英语阅读理解(社会文化)试题类型及其解题技巧及解析

英语阅读理解(社会文化)试题类型及其解题技巧及解析一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1．阅读理解

InIndia,oneofthemostsignificantfestivalsisDiwali,whichfallsbetweenOctoberandNovember.It'safive-daycelebrationthatincludesgoodfood,fireworks,coloredsand,andspecialcandlesandlamps.

InhonorofLakshmi,theHindugoddessofwealth,peoplemakespecialprayersonthefirstdaytoobtainblessingsforwelfare,succcss,andwell-being.Peoplewelcomethegoddessintotheirhomesbydecoratingentranceswithcolorfullanternsandtraditionaldesigns.Inaddition,manypeopletreatthemselvestofinejewelry,prayingforgoodfortune.Thosewhocannotaffordsomuch,seekoutcheaperitemssuchasclothesorhouseholdgoods.

TheseconddayofthefestivaliscalledKaliChaudas.Forsome,thedayprovidesanopportunitytodriveawaymisfortunefromhomesandbusinesses.Theydecoratetheirhomeswithclaylampsandcreatedesignpatternscalledrangolionthefloorusingcoloredpowderorsand.

Thethirddayiswhenthebiggestcelebrationsoccur,whichbeginearlyinthemorningwithavisittoatempletoseektheblessingsofthegoddess.Asthesunsets,festivalobserverslightuptheirhomeswithsmalllampsandenjoydelicioustraditionalfoodswiththeirlovedones.

Thefestival'sfourthdayiscelebratedinmanydifferentways.Friendsandrelativesvisitwithgifts,sweetsandbestwishesfortheseason.

AndthefinaldayofthefestivaliscalledBhaiOooj

Ithonorstheclosebondbetweenbrothersandsistersandisobservedwithtraditionalceremoniesandmoredeliciousfood.

ForchildreninIndia,DiwaliissimilartoChristmas.Theygetallentireweekofffromschoolandaretreatedtogifts,newclothes,amazingfood,and,inthepastatleast,alargenumberoffireworks.Itisnowonderthatthefestivalrankshighamongthecountry'sfavoritecelebrations.（1）PeoplecelebratethefirstdayofDiwalimainlyfor______.A.goodfortune.B.colorfullanternsC.expensivejewelryD.traditionaldesigns（2）What'stheprobablepurposeofcreating"rangoli"onthefloor?A.Todesigntraditionalpatterns.B.Toproducecoloredpowderorsand.C.Tohelpgetridofbadluck.D.Toproduceanopportunityinbusiness.（3）Whatisamanlikelytodoonthelastdayofthefestival?A.Exchangegiftsandbestwisheswithhislovedones.B.Bebusydecoratinghishomeduringtheday.C.Gettogetherwithhissistersandbrothers.D.Lightuphishomewithsmalllamps.（4）Whichofthefollowingmaynotbeareasonforchildren'sloveofDiwali?A.Havingaweekoff.B.GettingChristmasgifts.C.Enjoyingamazingfood.D.Settingofffireworks.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了印度最重要的节日之一——排灯节。（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的“InhonorofLakshmi，theHindugoddessofwealth，peoplemakespecialprayersonthefirstdaytoobtainblessingsforwelfare，succcss，andwell-being.”印度人庆祝排灯节第一天是为了获得生活，成功，为人方面的好运。故选A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Forsome，thedayprovidesanopportunitytodriveawaymisfortunefromhomesandbusinesses.Theydecoratetheirhomeswithclaylampsandcreatedesignpatternscalledrangolionthefloorusingcoloredpowderorsand.”在排灯节为了驱散家里和生意的霉运，印度人会在地上用彩色粉或沙子创造出rangoli形状。故选C。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“AndthefinaldayofthefestivaliscalledBhaiOooj.Ithonorstheclosebondbetweenbrothersandsistersandisobservedwithtraditionalceremoniesandmoredeliciousfood.”排灯节最后一天是纪念兄弟姐妹亲密纽带的日子。可知这天男子会和自己的兄弟姐妹在一起。故选C。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“ForchildreninIndia，DiwaliissimilartoChristmas.Theygetallentireweekofffromschoolandaretreatedtogifts，newclothes，amazingfood，and，inthepastatleast，alargenumberoffireworks.Itisnowonderthatthefestivalrankshighamongthecountry'sfavoritecelebrations.”印度孩子们喜欢排灯节因为

