【《辣木叶在动物饲料中的应用研究国内外文献综述》2600字】

辣木叶在动物饲料中的应用研究国内外文献综述目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\u19212辣木叶在动物饲料中的应用研究国内外文献综述 1123721.1辣木叶在反刍动物日粮中的应用 1287211.2辣木叶在猪日粮中的应用 1126571.3辣木叶在家禽日粮中的应用 2151981.4辣木叶在动物饲料中应用的限制因素 2辣木叶营养成分全面，几乎可满足动物所需的一切营养要求，辣木叶可作为饲料原料直接加工成饲料成品，也可以通过提取辣木叶中多糖、黄酮等功能性活性物质，以添加剂的形式应用于动物饲料ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[16]。1.1辣木叶在反刍动物日粮中的应用辣木叶主要以鲜叶、干粉以及青贮的形式应用于反刍动物日粮。K.Qwele等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Qwele</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>57</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[17]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>57</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546738">57</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Qwele,K.</author><author>Hugo,A.</author><author>Oyedemi,S.O.</author><author>Moyo,B.</author><author>Masika,P.J.</author><author>Muchenje,V.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Chemicalcomposition,fattyacidcontentandantioxidantpotentialofmeatfromgoatssupplementedwithMoringa{Moringaoleifera)leaves,sunflowercakeandgrasshay</title><secondary-title>MeatScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>MeatScience</full-title></periodical><pages>455-462</pages><volume>93</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]在山羊饲料中添加辣木叶粉，提高了山羊日增重、肌肉中SOD、CAT活性以及还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量，并能够清除ABTS自由基（93.51±0.19％）和DPPH自由基（58.95%）。Kholif等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kholif</Author><RecNum>29</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[18]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>29</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546230">29</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kholif,A.E.</author><author>Gouda,G.A.</author><author>Morsy,T.A.</author><author>Salem,A.Z.M.</author><author>Lopez,S.</author><author>Kholif,A.M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Moringaoleiferaleafmealasaproteinsourceinlactatinggoat'sdiets:Feedintake,digestibility,ruminalfermentation,milkyieldandcomposition,anditsfattyacidsprofile</title><secondary-title>SmallRuminantResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SmallRuminantResearch</full-title></periodical><pages>129-137</pages><volume>2015</volume><number>129</number><dates></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[18]在泌乳山羊日粮中添加0（对照）、10%、15%、20%的辣木叶，与对照组相比，15%、20%剂量组增加了羊的采食量、羊奶中不饱和脂肪酸和共轭亚油酸，并降低了饱和脂肪酸的含量；15%剂量组显著提高山羊的产奶量、提高了山羊对干物质、有机物和纤维素的消化率；并且15%剂量组山羊的瘤胃pH、挥发性脂肪酸和丙酸酯浓度升高，尿素氮和胆固醇浓度降低。Kholif认为泌乳山羊最适添加量为15%。Akinyemi等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Fadiyimu</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>39</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[19]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>39</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546432">39</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Fadiyimu,AkinyemiA</author><author>Alokan,JuliusA</author><author>Fajemisin,AdebowaleN</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Digestibility,NitrogenbalanceandhaematologicalprofileofWestAfricandwarfsheepfeddietarylevelsofMoringaoleiferaassupplementtoPanicummaximum</title><secondary-title>JournalofAmericanScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofAmericanScience</full-title></periodical><pages>634-643</pages><volume>6</volume><number>10</number><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[19]在绵羊日粮中添加25%辣木叶，显著提高了绵羊的平均日增重和干物质采食量，并改善了绵羊的血液生理生化指标。Nadir等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Sánchez</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>40</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[20]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>40</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546444">40</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sánchez,NadirReyes</author><author>Rndly,EvaSpö</author><author>Ledin,Inger</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectoffeedingdifferentlevelsoffoliageofMoringaoleiferatocreoledairycowsonintake,digestibility,milkproductionandcomposition</title><secondary-title>LivestockScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>LivestockScience</full-title></periodical><pages>24-31</pages><volume>101</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[20]在奶牛日粮中分别添加2kg和3kg的辣木叶（以干物质为基础），干物质采食量分别由不添加辣木叶时的8.5kg/d，分别增加到了10.2kg/d、11.0kg/d。牛奶产量从3.1kg/d增加到4.5kg/d、5.1kg/d；同时提高了营养成分的表观消化率，并在不影响牛奶成分的前提下增加产奶量。而Mendieta等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Sebola</Author><RecNum>54</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[21]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>54</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546697">54</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sebola,N.A.