八年级英语上册重点知识点练习

八年级英语上册重点知识点练习一、词汇与短语运用（一）知识点梳理八年级上册词汇围绕“旅行经历”“人物比较”“未来生活”等主题展开，需重点掌握动词短语搭配（如`goonvacation`、`feellikedoing`、`decidetodo`）、词性转换（如`difference`→`different`→`differently`）、易混词辨析（如`toomany/toomuch/muchtoo`、`somewhere/anywhere`）。（二）针对性练习1.词形转换填空用所给词的适当形式填空：(1)She______(feel)like______(eat)somefruitafterdinner.(2)The______(different)betweenthetwocarsisverybig.(3)Hehas______(little)moneythanme,butheishappier.2.短语辨析填空从`goonvacation`、`takephotos`、`tryto`、`becauseof`中选短语填空（注意形式变化）：(1)We______tothemountainslastsummer.(2)Hedidn'tgotoschool______hisillness.(3)Please______thesebeautifulflowers.(4)I______finishmyhomeworkbefore9o'clock.（三）答案与解析1.词形转换：(1)`felt;eating`（`feellikedoingsth.`表“想要做某事”，结合语境用一般过去时）；(2)`difference`（定冠词`the`后接名词，`different`的名词形式为`difference`）；(3)`less`（`than`提示用比较级，`little`的比较级为`less`）。2.短语辨析：(1)`wentonvacation`（“去度假”，结合`lastsummer`用过去式）；(2)`becauseof`（后接名词短语表原因，区别于`because`接句子）；(3)`takephotosof`（“给……拍照”，祈使句用动词原形）；(4)`tryto`（“尽力做某事”，后接动词原形）。二、语法知识精练（一）一般过去时（Unit1）知识点：描述过去发生的动作/状态，时间标志词如`yesterday`、`lastweek`、`twodaysago`；结构为“主语+动词过去式”（规则动词加`ed`，不规则动词需记忆：`go→went`、`do→did`、`have→had`等）。练习题：1.用动词的适当形式填空：(1)I______(go)tothebeachwithmyfamilylastweekend.(2)She______(notdo)herhomeworkyesterdayevening.(3)______you______(see)amovielastnight?2.翻译句子：(1)我昨天早上吃了一个鸡蛋。(2)他们上周没有去爬山。答案与解析：1.动词填空：(1)`went`（`go`的过去式为`went`）；(2)`didn'tdo`（一般过去时否定结构：`didn't+动词原形`）；(3)`Did;see`（一般过去时一般疑问句：`Did+主语+动词原形`）。2.翻译：(1)`Iateaneggyesterdaymorning.`（一般过去时，`eat`的过去式为`ate`）；(2)`Theydidn'tgoclimbinglastweek.`（“去爬山”为`goclimbing`，否定结构加`didn't`）。（二）形容词/副词的比较级与最高级（Unit3/4）知识点：规则变化：单音节词（如`tall`）比较级加`er`、最高级加`est`；多音节词（如`interesting`）比较级加`more`、最高级加`most`。不规则变化：`good/well→better→best`、`bad→worse→worst`、`many/much→more→most`。用法：比较级用于两者比较（`A+be+比较级+than+B`）；最高级用于三者及以上比较（`A+be+the+最高级+in/of+范围`）。练习题：1.写出下列词的比较级和最高级：(1)`tall`→______→______(2)`interesting`→______→______(3)`bad`→______→______2.用所给词的适当形式填空：(1)Tomis______(tall)thanhisbrother.(2)Thisis______(good)movieIhaveeverseen.(3)Sheruns______(fast)thanme,butIjump______(high)thanher.(4)Theweathertodayisnotas______(hot)asitwasyesterday.答案与解析：1.词形变化：(1)`taller;tallest`（单音节词规则变化）；(2)`moreinteresting;mostinteresting`（多音节词加`more/most`）；(3)`worse;worst`（不规则变化）。2.填空：(1)`taller`（`than`提示用比较级）；(2)`thebest`（`everseen`提示最高级，需加`the`）；(3)`faster;higher`（`than`提示比较级，`fast/high`为单音节词）；(4)`hot`（`as...as`中间用原级）。（三）条件状语从句（Unit10）知识点：`if`引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”：主句用一般将来时（`will+动词原形`），从句用一般现在时（描述假设的条件）。