他们可以放假一周，吃美味食物，还有大量烟花，没有说收到圣诞节礼物。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。2．阅读理解

InIndia,mostofthewomenwearareddotbetweentheireyebrows.Whileitisgenerallytakenasanindicatoroftheirmarital(婚姻的)status,thepracticeisprimarilyrelatedtotheHindu(印度教的)religion.ThedotgoesbydifferentnamesindifferentHindidialects,and“bindi"istheonethatismostcommonlyknown.Traditionally,thedotcarriesnogenderrestrictionMenaswellaswomenwearit.However,thetraditionofmenwearingithasfadedinrecenttimes,sonowadaysweseealotmorewomenthanmenwearingone.

Thepositionofthebindiisstandardcenteroftheforehead,closetotheeyebrows.Itrepresentsathird,orinnereye.HindutraditionholdsthatallpeoplehavethreeeyesThetwoouteronesareusedforseeingtheoutsideworld,andthethirdoneistheretofocusinwardtowardGod.Assuch,thedotmeanspiety(虔诚)andservesasaconstantremindertokeepGodinthefrontofabeliever'sthoughts.

Redisthetraditionalcolorofthedot.Itissaidthatinancienttimesamanwouldplaceadropofbloodbetweenhiswife'seyestosealtheirmarriage.AccordingtoHindubeliefs,thecolorredisbelievedtobringgoodfortunetothemarriedcouple.Today,peoplegowithdifferentcolorsdependingupontheirpreferences.Womenoftenweardotsthatmatchthecoloroftheirclothes.Decorativeofstickerbindiscomeinallsizes,colorsandvariations,andcanbewornbyyoungandold,marriedandunmarriedpeoplealike.Wearingabindihasbecomemoreofafashionstatementthanareligiouscustom.（1）WhydidpeopleinIndiastartwearingareddotontheirforehead?A.Tostresstheirfamilybackground.B.Toindicatetheirsocialrank.C.Toshowtheirreligiousbelief.D.Todisplaytheirfinancialstatus.（2）WhatisthefunctionofthethirdeyeinHindutradition?A.Tohelptheothereyesseebetter.B.Tolooktothedistance.C.Toseetheoutsideworld.D.TopayrespecttoGod.（3）Whywasredchosenastheoriginalcolorofthebindi?A.Theword"bindi"means"red"insomeHindidialects.B.Redwasbelievedtobealuckycolorforhusbandandwife.C.ThereddotrepresentedthebloodofGod.D.Redstoodforawife'sloveforherhusband.（4）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutbindistoday?A.Bindisarenowusedtomakepeoplelookbetter.B.Bindisarewornanywhereonthefacenow.C.MostIndianwomendonotwearbindisanymore.D.MorementhanwomenwearbindisinIndia.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，大多数印度女人的眉毛中间都戴着红点，这种做法主要与印度教有关，它代表的是第三只眼，可以时时提醒信徒要尊敬上帝。现在眉心红点更多的是作为装饰品使用。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“InIndia,mostofthewomenwearareddotbetweentheireyebrows.Whileitisgenerallytakenasanindicatoroftheirmarital（婚姻的）status,thepracticeisprimarilyrelatedtotheHindu（印度教的）religion.”在印度，大多数女性的眉毛上都有一个红点。虽然这通常被认为是他们婚姻状况的一个指标，但这种做法主要与印度教有关。可知这种做法主要与印度教有关，所以印度人前额戴红点是展示他们的宗教信仰。故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，印度传统上认为人有第三只眼。以及“Assuch，thedotservesasaconstantremindertokeepGodinthefrontofabeliever'sthoughts．”因此，点作为一个持续的提醒，以保持神在信徒的思想面前。所以第三眼在印度教传统中的重要性是要尊重上帝。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“AccordingtoHindubeliefs，thecolorredisbelievedtobringgoodfortunetothemarriedcouple．”可知，根据印度教的信仰，红色被认为能为已婚的夫妇带来好运。故选B。（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Decorativeorstickerbindiscomeinallsizes，colorsandvariations，andcanbewornbyyoungandold，marriedandunmarriedpeoplealike．Wearingabindihasbecomemoreofafashionstatementthanareligiouscustom.”装饰物或贴纸贴纸有各种尺寸、颜色和变化，年轻人和老年人、已婚人士和未婚人士都可以佩戴。佩戴宾蒂帽与其说是一种宗教习俗，不如说是一种时尚宣言。可知，眉心红点现在更多的被用作装饰品。故选A．【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Moscowcityauthoritieshavebegunusingcomics(漫画)withcharactersfromRussianfairytalestoexplaintomigrants(移民)howtheyshouldbehave.Theysaya100guideisneededto"keepapositiveimage"ofthecityandcouldhelpreduce"tensions"betweennativesandmigrants.Butcriticshavepointedoutthatforeignmigrantsandnativesmayberegardedasantagonistsinthemanual(手册).

