Part 1(3)英语教材课件

Mankinddesirestoexploretheuniverseinthehopeofknowingmoreaboutit.Asaresult,manysatelliteshavebeenlaunched,orbitingaroundEarth.Astronautshavebeensentintospacebyspacecraftandcarriedonspacewalks.Theydoexperimentsonboard,collectingsufficientdata.Meanwhile,somedatacanbetransmittedtoEarth.However,asaresultoflimitedresources,therearestillmanymysteriesintheuniverse.Inclosing,peopleshouldattachimportancetotheexplorationofspacetofigureoutunknownproblems.Part1ListeningandSpeaking—DiscoveringUsefulStructures阅读单词1.astronautn.宇航员;太空人2.rocket n.火箭;火箭弹3.gravity n.重力;引力4.frontier n.边境;国界;边远地区5.vehicle n.交通工具;车辆6.satellite n.人造卫星;卫星7.orbit n.(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围

vt.&vi.沿轨道运行;环绕……运行8.leap n.跳跃;剧增;剧变vi.&vt.跳过;跃过9.mankind n.人类10.agency n.(政府的)专门机构;服务机构;代理处11.data n.[pl.]资料;数据12.spacecraft n.航天器;宇宙飞船13.spacewalk n.太空行走;太空行走的时间14.jade n.玉;翡翠;玉器15.module n.舱;组件;模块16.muscle n.肌肉;实力;影响力17.solar adj.太阳的;太阳能的核心单词1.proceduren.程序;步骤;手续2.cm abbr.厘米3.launch vt.&n.发射;发起;上市4.giant adj.巨大的;伟大的 n.巨人;巨兽;伟人5.desire n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望6.signal vt.&vi.标志着;标明;发信号 n.信号;标志7.recycle vt.回收利用;再利用8.float vi.浮动;漂流;漂浮 vt.使浮动;使漂流9.otherwise adv.否则;要不然10.beyond prep.在更远处;超出运用词汇1.mentaladj.精神的;思想的→mentallyadv.精神上;智力上;思想上2.intelligentadj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的→intelligencen.智力;才智;智慧→intelligentlyadv.聪明地;明智地3.determinedadj.有决心的;意志坚定的→determinevt.查明;确定;决定→determinationn.决心;决定;确定4.transmitvt.&vi.传输;发送→transmissionn.(无线电、电视等信号的)播送,发送5.disappointmentn.失望;沮丧→disappointvt.使失望;使沮丧→disappointedadj.失望的;沮丧的→disappointingadj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的6.universen.宇宙;天地万物→universaladj.普遍的;全世界的;共同的→universallyadv.普遍地;到处7.independentlyadv.独立地;自立地→independentadj.独立的;自立的→independencen.独立;自主→dependvi.依靠8.lackn.缺乏;短缺vt.没有;缺乏→lackingadj.短缺的;不足的9.currentadj.当前的;现在的n.水流;电流;思潮→currentlyadv.现时;当前→currencyn.通货;货币;流行10.sufficientadj.足够的;充足的→sufficientlyadv.充分地;足够地→sufficiencyn.足量;充足→insufficientadj.不充分的;不够重要的重点词块1.lookup仰望;查阅2.determine/bedeterminedtodosth决定/决心做某事3.succeedindoingsth 成功做某事4.focuson 集中注意力于5.onboard 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上6.makesure 确保;确信;查明;弄清楚7.gowrong 出故障8.believein 相信;信任9.carryon 继续做;坚持干10.makegreatprogress 取得很大的进步11.inthehopeofdoingsth 抱着……的希望12.soasto(dosth) 为了;以便