</author><author>Mlambo,V.</author><author>Mokoboki,H.K.</author><author>Muchenje,V.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>GrowthperformanceandcarcasscharacteristicsofthreechickenstrainsinresponsetoincrementallevelsofdietaryMoringaoleiferaleafmeal</title><secondary-title>LivestockScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>LivestockScience</full-title></periodical><pages>202-208</pages><volume>2015</volume><number>178</number><dates></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[21]用20%辣木叶代替豆粕后，奶牛的蛋白质消化率明显降低。张幸怡等ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[22]用辣木梗叶替代基础饲粮中一半的苜蓿，结果表明，与对照组相比，干物质采食量、产奶量、机体免疫和抗氧化能力显著增加，同时奶牛的血液生化指标也得到相应的改善。1.2辣木叶在猪日粮中的应用Mukumb等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Mukumbo</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>43</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[23]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>43</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546543">43</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mukumbo,Fe</author><author>Maphosa,V</author><author>Hugo,A</author><author>Nkukwana,Tt</author><author>Mabusela,Tp</author><author>Muchenje,V</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectofMoringaoleiferaleafmealonfinisherpiggrowthperformance,meatquality,shelflifeandfattyacidcompositionofpork</title><secondary-title>SouthAfricanJournalofAnimalScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SouthAfricanJournalofAnimalScience</full-title></periodical><pages>388-400</pages><volume>44</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">DOI</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">：</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">10.4314/sajas.v44i4.9</style></electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[23]研究发现，在猪饲粮中添加不超过5%的辣木叶对肥育猪的胴体重、饲粮转化率以及肌肉品质无不良影响，并且能延长猪肉的保质期；张婷婷等ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[24]在肥育猪日粮中添加0（对照）、3%、6%、9%的辣木叶，结果显示，辣木叶的最适添加量为6%，6%添加组猪的终末体重和平均日增重显著提高、胴体直长增加、背膘厚度显著降低，且显著提高肌肉、血清抗氧化能力。Gomes等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Gomes</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>132</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[25]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>132</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1614737228">132</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>GSGomes</author><author>GNyoman</author><author>GBidura</author><author>CDArajo</author><author>MCode</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectofMoringaoleiferaleaffloursupplementationindietsonthecharacteristicsofthelocalpigcarcassinEastTimor</title><secondary-title>InternationalJournalofFaunaandBiologicalStudies</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalJournalofFaunaandBiologicalStudies</full-title></periodical><pages>37-42</pages><volume>7</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2020</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[25]在东帝汶本地猪日粮中分别添加0%、3%、6%、9%的辣木叶，结果表明，在基础饲粮中添加6%辣木叶，可增加东帝汶本地猪的胴体重、屠宰重和胴体百分率。也有研究表示出了相反的结果，如当辣木叶添加量增加到7.5%时显著降低肥育猪的采食量和饲料转化率[21]。Gomes等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Gomes</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>132</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[25]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>132</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1614737228">132</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>GSGomes</author><author>GNyoman</author><author>GBidura</author><author>CDArajo</author><author>MCode</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectofMoringaoleiferaleaffloursupplementationindietsonthecharacteristicsofthelocalpigcarcassinEastTimor</title><secondary-title>InternationalJournalofFaunaandBiologicalStudies</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalJournalofFaunaandBiologicalStudies</full-title></periodical><pages>37-42</pages><volume>7</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2020</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[25]研究结果显示添加6%辣木叶粉，猪的胴体比率为71.66±1.54%，低于Silalahi和Singa等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Sinaga</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>133</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[26]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>133</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1614739684">133</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Sinaga,MarsudinSilalahiDanS.