RussiansandmigrantshaverepeatedlyfloodedinMoscowrecently.Manymigrantsfromex-SovietrepublicsinCentralAsia,theCaucasus(高加索)andNorthCaucasus,arriveinMoscoweveryyear,attractedbythecapital'sjobopportunitiesandrelativelyhighsalaries.AsignificantnumberofthemworkintheRussiancapitalillegally.

ThenewguideinRussianseekstoexplainthe"dos"and"don'ts"tomigrants.Theyareurgednottocausetrouble,bystaringatwomen,oreatingortalkingloudlyonthestreets.Theyarealsowarnedthatthepolicemayroutinely(例行公事)stopthemtochecktheirdocuments.

Inthemanual,Russia'sfamous"threewarriors"aremeanttorepresentthecity'slawenforcementagencies(执法机关),whilePrinceYuriDolgoruky(ahistoricalcharacter)isusedfortoursaroundMoscow.Meanwhile,VasilisatheWiseandTheSnowMaidentestthereaderonRussia'slanguageandhistory.AspecialsectionofthebookexplainstheimportanceoffollowingMoscow'sstrictresidencyandemploymentrules,stressingthatmigrantscouldotherwisebedeported(驱逐出境)orbannedfromentry.

Themanualwaswrittenprimarilyforillegalmigrants,AlexanderKalinin,whoheadsthegroupSupportforWorkingMigrantsinMoscow,toldBBCRussian.

"Wewanttoraisetheirleveloflawawareness,"headded.

Migrantcharactershadinitially(最初)beenidentifiedasrepresentativesofdifferentnationalities,butthebook'sauthorslaterdecidedtodropthisideasoas"nottooffendanyone",saidMr.Kalinin.

"TheoldconflictbetweenRussianheroesandnon-Slavicinvadersisbeingrevived,"YevgenyVarshaver,amigrationexperttoldBBCRussian.Healsosuggestedthatthelanguageusedinthebookwouldbe"difficult"tounderstandforsomemigrantswhowerenotnativeRussianspeakers.（1）Theunderlinedword"antagonists"inParagraph1canprobablybereplacedby"________".A.

friends

B.

acquaintances

C.

cooperators

D.

opponents（2）PeoplefromothercountriescometoMoscow"________".A.

tofindwell-paidjobsB.

tohaveanewlifestyleC.

toenjoythefineclimateD.

toexperienceanewculture（3）Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout"________".A.

consequencesthemigrantsmaysufferB.

thepurposeofpublishingthehandbookC.

themeasurestoattractforeignmigrantsD.

charactersandtheirfunctionsinRussianfairytales（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.

WaystohelpforeignmigrantstosettleinRussiaB.

CharactersfromRussianfairytaleshavenewjobsC.

MoreandmoreforeignmigrantstoworkinMoscowD.

Moscowfairytalecomicstohelpmigrantsbehave【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"Theysaya100guideisneededto‘keepapositiveimage’ofthecityandcouldhelpreduce"tensions"betweennativesandmigrants."可知，他们说需要一份100页的手册来保持城市的积极形象，并有助于缓解当地人和移民之间的紧张关系，但批评人士指出，手册中可能把外国移民和本国人视为敌手，由此可知画线词词义为“敌手、对手”，故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Manymigrantsfromex-SovietrepublicsinCentralAsia,theCaucasus(高加索)andNorthCaucasus,arriveinMoscoweveryyear,attractedbythecapital'sjobopportunitiesandrelativelyhighsalaries."可知，很多移民涌入莫斯科是因为他们被莫斯科相对较高的工作机会和薪水所吸引，故选A。（3）考查段落大意。根据第三段中的"ThenewguideinRussianseekstoexplainthe‘dos’and‘don'ts’tomigrants."可知，新的俄语手册试图向移民解释该做什么和不该做什么，由此可知本段主要是介绍出版新手册的目的，故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的"Moscowcityauthoritieshavebegunusingcomics(漫画)withcharactersfromRussianfairytalestoexplaintomigrants(移民)howtheyshouldbehave."可知，本文介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。4．阅读理解