13.figureout 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白重点句型1.之后,苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtoenterspace.2.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.3.尽管困难重重,科学家们希望能有更多有价值的发现,使得人类延续生存,直到未来。Despitethedifficulties,scientistshopetomakemorevaluablediscoveriesthatwillenablethehumanracetosurvivewellintothefuture.1.主题语境:人与社会——了解太空探索的发展历程2.语篇类型:科普3.课文内容分析:本文主要介绍了太空探索事业的发展,以及中国对太空探索做出的贡献和成就。本文一方面帮助学生了解人类为探索浩瀚的宇宙付出的努力(包括宇航员在探索过程中付出的生命代价,但是失败和挫折未能阻止人类探索太空的脚步);另一方面帮助学生了解我国在太空探索领域取得的辉煌成就以及对人类太空探索事业的贡献,从而坚定文化自信,增强爱国情怀和民族自豪感。阅读本文,有利于引导学生树立远大志向,刻苦学习,为中国未来的航天事业贡献自己的力量。答案:1.gress5.future()1.WhatcanbeinferredfromNeilArmstrong’swords?A.NeilArmstronghasmadeunbelievableachievements.B.Itiseasyforhimtostepontothesurfaceofthemoon.C.Humanbeingshavemadeagreatbreakthroughinhistory.D.Inexploringspace,theUSachievedmorethantheUSSR.()2.HowisParagraph2organised?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bycomparison.C.Bylistingnumbers. D.Bytellingastory.()3.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Thehistoryandfutureofspaceexploration.B.Theaccidentsinspaceexploration.C.Theimportanceofspaceexploration.D.Thevehiclesusedinspaceexploration.答案:1.C2.A3.A1.However,scientistsweredeterminedtorealisethatdream.然而,科学家们决意要实现这个梦想。★determinedadj.有决心的;意志坚定的determinevt.查明;确定;决定determinationn.决心;决定;确定Determinedtostudyhard,hedugaholeinthewallto“steal”lightfromhisneighbourtoreadatnight.他决心努力学习,在墙上挖了一个洞,从邻居家“偷”光以便晚上读书。Hewasdeterminedtobuildanewlifeoutoftheruinsofhiscareer.他决心从事业失败中爬起来,重新开始新的生活。Withadeterminedeffort,theyfinishedthethree-daytaskinasingleday.他们经过坚定的努力在一天内完成了三天的任务。[备用例句]①Asastudentinseniorhighschool,themostimportanttaskistostudyhard,whichdeterminesourfuture.作为一名高中生,最重要的任务是努力学习,这决定着我们的未来。②Weatlastdeterminedonthisproblem.我们终于决定了这个问题。·bedetermined(not)todosth决心(不)做某事(表示状态)bedeterminedthat...决心……·determinetodosth决定做某事(表示动作)determineon/upon(doing)sth决定(做)某事·withdetermination坚决地;果断地(1)句子语法填空①Wedetermined(work)twiceashardasbeforetomakeupforthelosttime.

②Hehasdeterminedworkingasavolunteerteacherinthecountrysideaftergraduation.

③The(determine)lookintheireyestoldusthatnothingcouldmakethemchangetheirminds.

(2)完成句子④桑德拉决心成为一名医生,并且她的坚持不懈得到了回报。(应用文写作·人物介绍)Sandraandherpersistencepaidoff.

⑤正是那种勇气和决心使他成为这样一个非凡的人物。(读后续写·主题升华句)It’sthatmakeshimsucharemarkablecharacter.

答案:(1)①towork②on/upon③determined(2)④wasdeterminedtobecomeadoctor⑤thatkindofcourageanddeterminationIamdeterminedtopursuemydreams,nomatterhowdifficulttheymayseem.Ihavedeterminedonapaththatleadstosuccess,andIwillnotgiveup.Mydeterminationisunshakable,andIamdeterminedthatIwillachievemygoals.我决心追求我的梦想,不管它们看起来有多困难。我已决心走上一条通往成功的道路,我不会放弃。我的决心是不可动摇的,我决心要实现我的目标。2.However,whilesuchdisastersbroughtmuchsadnessanddisappointment,thedesiretoexploretheuniversedidnotdie.然而,虽然这些灾难带来了许多悲痛和失望,但探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。◆disappointmentn.失望;沮丧disappointvt.使失望;使沮丧disappointedadj.失望的;沮丧的disappointingadj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的Asthetwinslookedaroundthemindisappointment,theirfatherappeared.当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时,他们的父亲出现了。Toherdisappointment,herbestfrienddidn’tcometoherbirthdayparty.令她失望的是,她最好的朋友没有参加她的生日派对。[备用例句]①Iamafraidyouareverydisappointedat/with/bymyoldbike.恐怕你对我的旧自行车非常不满意吧。②Weweredisappointedtolearnthatyoucouldnotcome.听说你不能来,我们感到失望。③Jackseemstothinkthisyear’sbasketballseasonwillbedisappointing.杰克似乎认为今年的篮球赛季会令人失望。·toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是indisappointment失望地·bedisappointedat/with/bysth对某事感到失望bedisappointedin/withsb对某人感到失望bedisappointedtodosth对做某事感到失望bedisappointedthat...对……感到失望(1)一句多译令他们失望的是,他们第一次尝试就没能做好母亲节的早餐。(读后续写·情感描写)①,theyfailedtocookaMother’sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt.(介词短语作状语)