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PengaruhPemberianTepungKulitBuahPepaya(Caricapapaya)dalamRansumBabiPeriodeFinisherterhadapPersentaseKarkasTebalLemakPunggungdanLuasUratDagingMataRusuk</title><secondary-title>Jitv</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Jitv</full-title></periodical><pages>680-685</pages><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[26]的77.17%以及Aritoang等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Aritonang</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>134</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[27]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>134</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1614739782">134</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Aritonang,S.N.</author><author>Pinem,J.</author><author>Tarigan,S.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PendugaanBobotKarkas,PersentaseKarkasdanTebalLemakPunggungBabiDurocJantanBerdasarkanUmurTernak</title><secondary-title>JurnalPeternakanIndonesia</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JurnalPeternakanIndonesia</full-title></periodical><pages>120-123</pages><volume>13</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[27]的77.15%。Ruckli等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ruckli</Author><RecNum>42</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[28]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>42</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546522">42</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ARuckli</author><author>GBee</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Moringaoleiferaasanalternativeproteinsourcetosoybeanmealinpigproduction</title><secondary-title>JournalofAnimalScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofAnimalScience</full-title></periodical><pages>60</pages><volume>2016</volume><number>94</number><dates></dates><isbn>0021-8812</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">DOI</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">：</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">10.2527/msasas2016-128</style></electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[28]用15.56%辣木叶替代豆粕，显著降低肥育猪平均日增重、日采食量和胴体重。1.3辣木叶在家禽日粮中的应用在家禽的饲粮中辣木叶主要以饲料原料、饲料添加剂ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[29,30]等形式出现。有研究表明，日粮中添加辣木叶粉能提高肉鸡的采食量、平均日增重和屠宰性能ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[21,31,32]，添加量不超过5%可改变肌肉脂肪酸分布并延长保质期ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Nkukwana</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>53</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[33]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>53</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546689">53</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Nkukwana,T.T.</author><author>Muchenje,V.</author><author>Masika,P.J.</author><author>Hoffman,L.C.</author><author>Dzama,K.</author><author>Descalzo,A.M.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>FattyacidcompositionandoxidativestabilityofbreastmeatfrombroilerchickenssupplementedwithMoringaoleiferaleafmealoveraperiodofrefrigeration</title><secondary-title>FoodChemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>FoodChemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>255-261</pages><volume>142</volume><number>jan.1</number><dates><year>2014</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[33]。Melesse等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Melesse</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>48</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[34]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>48</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546604">48</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Melesse,Aberra</author><author>Getye,Yoseph</author><author>Berihun,Kefyalew</author><author>Banerjee,Sandip</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectoffeedinggradedlevelsofMoringastenopetalaleafmealongrowthperformance,carcasstraitsandsomeserumbiochemicalparametersofKoekoekchickens</title><secondary-title>LivestockScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>LivestockScience</full-title></periodical><pages>498-505</pages><volume>157</volume><number>2-3</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[34]，添加110g/kg辣木叶在肉鸡饲粮中能提高生长性能。Obakanurhe等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Oghenebrorhie</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>49</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[35]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>49</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546616">49</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ObakanurheOghenebrorhie</author><author>OkparaOghenesuvwe</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofAnimalScience,FacultyofAgriculture,DeltaStateUniversity;</auth-address><titles><title>PerformanceandHaematologicalCharacteristicsofBroilerFinisherFedMoringaoleiferaLeafMealDiets</title><secondary-title>JournalofNortheastAgriculturalUniversity(EnglishEdition)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofNortheastAgriculturalUniversity(EnglishEdition)</full-title></periodical><pages>28-34</pages><volume>23</volume><number>01</number><keywords><keyword>Moringaoleiferaleafmeal</keyword><keyword>Cobbchick</keyword><keyword>nutrientintake</keyword><keyword>performance</keyword><keyword>conventionalproteinandhaematology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2016</year></dates><isbn>1006-8104</isbn><call-num>23-1392/S</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[35]用10%辣木叶粉替代8.6%粗蛋白，对肉鸡的生长性能和血液生理指标无不利影响。