Amusicfestivalisacommunityeventfocusingonliveperformancesofsingingandinstrumentplayingthatisoftenpresentedwithatheme.Onthelistarethemusicfestivalsforfansaroundtheworld.Findyourfavoritenow!

FieldDay

January1,2018.Sydney

FieldPaymeansNewYear'sDayforyoungpeopleinSydney.Seenasthecity'soriginalmulti－stageparty,,it'sagatheringoffriendscomingtogetherforagreatfun-filledfirstdayoftheyear.There'sanairofhopeandpositiveenergyonaperfectsummer'sday.

TheEnvisionFestival

February22–25,2018,Uvita

TheEnvisionFestivalisanannualgatheringinCostaRicathataimstoprovideanopportunityfordifferentculturestoworkwithoneanothertocreateabettercommunity.Thefestivalencouragespeopletopracticeart,music,danceperformances,andeducation.Meanwhile,ourconnectionwithnatureisexpectedtobestrengthened.

TheMcDowellMountainMusicFestival

March2-4,2018,Phoenix

TheMcDowellMountainMusicFestivalisPhoenix、musicalcelera,onofcommunityculture.Sinceitsfoundingin2004fitistheonly100%non–profitmusicfestivaldesignedtosupport,entertainandeducatethecommunity.Thefestivalattractsthousandsofvisitorseachyearfromaroundthecountry,anditisanopportunitytoexperiencetrueculture.

TheOldSettler'sMusicFestival

April19-22,2018,Dale

TheOldSettler'sMusicFestivalisanationallyknownmusicfestivalforAmericanmusic.ThefestivalisheldinthecountryofTexasattheheightofthewildflowerseason.TheOldSettler'sMusicFestivaloffersgreatmusicandactivitiesforthewholefamily.（1）InwhichcitycanpeopleenjoyafunNewYear'sDay?A.

Phoenix

B.

Uvita.

C.

Sydney

D.

Dale（2）WhatisspecialabouttheMcDowellMountainMusicFestival?A.

Itencouragespeopletoreceiveeducation.

B.

Itisnotaimedatmakingmoney.C.

Itprovidesanopportunityforfriendgathering.

D.

Itfocusesonculturalexchanges.（3）Whichfestivalsareconnectedwithnature?A.

FieldDayandtheEnvisionFestival.B.

TheEnvisionFestivalandtheMcDowellMountainMusicFestival.C.

TheOldSettler'sMusicFestivalandtheMcDowllMcDowellMountainMusicFestival.D.

TheEnvisionFestivalandtheOldSettler'sMusicFestival.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各地的四个受欢迎的音乐节：讲述了节日举行的时间和节日特色。（1）考查细节理解。根据FieldDay部分中的“FieldPaymeansNewYear'sDayforyoungpeopleinSydney.”可知，FieldDay对于年轻人来说意味着新年，因此人们在悉尼能够享受有趣的新年。故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据TheMcDowellMountainMusicFestival部分中的“Sinceitsfoundingin2004fitistheonly100%non-profitmusicfestivaldesignedtosupport,entertainandeducatethecommunity.”可知，自从建立以来，这个节日一直是非盈利的音乐节。因此推断它的目的不是赚钱。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据TheEnvisionFestival部分中的“Meanwhile,ourconnectionwithnatureisexpectedtobestrengthened.”和TheOldSettler'sMusicFestival部分提到的“ThefestivalisheldinthecountryofTexasattheheightofthewildflowerseason.”可知，这两个音乐节与大自然有关。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。5．阅读理解

TheinfluenceofAmericaisincreasinginmycountry.SpanishpeopledrinkCocaCola,wearbluejeans,watchHollywoodmovies,listentoAmericanmusic,andeatfastfood,andtheydothesethingseveryday.