②wasthattheyfailedtocookaMother’sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt.(what引导主语从句)

③TheyfailedtocookaMother’sDaybreakfastatthefirstattempt,.(非限制性定语从句)

(2)翻译句子④我们失望地发现博物馆关门了。

⑤汤姆没来,她无法掩饰失望之情。

答案:(1)①Totheirdisappointment②Whatmadethemdisappointed/Whatdisappointedthem③whichmadethemdisappointed/whichdisappointedthem(2)④Weweredeeplydisappointedtofindthatthemuseumwasclosed.⑤Shecouldn’thideherdisappointmentwhenTomdidn’tturnup. ★desiren.渴望;欲望vt.渴望;期望SinceyouhaveastrongdesiretolearnChinese,Irecommendthisbooktoyou.既然你渴望学习中文,我向你推荐这本书。Everyonehasadesireforsuccess.However,noteveryonehasthecourageanddeterminationtopursueit.每个人都渴望成功。然而,并不是每个人都有勇气和决心去追求它。Theteacherdesiredthatalltheexercises(should)behandedinbeforeschoolwasover.老师要求在放学前把所有的作业都交上来。·haveadesireto·desiretodosth渴望做某事desiresbtodosth想让某人做某事desirethat...(should)do...渴望/要求……①desire不用于进行时态,后接宾语从句时,宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。另外,含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。②desire作动词时,后只可接不定式,不可接动名词。③和desire一样,接名词性从句时,从句谓语动词用“(should)do”形式的动词有一“坚持”(insist);二“命令”(order、command);三“建议”(suggest、propose、advise);四“要求”(demand、require、request、desire)。(1)句子语法填空①Thedeterminedgirlhasastrongdesireknowledge.

②Mikedesired(find)ajobinthiscityandsettledthere.

(2)完成句子③得知你极其渴望学好汉语,我想给你一些建议。(应用文写作·建议信)Knowing,

I’dliketoofferyousomesuggestions.④失望的双胞胎想要他们的父亲告诉他们如何做三明治,父亲乐意地点了点头。(读后续写·动作描写)Thedisappointedtwinshowtomakesandwiches,andtheirfathernoddedwillingly.

答案:(1)①for②tofind(2)③youhaveastrongdesiretolearnChinesewell④desiredtheirfathertotellthemMysondesiresthatheshouldbeadmittedtothatfamousuniversity.Besides,hehasastrongdesiretomajorinmathswhileIdesirehimtostudyengineering.我的儿子渴望被那所著名的大学录取。此外,他渴望主修数学,而我想让他学工程学。3.In2022,thelaunchoftheMengtianmodulesignalledthebasiccompletionoftheTiangongSpaceStation.2022年,梦天舱的发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。★signalvt.&vi.标志着;标明;发信号n.信号;标志Thepolicesignalledthetraffictomoveforwardslowly.警察示意车辆缓慢前行。Assoonashesatdownatthetable,hesignalledtothewaitertobringthemenu.他一在桌旁坐下,就示意服务员把菜单拿来。WhenIputmyfingertomylips,it’sasignalforyoutobequiet.我把手指放在嘴唇上,这是让你们安静的信号。·signal(to)sbtodosth示意某人做某事signal(tosb)that...示意(某人)……·asignalforsbtodosth指示某人做某事的信号①signal一般指信号、暗号;②sign一般指一种具有固定意义的、简明的符号或标志,意为手势、迹象、标志等;③mark指在其他事物上留下的清晰可见的印痕或先天固有的标记、记号等;④symbol指作为象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。(1)一词多义:写出下列句中signal的汉语释义①Timoteohasanunusualjob—heisahumantrafficsignal.