练习题：1.用括号内动词的适当形式填空：(2)They______(have)apartyifthey______(be)freenextweek.2.翻译句子：如果你努力学习，你会取得好成绩。答案与解析：1.动词填空：(2)`willhave;are`（同上，`they`为复数，`be`动词用`are`）。2.翻译：`Ifyoustudyhard,youwillgetgoodgrades.`（“努力学习”为`studyhard`，“取得好成绩”为`getgoodgrades`）。三、句型转换与翻译（一）知识点梳理需掌握特殊疑问句（对地点、时间、原因等提问）、同义句转换（如`Whatdoyouthinkof...?=Howdoyoulike...?`）、汉译英技巧（注意时态、固定搭配）。（二）针对性练习1.特殊疑问句：对划线部分提问（划线部分用`[]`标出）(1)Iwentto[Beijing]onvacation.→____________you______onvacation?(2)Shedidherhomework[fortwohours]yesterday.→____________didshedoherhomeworkyesterday?(3)Heislateforschool[becausehegetsuplate].→____________helateforschool?2.同义句转换：(1)IthinkEnglishismoreinterestingthanmath.→I______thinkmathis______interesting______English.(2)Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.→Theboxis______heavy______Ican'tcarryit.3.汉译英：(1)你觉得这部电影怎么样？(2)他跑得和我一样快。(3)如果明天不下雨，我们就去野餐。（三）答案与解析1.特殊疑问句：(1)`Wheredid;go`（对地点提问用`where`，一般过去时）；(2)`Howlong`（对时间段提问用`howlong`）；(3)`Whyis`（对原因提问用`why`，主句一般现在时）。2.同义句转换：(1)`don't;as/so;as`（否定转移，原句表“英语比数学有趣”，同义为“我认为数学不如英语有趣”）；(2)`so;that`（`too...to...`转换为`so...that...not...`，表“如此……以至于……”）。3.汉译英：(1)`Whatdoyouthinkofthismovie?/Howdoyoulikethismovie?`（两种表达方式）；(2)`Herunsasfastasme.`（`as...as`中间用原级）；(3)`Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,wewillhaveapicnic.`（“主将从现”，否定句在从句加`doesn't`）。四、阅读理解与写作拓展（一）阅读理解技巧细节题：找关键词（如时间、地点、事件）定位原文；推理题：结合上下文推断隐含意思；主旨题：抓首段/尾段的主题句。（二）阅读理解示例阅读短文，回答问题：Lastsummer,IwenttoQingdaowithmyparents.Wewenttherebytrain.Qingdaoisabeautifulcitynearthesea.Wevisitedthebeachandswaminthesea.Wealsoatelotsofdeliciousseafood.Myfavoritefoodwasthefriedfish.Westayedthereforfivedays.IhadagreattimeandIhopetogothereagain.1.Wheredidthewritergolastsummer?2.Howdidtheygothere?3.WhatdidtheydoinQingdao?4.Howlongdidtheystaythere?（三）答案与解析1.`ThewriterwenttoQingdaolastsummer.`（细节题，定位“Lastsummer,IwenttoQingdao...”）；2.`Theywenttherebytrain.`（细节题，定位“Wewenttherebytrain.”）；3.`Theyvisitedthebeach,swamintheseaandatelotsofdeliciousseafood.`（细节题，整合“visitedthebeach...atelotsof...”）；4.`Theystayedthereforfivedays.`（细节题，定位“Westayedthereforfivedays.”）。（四）写作拓展（旅行经历）题目：AHappyTrip要求：用一般过去时，描述一次旅行（含时间、地点、交通、活动、感受），80词左右。范文参考：AHappyTripLastsummervacation,IwenttoSanyawithmyfamily.Wetraveledtherebyplane.Sanyaisabeautifulcitywithblueseaandwhitebeaches.Wespentmostofthetimeonthebeach.Iswamintheseaandbuiltsandcastleswithmysister.Wealsotastedmanykindsoffruits,likecoconutsandmangoes.Thep