IthinkthatAmericanmoviesareagoodwaytospreadAmericanculturebecausepeopleareofteninfluencedbywhattheyseeinthemovies.Mostoftheprogramsanddocumentaries(记录片)wewatchonTVarefromAmerica,andmostofthemovieswegotoseearemadeinHollywood.

Inthelastfewyears,thegovernmenthastriedtoprotecttheSpanishmovies.Now,inourcinemas,atleasttwentypercentofthemovieswhichareshownmustbefromSpainorfromothercountriesinEurope.

AmericancultureisapartofSpanishlifenow.It'scertainthatmanythingsfromAmericaareasmuchapartofpeople'slivesasSpanishthings.Forexample,CocaColaisasfamiliartoeverybodyasanytypicalSpanishproduct.I'veknownaboutCocaColaformywholelife.

However,it'sdifferentwithWesternfastfood.Forexample,Idon'tthinkMcDonald'sisassuccessfulinSpainasitisinothercountries.Inmyopinion,oneofthereasonsmaybethelifestyleoftheSpanishpeople,TheSpanishpeoplenormallyeatathome.

Ontheotherhand,maybeMcDonald'shamburgerswilleventuallyreplacethefamousSpanishtapas.It'struethatineverycityinSpainyoucanfindaMcDonald's,anditismorepopularamongtheSpanishchildrenthanamongtheadults.Inanycase,it'sobviousthatAmericancultureisbecomingmoreandmoreapartofourliveseveryday.（1）Fromthefirstparagraphwecanknowthat

.A.

theinfluenceofAmericaonSpaincanbefoundeverywhere.

B.

mostSpanishpeopledon'tliketolistentotheirownmusic,C.

fastfoodspreadsfromSpaintotheUnitedStates.

D.

someSpanishactorsgotoAmericatoimprovetheiractingskills.（2）WhatplaysanimportantpartinthespreadingofAmericancultureinSpain?A.

Americannovels.

B.

Hollywoodmovies.

C.

McDonald.

D.

Americanmusic.（3）WhydidthegovernmentsetsomerulesforthefilmsshowninSpain?A.

ToprotectforeigncultureinSpain.

B.

ToearnmoremoneyfromSpanishfilms.C.

Tolimitthenumberofforeignmovie.

D.

TouniteEuropeanCommunities.（4）WhatdoyouthinkSpanishtapasmightbe?A.

Thenameofadrink.

B.

Thenameofarestaurant.C.

Aclothingbrand.

D.

Acertainkindoffood.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了美国对作者家乡西班牙有很大的影响，美国人的饮食习惯。穿着习惯和生活习惯都极大影响了西班牙人。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段可知，到处都可以发现美国对西班牙的影响。选A。(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“IthinkthatAmericanmoviesareagoodwaytospreadAmericanculture”可知，故答案选B。(3)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Inthelastfewyears,thegovernmenthastriedtoprotecttheSpanishmovies.Now,inourcinemas,atleasttwentypercentofthemovieswhichareshownmustbefromSpainorfromothercountriesinEurope.”可推断出，西班牙政府给在西班牙上演的电影制定一些规则是为了限制外国电影的数量，保护西班牙的电影。选C。(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Ontheotherhand,maybeMcDonald'shamburgerswilleventuallyreplacethefamousSpanishtapas.”可知，或许麦当劳的汉堡将最终取代著名的西班牙tapas，由此可推断tapas指西班牙的一种食品。选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，并进一步根据上下文进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解

EntrepreneurandCEOofTeslaandSpaceX,EldonMuskmayhavealittlemoretimeonhishands,ashe'sleavinghispositionontheboardoftheOpenAl,accordingtoablogpost.

ThedepartureislikelytheresultofTesla'smovingintothefieldofArtificialIntelligence(AI)，whichhesaidin2017wouldbethe“bestintheworld”andwouldevenbeableto“predictyourdestination,”Muskwillcontinueto“donateandadvisetheorganization,”OpenAIsaidinablogpostonFeb.20,addingthat“AsTeslacontinuestobecomemorefocusedonAI,thiswillavoidapotentialfutureconflictforEldon.