②Thiswasasignalforhimtocontinue.

③Mandystartedafterhim,signallingtoJessetofollow.

④Thisannouncementsignalledaclearchangeofpolicy.

(2)完成句子⑤正月十五是元宵节,标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。(应用文写作·传统文化介绍)TheLanternFestivalfallsonthefifteenthdayofthefirstlunarmonth,theSpringFestivalcelebrations.

⑥我跑到车旁,拉住他的胳膊,示意他跟我走。(读后续写·动作描写)Iranuptothecar,tookhimbythearmand.

答案:(1)①标志②信号③示意④标志着(2)⑤signallingtheendof⑥signalled(to)himtofollowme4.Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity...由于缺乏重力,宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常脆弱……★lackn.缺乏;短缺vt.没有;缺乏lackingadj.短缺的;不足的(2024·浙江1月卷)Duetothelackofscientificproofconcerningtheirimpacts,noonehassucceededinwinningalawsuitagainstcloud-seedingcompanies...由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据,没有人成功赢得对人工降雨公司的诉讼……(2024·浙江1月卷)Thechiefcomplaintaboutonlinecoursesisthattheylackhumaninteraction.对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。[备用例句]①Shedidn’twinthegame,butitwasn’tforlackoftrying.她输了比赛,但并不是由于不够努力。②Shewasintelligentbutsufferedfromalackofambition.她很聪明,但却缺乏远大志向。·lacksth缺少某物·(a)lackof...缺乏……for/throughlackof...因缺乏……havenolackof...不缺乏……·belackingin...缺乏/缺少……lack作名词时常与介词of连用;作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态),也可用作不及物动词;形容词lacking常与介词in连用。(1)句子语法填空①(lack)sufficientoxygen,theastronautcouldnotcarryonwithhismission.

②Imustworkhardinthehopeofmakingupforlackofability.

(2)一句多译由于缺乏自信和经验,他完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。(读后续写·情感描写)③,hewasquiteatalossastohowtodealwiththeterriblesituation.(lackn.)

④,hewasquiteatalossastohowtodealwiththeterriblesituation.(lackvt.)

⑤,hewasquiteatalossastohowtodealwiththeterriblesituation.(lackingadj.)

答案:(1)①Lacking②a(2)③Forlackofconfidenceandexperience④Lackingconfidenceandexperience⑤LackinginconfidenceandexperienceThisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。◆“This/That/Itisbecause...”句型Fromspace,Earthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.从太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约71%都被水覆盖着。Tomhastostayathome.Thatisbecausehehasabadcold.汤姆不得不待在家里,那是因为他得了重感冒。Sorry,Ican’tattendthemeeting.ItisbecauseIwillgohometospendtheMid-AutumnFestivalwithmyparents.对不起,我不能参加会议。这是因为我将回家和父母一起过中秋节。①“This/That/Itisbecause...”意为“这/那是因为……”,其中because引导表语从句,从句表示原因。②“This/That/Itiswhy...”意为“这/那就是……的原因”,其中why引导表语从句,从句表示结果。③“Thereasonwhy...isthat...”意为“……的原因是……”,其中why引导定语从句,并在从句中作状语。that引导表语从句,从句表示原因。④“Thereasonthat/which...isthat...”意为“……的原因是……”,其中that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语或宾语,第二个that引导表语从句,从句表示原因。(1)句型转换Peterwaslatefortheclassbecausehewasstuckinatrafficjam.①Peterwaslatefortheclassandhewasstuckinatrafficjam.

②Peterwasstuckinatrafficjamandhewaslatefortheclass.

③Peterwaslatefortheclasshewasstuckinatrafficjam.