Dahouda等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Dahouda</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>45</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[36]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>45</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546566">45</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Dahouda,M.</author><author>Mankor,A.</author><author>Hane,M.B.</author><author>Chrysostome,C.A.A.M.</author><author>Bello,H.</author><author>Dieng,A.</author><author>Ayssiwede,S.B.</author><author>Houinato,M.R.</author><author>Hornick,J.L.</author><author>Missohou,A.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectsofMoringaoleifera(Lam.)LeavesMealIncorporationinDietsonGrowthPerformances,CarcassCharacteristicsandEconomicsResultsofGrowingIndigenousSenegalChickens</title><secondary-title>PakistanJournalofNutrition</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>PakistanJournalofNutrition</full-title></periodical><pages>1132-1145</pages><volume>10</volume><number>12</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">DOI</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">：</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">10.3923/pjn.2011.1132.1145</style></electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[36]分别用0（对照）、8%、16%、24%的辣木叶粉代替塞内加尔土鸡日粮中的花生饼粉，结果表明，辣木叶能提高土鸡的平均日增重。8%剂量组提高了饲料摄入量，而16%、24%剂量组的饲料摄入量却均低于对照组。也有研究表明辣木叶会对鸡的生长产生负面影响，如辣木叶超过5%会降低采食量ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Tesfaye</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>50</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[37]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>50</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546634">50</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tesfaye,Etalem</author><author>Animut,Getachew</author><author>Urge,Mengistu</author><author>Dessie,Tadelle</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>MoringaoliferaLeafMealasanAlternativeProteinFeedIngredientinBroilerRation</title><secondary-title>InternationalJournalofPoultryScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalJournalofPoultryScience</full-title></periodical><pages>289-297</pages><volume>12</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">DOI</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">：</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">10.3923/ijps.2013.289.297</style></electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[37]；高于8%会导致饲料转化率降低[31]；15%的辣木叶会降低蛋鸡的产蛋率ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Khaled</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>13</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[38]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>13</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="zp9f2zetj9papleafx6xasf7wr22s9pdzxaw"timestamp="1606897690">13</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>AbollezKhaled</author><author>FrancoSarmiento</author><author>SolorioFrancisco</author><author>Santos-RicaldeRonald</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>NutritionaleffectsofdietaryinclusionofLeucaenaleucocephalaandMoringaoleiferaleafmealonRhodeIslandRedhens'performance</title><secondary-title>CubanJournalofAgriculturalence</secondary-title></titles><pages>163-169</pages><volume>45</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[38]。Gakuya等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>D.W.Gakuya</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>51</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[39]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>51</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546656">51</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>D.W.Gakuya</author><author>P.N.Mbugua</author><author>S.M.Mwaniki</author><author>S.G.Kiama</author><author>A.Njuguna</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectofsupplementationofMoringaoleifera(LAM)leafmealinlayerchickenfeed</title><secondary-title>InternationalJournalofPoultryScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalJournalofPoultryScience</full-title></periodical><pages>379-384</pages><volume>13</volume><number>7</number><dates><year>2014</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">DOI</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">：</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">10.3923/ijps.2014.208.213</style></electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[39]在蛋鸡日粮中分别添加0、7.5%、15%、30%的辣木叶粉，研究表明，与对照组比，7.5%、15%、30%剂量组均会降低蛋鸡的体重、采食量和营养物质消化率。