MuskandYCombinerCEOSamAltmanco-foundedthenonprofitenterpriseinDecember2015,itsmissionistodevelopsafeartificialgeneralintelligenceandensurethosedevelopmentsaremadepublic.OpenAIresearcherspublishedapaperonthesiteArXiv,org,detailingthepossiblesecurethreatsthatcomewith“malicious”AI.Infact,Muskhasheardthe“evilAI”alarmseveraltimes,OnAug.11，2017,hewarnedthatartificialintelligenceposesabiggerthreattohumanity,andhetoldagatheringofstategovernorsthatthegovernmentneedstoregulateAlbeforerobotsstart“killingpeople.”

Musk'sdeparturefromtheOpenAIboardcouldmeanbigthingsforTesla.AsEtonGoodbye,afinancialreporter,notedonFuturism,themove“couldsignalthatTeslaismoredeeplycommittedtotheirownAIprojectsthanwethought.”Headded,“Thosewhohavehadtheirearstoanyrumors(谣言)thatTeslaisreadytodelivervehiclescapableofLevel5autonomycouldtakethisnewOpenAldevelopmentasasignthatthecompanyisinchingclosertothatunapproachablegoal,”Nocompanyhasreachedthatlevelofautonomy,whichmeansthatadriverlesscarcouldnavigateanyroadunderanyconditionsandthatallthehuman“driver”wouldneedtodoistoinputadestination.（1）WhydoesEldonMuskleavehisposition?A.

TocreatesaferAI.

B.

TobuildpowerfulInternet.C.

Todevelopsocialcommunication.

D.

ToavoidapossibleconflictwithTesla.（2）WhatistheEldonMusk'sattitudetowardstheAI?A.

Ambiguous.

B.

Supportive.

C.

Negative.

D.

Sympathetic.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“malicious”inParagraph3mean?A.

Poisonous.

B.

Unpopular.

C.

Advanced.

D.

Traditional.（4）WhatcanweinferfromEtonGoodbye'scomments?A.

Level5autonomyisimpossible.

B.

TherumorsaboutTeslaismeaningless.C.

HehasnoconfidenceinOpenAI.

D.

Level5autonomycouldsethumandriversfree.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了传奇人物埃隆·马斯克和他的公司。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“EntrepreneurandCEOofTeslaandSpaceX,EldonMuskmayhavealittlemoretimeonhishands,ashe'sleavinghispositionontheboardoftheOpenAI,accordingtoablogpost.”和第二段中的“addingthat“AsTeslacontinuestobecomemorefocusedonAI,thiswillavoidapotentialfutureconflictforEldon.”可知EldonMusk离开他的职位是为了避免可能和Tesla产生冲突，故D。(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Muskwillcontinueto“donateandadvisetheorganization”可推知EldonMusk对于AI的态度是同情，故选B。(3)考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Infact,Muskhasheardthe‘evilAI’alarmseveraltimes.”可猜测出“malicious”的意思是有害的，故选A。(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Nocompanyhasreachedthatlevelofautonomy,whichmeansthatadriverlesscarcouldnavigateanyroadunderanyconditionsandthatallthehuman‘driver’wouldneedtodoistoinputadestination.可推出“Level5autonomy”将会让人类司机解放，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。7．阅读理解

Tobeagoodteacher,youneedsomeofthegiftsofagoodactor;youmustbeabletoholdtheattentionandinterestofyouraudience;youmustbeaclearspeaker,withagood,strong,pleasantvoicewhichisfullyunderyourcontrol;andyoumustbeabletoactwhatyouareteaching,inordertomakeitsmeaningclear.

Watchagoodteacher,andyouwillseethathedoesn'tsitstillbeforehisclass;hestandsthewholetimeheisteaching;hewalksabout,usinghisarms,handsandfingerstohelphiminhisexplanations,andhisfacetoexpressfeelings.

Thereareveryimportantdifferencesbetweentheteacher'sworkandtheactor's.Theactorhastospeakwordswhichhehaslearntbyheart;hehastorepeatexactlythesamewordseachtimeheplaysacertainpart,evenhismovementsandthewaysinwhichheuseshisvoiceareusuallyfixedbeforehand(预先).Whathehastodoistomakeallthesecarefullylearntwordsandactionsseemnaturalonthestage.Agoodteacherworksinquiteadifferentway.Hisaudiencetakeanactivepartinhisplay:theyaskandanswerquestions,theyobeyorders,andiftheydon'tunderstandanything,theysayso.Theteachercan'tlearnhispartbyheart,butmustinventitashegoesalong.