(2)翻译句子④简今天不想去野餐的原因是天气不佳。

⑤这就是他缺席比赛的原因。

答案:(1)①that/itwasbecause②that/itwaswhy③Thereasonwhy;wasthat(2)④ThereasonwhyJanewouldn’tliketogoonapicnictodayisthattheweatherisnotgood.⑤Thisiswhyhewasabsentfromthecompetition.人物心理描写(悲伤、沮丧、绝望)一、课文词汇1.alone独自的;孤独的2.sadness悲伤;悲痛;难过3.disappointment失望;沮丧二、补充词汇4.sorrowful伤心的5.broken-hearted极其伤心的6.depressed/frustrated沮丧的7.hangthehead耷拉着头8.beovercomewithsorrow悲痛欲绝9.havetearsinone’seyes眼里噙着泪10.burstintotears/burstoutcrying突然大哭起来11.hang/drop/lower/bend/bowone’sheadinsadness伤心地低下头12.tearsroll/run/stream/flowdownsb’scheeks眼泪顺着脸颊滑落13.sob/weepwithone’sfacehiddeninone’shands掩面啜泣一、课本原句1.“Arewealone?What’soutthere?”“我们是孤独的吗?外面还有什么呢?”2.However,whilesuchdisastersbroughtmuchsadnessanddisappointment,thedesiretoexploretheuniversedidnotdie.然而,虽然这些灾难带来了许多悲痛和失望,但探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。二、其他表达3.Hereyesarefloodedwithtears.她的眼里充满泪水。4.Shesuddenlybecamebroken-heartedwhenaskedaboutherparents.当被问起父母时,她突然变得极其伤心。5.Mariaburstintotearswhensheheardthebadnews.玛丽亚听到这个坏消息时,突然大哭起来。6.Uponhearingthebadnews,herheartached,tearsstreamingdownhercheeks.她一听到这个坏消息,就心痛得直流眼泪。7.Whenheheardthedisappointingnews,tearsofsadnesswelledupinhiseyes.当他听到这个令人沮丧的消息时,他的眼里涌出了悲伤的泪水。8.Eventoday,IwouldbeovercomewithsorrowwheneverIthinkofthedog.直到今天,我一想到那只狗,还会悲痛欲绝。1.当我听到这个消息时,我心碎了。泪水涌上了我的眼睛,我开始掩面哭泣。然而,我知道我必须坚强起来,继续前进。2.他坐在那里,沉默而悲伤。当他悲伤地低下头时,眼泪顺着脸颊滑落下来。世界在他身边转动,而他却陷在自己的悲伤中。答案:1.Iwasbroken-heartedwhenIheardthenews.Tearswelledupinmyeyes,andIstartedweepingwithmyfacehiddeninmyhands.However,IknewIhadtobestrongandmoveon.2.Hesatthere,silentandsad.Ashebowedhisheadinsadness,tearsfloweddownhischeeks.Theworldkeptmovingaroundhim,whilehewasstuckinhisownpoolofsorrow.课文二次开发利用课文语法填空Foryears,peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreabouttheuniverse.However,itwasnotuntilthemid-20thcentury1.travellingintospacebecameareality.On4October1957,USSRlaunchedtheSputnik1satelliteintospace.On12April1961,YuriGagarinfromRussiabecamethefirstpersonintheworld2.(enter)space.On20July1969,NeilArmstrongfromAmericasteppedontothemoon.Followingthis,manymoregoals3.(achieve).Althoughsomedisastersmadeeveryonesadand4.(disappoint),peoplenevergive5.thedesiretoexploretheuniverse.

China’sspaceprogrammehasmadegreatprogressinrecentyears.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldto6.(independent)sendhumansintospacein2003,7.YangLiweisuccessfullyorbitedEarthintheShenzhou5spacecraft.Later,Shenzhou6and7completedasecondmannedorbitandthefirstChinesespacewalk,followedbythevehicleJadeRabbitbeingsenttothemoontostudyitssurface.In2022,thelaunchoftheMengtianmodule8.(signal)thebasiccompletionoftheTiangongSpaceStation.Thismodernspacestationwillallowastronautstoconductlotsofsignificant9.(experiment),greatly10.(further)ourunderstandingoftheuniverse.