王志刚等ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[40]在鹌鹑日粮中添加0%~8%的辣木叶，结果显示，2%、4%添加组可显著提高生产性能，4%、8%添加组显著增强特异性和非特异性免疫功能并提高机体抗氧化能力。但当辣木叶达8%时，显著降低鹌鹑的生长性能，建议鹌鹑饲料中辣木叶的添加量4%较为适宜。1.4辣木叶在动物饲料中应用的限制因素辣木叶因品种、天气、生存环境、处理方式的不同，其营养物质含量和品质存在明显差异（表1-1）。将辣木叶应用于动物饲料时，因饲喂动物不同、辣木叶产地和品种差异、辣木叶添加形式以及替代饲料原料种类的不同，辣木叶的使用量有所差异，由1.1、1.2、1.3可知，羊饲粮中，辣木叶使用量为15%~25%；奶牛饲粮中，辣木叶使用量为20%~50%；在育肥猪饲粮中，辣木叶使用量存在差异，有研究认为低于5%的辣木叶对育肥猪无不良影响ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Mukumbo</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>43</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[23]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>43</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546543">43</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Mukumbo,Fe</author><author>Maphosa,V</author><author>Hugo,A</author><author>Nkukwana,Tt</author><author>Mabusela,Tp</author><author>Muchenje,V</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectofMoringaoleiferaleafmealonfinisherpiggrowthperformance,meatquality,shelflifeandfattyacidcompositionofpork</title><secondary-title>SouthAfricanJournalofAnimalScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SouthAfricanJournalofAnimalScience</full-title></periodical><pages>388-400</pages><volume>44</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">DOI</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">：</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">10.4314/sajas.v44i4.9</style></electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[23]，也有研究表明，6%辣木叶粉能提高育肥猪生长发育ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[24,25]，在家禽饲粮中，对辣木叶粉的添加量存在较大差异，如有研究结果显示，家禽饲粮中添加辣木叶粉不超过10%能提高生产性能、屠宰性能、改善蛋品质等积极影响ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[35,41]，相反的研究则认为辣木叶粉添加量不能高于5%ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Tesfaye</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>50</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[37]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>50</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546634">50</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Tesfaye,Etalem</author><author>Animut,Getachew</author><author>Urge,Mengistu</author><author>Dessie,Tadelle</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>MoringaoliferaLeafMealasanAlternativeProteinFeedIngredientinBroilerRation</title><secondary-title>InternationalJournalofPoultryScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalJournalofPoultryScience</full-title></periodical><pages>289-297</pages><volume>12</volume><number>5</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">DOI</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">：</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">10.3923/ijps.2013.289.297</style></electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[37]、8%ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>David</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>52</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[32]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>52</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546677">52</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>David,LS</author><author>Vidanarachchi,JK</author><author>Samarasinghe,K.</author><author>Cyril,HW</author><author>Dematawewa,CMB</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EffectsofMoringabasedFeedAdditivesontheGrowthPerformanceandCarcassQualityofBroilerChicken</title><secondary-title>TropicalAgriculturalResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>TropicalAgriculturalResearch</full-title></periodical><pages>12-20</pages><volume>24</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[32]，否则会对家禽造成负面影响。但无论是从反刍动物还是非反刍动物来说，对辣木叶的添加量都是有所限制的，即添加量比例过高，会对被饲喂动物造成负面影响（降低动物采食量、体重减轻严重时甚至引起动物死亡ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Gadzirayi</Author><RecNum>56</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[42,43]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>56</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="2p2rxxtshpvveme2pecxefe3evxz9xrt52zd"timestamp="1597546729">56</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gadzirayi,C.T</author><author>Masamha,B</author><author>Mupangwa,J.F</author><author>Washaya,S</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>PerformanceofBroilerChickensFedonMatureMoringaoleiferaLeafMealasaProteinSupplementtoSoyabeanMeal</title><secondary-title>InternationalJournalofPoultryScience</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalJourn