并以滑冰运动员为例引出第二段。第三段JamesDyson为正面例子证明：成功是建立失败的基础上的。而第四和第五两段分别以医疗和20世纪七十年代的儿童教育为反例证明：不经历失败就不会获得成功和提高。最后一段再次强调中心论点。故选A。(3)考查主旨大意。文章第一段即提出中心论点：theparadox（悖论）isthatourchildrencanonlytrulysucceediftheyfirstlearnhowtofail，中间几段以正反两方面的例子证明了该论点。最后一段又重新强调了该论点。很明显，文章的中心意思就是：失败是孩子真正成功的必要条件。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，文章结构和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Spidermonkeyshavelong,thinarmswithhooklikehandsthatallowthemtoswingthroughthetrees.Theydonothaveopposablethumbs(对生拇指).

Thebrown-headedspidermonkeyhasaprehensile(缠绕性的)tail,whichmeansitcangraspandcanbeusedlikeafifthlegtograbtrees.Duringtheday,thespidermonkeysearchesforfruits,whichmakeupthemainpartofitsdiet.Theywillalsoeatflowers,seeds,leaves,andsmallinsectsduringthedryseasonwhenfruitsaren'tavailable.Theyspendmostofthedaylighthoursclimbingandswingingthroughthehighbranchesoftrees.

Thebrown-headedspidermonkeylivesinalargecommunityofabout20to100maleandfemalemonkeys.Theysplitintosmallergroupsforfeeding.Femalesusuallygivebirthtoonlyasinglebabyeachyearortwo.Youngmonkeysarecarriedontheirmothers'stomachsuntilabout16weeksold.Thentheyarestrongenoughtorideontheirmothers'backs.Allbrown-headedspidermonkeybabiesarebornwithapinkfaceandears.

Spidermonkeyshugeachotherandwraptheirtailsaroundeachother.Theyareveryintelligentandhavestrongmemories.Theywerenamedspidermonkeysbecausetheylooklikespidersastheyhangupsidedownfromtheirtailswitharmsandlegsswinging.Theirgenus(属)nameisAteles,whichmeans“imperfect”.Thisreferstothefactthattheydon'thavethumbs.

Huntingthebrown-headedspidermonkeyisnowbarredinEcuador,acountryinnorthwesternSouthAmerica,buthumanshavekilledthemfortheirmeatforhundredsofyears.（1）Spidermonkeyslivemostlyon________.A.

insects

B.

fruits

C.

flowers

D.

leaves（2）Whatcanwelearnaboutspidermonkeys?A.

Theyhavefivelegs

B.

TheyliveinsmallgroupsC.

Theirtailscantaketheirweight

D.

Theirgenusisthesameasspiders'（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“barred”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.

Permitted

B.

Forbidden

C.

Encouraged

D.

Ignored（4）Wheredonewly-bornspidermonkeysstay?A.

Inalargecommunity

B.

IntreeswithhighbranchesC.

Ontheirmothers'backs

D.

Ontheirmothers'stomachs【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了蜘蛛猴。蜘蛛猴主要以水果为食，当水果不够时，也可以以花朵，种子，树叶和小昆虫为食。蜘蛛猴是群居动物，小蜘蛛猴挂在妈妈的腹部，直到它们16周大可以骑在妈妈的背上。但人类捕杀蜘蛛猴已经几百年了。（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Thebrown-headedspidermonkeylivesinalargecommunityofabout20to100maleandfemalemonkeys.”这只棕色的蜘蛛猴生活在一个大的社区里,大约有20到100只雄性和雌性猴子,故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Spidermonkeyshugeachotherandwraptheirtailsaroundeachother.Theyareveryintelligentandhavestrongmemories."蜘蛛猴互相拥抱.互相用尾巴包围。他们非常聪明有很强的记忆。他们叫蛀蛛猴是因为他们看起来像蛀蛛挂颠倒与胳膊和腿摆动尾巴。可以推断出他们的尾巴可以承受他们的体重。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Huntingthebrown-headedspidermonkeyisnowbarredinEcuador,acountryinnorthwesternSouthAmerica,buthumanshavekilledthemfortheirmeatforhundredsofyears.”蜘蛛猴互相拥抱,互相用尾巴包围。他们非常聪明,有很强的记忆。他们叫蜘蛛猴是因为他们看起来像蜘蛛挂颠倒与胳膊和腿摆动尾巴。故选B。（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Youngmonkeysarecarriedontheirmothers'stomachsuntilabout16weeksold.”意思是“年轻的猴子是在母亲的肚子直到16周大。”故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解

Shouldweallowmodernbuildingstobebuiltnexttoolderbuildingsinahistoricareaofacity?Inordertoanswerthisquestion,wemustfirstexaminewhetherpeoplereallywanttopreservethehistoricfeelofanarea.Notallhistoricalbuildingsareattractive.However,theremaybeotherreasons—forexample,economicreasons—whytheyshouldbepreserved.So,letusassumethathistoricalbuildingsarebothattractiveandimportanttothemajorityofpeople.Whatshouldwedothenifanewbuildingisneeded?

Inmyview,newarchitecturalstylescanexistperfectlywellalongsideanolderstyle.Indeed,therearemanyexamplesinmyownhometownofTourswheremoderndesignshavebe