Thefutureofspaceexplorationremainsbright.答案:1.that2.toenter3.wereachieved4.disappointed5.up6.independently7.when8.signalled9.experiments10.furthering语法专项指导动词不定式作定语和状语1.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003,whenYangLiweisuccessfullyorbitedEarthintheShenzhou5spacecraft.2.Scientistsweredeterminedtorealisethedreamtoexplorespace.动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,有时to可以省略,其否定形式是nottodo。不定式没有人称和数的变化,但有语态的变化。不定式不能作谓语,但可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语。请你判断出以上句子中动词不定式在句中作什么成分。一、动词不定式作定语1.动词不定式作定语,常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语,表示尚未发生的动作。Letusgivehimsomethingtoeat.让我们给他一些吃的东西。(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclass...而且,我会不时地布置一些在课堂上完成的小组作业……2.当中心词为序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、thenext、theonly等修饰时,常用动词不定式作后置定语。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。Theonlywaytoconquerafearistofaceit.克服恐惧的唯一方法是面对恐惧。3.抽象名词plan、attempt、ability、chance、desire、determination、decision、way等后,常用动词不定式作后置定语。Tomhastheabilityanddesiretodochallengingwork.汤姆有能力和愿望去做有挑战性的工作。4.当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。Sheisanicepersontoworkwith.她是一个很好的合作伙伴。5.当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。Wemustfindapersontodothejob.我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。6.当名词与定语之间存在同位关系时。Mydesiretocarryonwiththeexperimenthasfailed.我继续做实验的愿望没能实现。①不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后需要加相应的介词。Hehasnopentowritewith.他没有钢笔写字。②不定式作定语时,如果句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,不定式使用主动形式表示被动含义。试比较下列例句。Haveyougotanythingtobuy?你有什么东西要买吗?(不定式tobuy的动作执行者是you)Haveyougotanythingtobebought?你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗?(不定式tobebought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”,因此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语)句子语法填空①Itisrecognisedthatheisthebestman(complete)thetask.

②Thankstoyourencouragement,Ifinallygotthecourage(face)allthechallenges.

③Thesystemhastheability(run)morethanoneprogrammeatthesametime.

④Couldyoutellmeaneffectiveway(learn)Englishwell?

答案:①tocomplete②toface③torun④tolearn二、动词不定式作状语动词不定式在句中作状语,主要用来修饰动词和形容词,也可用来修饰副词。在句中,不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等,可表示目的、原因、结果等。1.作目的状语,置于句首或句中,置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气,常与inorder或soas组成短语。Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。(1)置于句首时只用todo/inordertodo。表示否定时,用inordernottodo或soasnottodo形式。Iwalkedquietlysoasnottodisturbthebaby.我轻轻地走路,以免打扰到这个婴儿。(2)不定式作目的状语可转换为sothat/inorderthat引导的目的状语从句。Heworkedveryhardtopasstheexam.→Heworkedveryhardsothat/inorderthathecouldpasstheexam.他非常努力以便能通过考试。2.作原因状语,常置于一些形容词或过去分词后,来说明产生某种情感的原因。这类词常见的有happy、glad、fortunate、ashamed、surprised、sorry、delighted、disappointed、annoyed、proud等。WhenAnnaopenedherwallet,shewassurprisedtofindnothing.安娜打开钱包时,惊讶地发现里面什么也没有。Theyareproudtohaverealisedtheirdreams.他们为实现了梦想而自豪。3.作结果状语,多见于“too...todo...”“...enoughtodo”“onlytodo(表示意料之外的结果的发生)”“so/such...astodo...(意为“如此……以至于……”)”结构中。I’mtootiredtodowell.我太累了做不好。Thewindisstrongenoughtomovethesanddunes.风力大到能移动沙丘。Herushedback,onlytofindthebookmissing.他冲了回来,却发现书不见了。Wehavegotsoplentyoffoodastotreatourguests.我们有如此充裕的食物来招待我们的客人。注意动词不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别。①动词不定式作结果状语,强调的是一种意想不到的结果,通常与only搭配。Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,onlytofinditdidn’tfit.她着急地从包里拿出那件衣服试穿,却发现不合身。②现在分词作结果状语,强调的是一种顺承的、自然而然的结果。Thesnowlastedaweek,resultinginaserioustrafficconfusioninthewholearea.雪下了一星期,给整个地区造成严重的交通混乱。4.独立动词不定式多用作插入语,表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。Tobeginwith,shespoketooquickly,Icouldn’tunderstandmostofthewordsshesaid.首先,她说得太快,我听不懂她所说的大部分内容。句子语法填空①(learn)alanguagewell,youmustmakeefforts.