Ihaveknownmanyteacherswhoarefineactorsinclassbutareunabletotakepartinastage-playbecausetheycan'tkeepstrictlytowhatanotherhaswritten.（1）Fromthepassage,weknow______.A.agoodteachershouldbeagoodactor.B.agoodteachermaybeunabletoactwellonthestage.C.agoodactorshouldbeagoodteacher.D.agoodactormayactwellinclass.（2）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Agoodteachershouldspeakclearly.B.Agoodteachershouldsitstillbeforehisclassandspeakwithhisbodylanguage.C.Agoodactorshouldspeakasothershaveaskedhimtodo.D.Agoodactorshouldrepeatexactlythesamewordseachtimeheplaysacertainpart.（3）Theskillsofagoodteacherare______.A.drawhisstudents'attention.B.changehisvoicewhenneeded.C.actoutwhatheisteaching.D.alltheabove.（4）Thetitle(标题)ofthepassageis______.A.Howtobeagoodteacher.B.Howtobeagoodactor.C.Agoodteacher'sknowledge.D.Agoodactor'sbehavior.【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了教师职业与演员职业的异同。（1）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Ihaveknownmanyteacherswhoarefineactorsinclassbutareunabletotakepartinastage-playbecausetheycan'tkeepstrictlytowhatanotherhaswritten.”我认识许多老师，他们在课堂上是很好的演员，但在舞台剧中却表演不好，因为他们不能严格遵守别人提前写好的内容，可知，一个好老师不一定在表演台上能表演好。故选B。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Watchagoodteacher,andyouwillseethathedoesn'tsitstillbeforehisclass;hestandsthewholetimeheisteaching”看一个好老师，你会看到他常常不会静静地在教室前边坐着，他在教授的整节课上都会站着，可知，一个好老师不应该就在班级前坐着，所以选项B描述不正确。故选B。（3）考查细节理解。根据第一段可知，要成为一名优秀的教师，你需要具备某些好演员的天赋。你必须能hold住观众（学生）的注意力和兴趣点。语言要清晰，声音要宏亮、悦耳，而且收放自如。.而且为了让你所传授的东西更好地被理解，你应该能把你它表演出来。，故选D。（4）考查主旨大意。本文第一段提出了做一名好老师应该具有的天赋，以及通过与演员职业对比，说明做老师与做演员的差异。文章从前到后都在告诉我们如何才能成为一名好老师。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。8．阅读理解

Forallthepressuresandrewardsofregionalization(地区化)andglobalization,localidentitiesremainthemostdeeplyimpressed.Eveniftheendresultofglobalizationistomaketheworldsmaller,itsscopeseemstofostertheneedformoreprivatelocalconnectionsamongmanyindividuals.AsBernardPoignant,mayorofthetownofQuimperinBrittany,toldtheWashingtonPost,"Manisafragileanimalandheneedshiscloseattachments.Themoreopentheworldbecomes,themoretiestherewillbetoone'srootsandone'sland."

Inmostcommunities,locallanguagessuchasPoignant'sBretonserveastrongsymbolicfunctionasaclearmarkof"authenticity(原真性)".Thesumtotalofacommunity'ssharedhistoricalexperience,authenticityreflectsanoticeablelinefromaculturallyidealizedpasttothepresent,carriedbythelanguageandtraditionsassociatedwiththecommunity'sorigins.Aconcernforauthenticityleadsmostsecular(世俗的)IsraelistodefendHebrewamongthemselveswhilealsoacquiringEnglishandevenArabic.ThesameobsessionwithauthenticitydrivesHasidicJewsinIsraelortheDiasporatochampionYiddishwhilealsolearningHebrewandEnglish.Ineachcase,authenticityamountstoacentralcoreofculturalbeliefsandinterpretationsthatarenotonlyresistanttoglobalizationbutalsoareactuallyreinforcedbythe"threat"thatglobalizationseemstopresenttothesehistoricalvalues.Scholarsmayarguethatculturalidentitieschangeovertimeinresponsetospecificrewardsystems.Butlocalsoftenresistsuchexplanationanddefendauthenticityandlocalmothertonguesagainsttheperceivedthreatofglobalizationwithnearreligiouseagerness.

Asaresult,neverbeforeinhistoryhavetherebeenasmanystandardizedlanguagesastherearetoday:roug