②I’mmorethandelighted(know)thatyouarecomingtoourschooltotakepartintheChineseCultureWeek.

③Thetravellerlookedupsuddenly(find)amonkeyinthetree.

④(tell)thetruth,Idon’tlikethecolouratall.

答案:①Tolearn②toknow③tofind④Totell1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)...visitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazed(find)theconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.

2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptions(choose)from.

3.(2023·全国甲卷)Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.

4.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Wearehappy(be)takingpartintheproject.

5.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbethere(help)eachother.

答案及剖析:1.tofind考查动词不定式。非谓语动词作形容词amazed后的原因状语,用动词不定式形式。故填tofind。2.tochoose考查动词不定式。options是名词,其后常用动词不定式作后置定语,表示“可选择的选项”。tochoosefrom的意思是“从中选择”。故填tochoose。3.toteach考查动词不定式。根据句意可知,此处表示“来传授知识或传递智慧”,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填toteach。4.tobe考查动词不定式。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,此处是动词不定式作原因状语。故填tobe。5.tohelp考查动词不定式。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填tohelp。句子语法填空1.Weclimbedtothetopofthetower(get)abetterviewofthearea.

2.WhatisthewayMarythoughtof(deal)withtheproblem?

3.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain(catch).

4.OurEnglishteacherhasmanyways(make)herclassesinteresting.

5.(catch)theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.

6.(help)thestudentstolearnChinesewell,ourschoolhasdecidedtodonatesomebookstoyourChineseclass.

7.Theycametotherestaurantafterwork,only(find)thatitwasbeingdecorated.

8.Asamatteroffact,theywereverysurprised(get)thenews.

[变式训练]Asamatteroffact,theywereverysurprised(inform)ofthenews.

9.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline(save)theirtime.

10.Hewasthelastone(hand)intheassignmentyesterday.

11.Astudyshowsthatbytheageofthree,mostchildrenhavethegreatpotential(understand)manywords.

12.Theairport(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

[变式训练]Theairport(complete)lastyearhelpspromotetourisminthisarea.

13.Whatdoyouthinkwecando(comfort)her?

14.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone(repair)firstisthelibrary.

15.Myfriendtoldmehehadalotofreadings(complete)beforetheendoftheterm.

答案:1.toget2.todeal3.tocatch4.tomake5.Tocatch6.Tohelp7.tofind8.toget[变式训练]tobeinformed9.tosave10.tohand11.tounderstand12.tobecompleted[变式训练]completed13.tocomfort14.toberepaired15.tocomplete课时作业(七)UNIT4Part1Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Thespaceshipwassuccessfully(发射)intoorbit.

2.Humanshavea(渴望)toexploretheuniverse.

3.(信号)fromspacearebeingstudiedbyscientists.

4.The(交通工具)aredesignedforspacetravel.

5.The(巨大的)planetappearsinthedistance.

6.The(当前的)technologyisnotsufficientforlong-termspacetravel.

7.(智能的)robotscanassistinspaceexploration.

8.Astronautsneedtobe(独立地)mindedinspace.

9.(思想的)preparationisimportantforspacemissions.

10.Ifyoufollowtheproper(步骤),youcancreatesuperarticles.

答案:1.launched2.desire3.Signals4.vehicles5.giant6.current7.Intelligent8.independently9.MceduresⅡ.语境填词1.Thesix(astronaut)onboardwillspendtendaysinspace.

2.Studentsshoulddosomethingtomakethemselves(mental)strong.

3.Sheisnotonly(intelligence)butalsohasagiftformusic.

4.Amazedathowskillfultheywere,Iwas(determine)tobejustasgood.

5.Hisperformancewasabig(disappoint)tous.

6.Drivenbyaburningdesireadventureandtravel,shelefthomeandstartedtotravelaroundinherearlytwenties.

7.Areyouquite(independence)ofyourparentsnow?

8.Hecametothebigcityinthehopefindingagoodjob.

9.Thebell(signal)thatschoolwasover.

10.Itis(universal)acknowledgedthatsmokingisbadforhealth.

11.Amongmodern(vehicle),bicyclesaretheclosesttopeople’slife.

12.(recycle)alsohelpscontrolenvironmentalpollution.

13.Ithinkthisbookiscompletely(lack)inoriginality.

14.Thebuildingis(current)beingusedasalibrary.

答案:1.elligent4.determined5.disappointment6.for7.independent8.of9.signalled10.universally11.vehicles12.Recycling13.lacking14.currentlyⅢ.情境写作1.那时,尽管困难重重,宇航员还是继续执行太空任务。Atthattime,theastronautthespacemissiondespitethedifficulties.

2.航天局希望能发现新的行星。Thespaceagencyisnewplanets.

3.宇宙飞船正在船上进行科学实验。Thespaceshipiscarryingoutscientificexperiments.

4.他将是第一个踏上火星的人。HewillbethefirstmanMars.

5.宇航员决心成功地完成任务。Theastronautthemissionsuccessfully.

6.令他非常失望的是,太空任务不得不因技术问题而中止。,thespacemissionhadtobestoppedduetotechnicalproblems.

答案:1.carriedonwith2.inthehopeofdiscovering3.onboard4.tosetfooton5.is/wasdeterminedtocomplete6.MuchtohisdisappointmentⅠ.阅读理解AInthesummerof1969,six-year-oldMikeMassiminowatchedwide-eyedonthetelevisionasNeilArmstrongtookthefirststeponthemoon.HeimmediatelymadehismumturnhiselephantschoolplaycostumeintothatofanastronautforHalloween.Asachildattractedbytheuniverse,hedreamtofbecominganastronaut.Buthiswishcaughtupwithhimwhenherealisedhedidn’thavetheidealskillsettomakeitasanastronaut:Hewasafraidofheights,hadpooreyesightandcouldn’tswim.GivenallofMassimino’sdifficultyinqualifyingasanastronaut,heworkedforadifferentcareer.However,whentheChallengerexploded,Massiminodecidedhewouldn’twaitanylongertorealisehisdream.NASA’seliteprogrammeofastronautsintroducesanewclasseverycoupleofyears.Ifyoudon’tmakeit,youwon’tbeconsideredagainuntilthenextround.Massiminofirstappliedtotheprogrammeinthe1980s.Eightmonthslater,hereceivedhisrejectionletterinthemail.Unsurprised,hebegancarryingoutspaceresearch,workingtowardshisPhDinengineeringatMIT.Heappliedagaintwoyearslaterforthe1992astronautclass.Hegotrejectedagain.Yearslater,fortheclassof1995,Massimino’sapplicationturnedoutunsuccessful.Theinterviewwasastoughasonewouldimagine.Massiminofailedbecauseofsomethinghecouldnotchange—nothaving20/20vision.Hedidn’tstopthere.Afterextensiveresearch,hehadvisiontrainingfornearlyayear,havingtakenadvicefromothersinthespacesciencefield,andhelpinghiseyesfocusmoreclearlyonobjectsinfrontofhim.SendingouthisfourthapplicationtoNASAlikeashotinthedarkwithanotefromhiseyedoctoronhisimprovements,Massiminogotacall.Theywouldlethimretakehiseyetest.Hepassed.“Makingadecisiontogiveuponmydreamaftercomingsoclosewasunthinkable,”hesaid,“Oneinamillionisnotzero.IknewthatifIgaveup,Iwouldalwayswonderwhatwouldhavehappened.”()1.WhatimpressedMassiminoattheageofsix?A.Theinventionoftelevision.B.AschoolplayinHalloween.C.Armstrong’smoonwalk.D.TheexplosionoftheChallenger.()2.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.NASA’sprogrammeofastronauts.B.Massimino’sworkingexperienceatMIT.C.NASA’sinterviewprocess.D.Massimino’sthreeunsuccessfulapplications.()3.HowdidMassiminoimprovehiseyesight?A.Byreceivingvisiontraining.B.Byhavin