初中英语定语从句专题讲义与练习题

初中英语定语从句专题讲义与练习题一、定语从句的核心概念定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，被修饰的名词/代词称为先行词，引导从句的词叫关系词（关系代词/关系副词）。关系词的作用：①连接主句与从句；②指代先行词；③在从句中充当成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语等）。例：Thegirlwhoissingingismysister.（先行词：*girl*；关系代词*who*在从句中作主语）二、关系代词的用法（that,which,who,whom,whose）关系代词需根据先行词的类别（人/物）和在从句中的成分选择：1.指人的关系代词who：从句中作主语（主格）。例：TheboywhohelpedmeisTom.whom：从句中作宾语（宾格，非正式语境可省略或用*who*代替）。例：Thegirl(whom)youmetismycousin.that：既可指人也可指物，从句中作主语/宾语（宾语时可省略）。例：TheteacherthatteachesusEnglishiskind.（主语）；ThebookthatIboughtisinteresting.（宾语，可省略）whose：表所属关系，后接名词，从句中作定语。例：Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudieshard.2.指物的关系代词which：从句中作主语/宾语（宾语时可省略）。例：Thehousewhichstandsbytheriverisold.（主语）；Thepen(which)Ilostisred.（宾语）that：同指人时的用法，可指物（注意与*which*的区别，见下文“易混点”）。三、关系副词的用法（when,where,why）关系副词在从句中作状语，分别对应时间、地点、原因：when：先行词为时间名词（如*time,day,year*等），从句中作时间状语。例：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoschool.（=*onwhich*）where：先行词为地点名词（如*place,city,school*等），从句中作地点状语。例：ThisistheschoolwhereIstudied.（=*inwhich*）why：先行词通常为reason，从句中作原因状语。例：Thereasonwhyhewaslateisclear.（=*forwhich*）四、易混点与注意事项1.*that*vs*which*用*that*的情况（避免用*which*）：先行词为*all,little,much,none,nothing,something*等不定代词时。例：Allthatweneedistime.先行词被*theonly,thevery,thelast,序数词、最高级*修饰时。例：ThisisthefirstbookthatIbought.先行词既有人又有物时。例：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyoumentionedarefamous.用*which*的情况（避免用*that*）：引导非限定性定语从句（从句与主句用逗号隔开，起补充说明作用）。例：Thebook,whichIreadyesterday,isveryinteresting.介词后指物时（*介词+which*）。例：Theroominwhichhelivesissmall.（=*where*）2.关系代词vs关系副词关键看从句中是否缺成分：若从句中缺主语/宾语（动词后无宾语或主语缺失），用关系代词（*that/which/who/whom*）。若从句中主谓宾完整，缺状语（时间、地点、原因），用关系副词（*when/where/why*）。例：Thisistheplacewherewemet.（从句“*wemet*”主谓完整，缺地点状语→*where*）Thisistheplacethatwevisited.（从句“*wevisited*”缺宾语→*that*）3.介词+关系代词结构：*介词+whom*（指人）/*which*（指物），介词的选择由动词、形容词或先行词的搭配决定。例：Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyuncle.（*talkwithsb.*）Thehouseinwhichhelivesisbig.（*liveinsp.*）五、练习题（一）基础巩固（单选/填空）1.选择合适的关系词填空：Thegirl______iswearingareddressismysister.(*who/which/where*)Thebook______Iboughtyesterdayisabouthistory.(*that/where/why*)Thisisthecity______Iwasborn.(*where/which/that*)Thereason______hewasabsentisunknown.(*why/that/which*)Theboy______fatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.(*whose/who/whom*)2.单选：Iliketheteacher______classesareveryinteresting.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.thatThefilm______wesawlastnightwaswonderful.A.thatB.whatC.whoseD.whoThisisthebestbook______Ihaveeverread.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whatTheman______youmetjustnowismybrother.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whoseTheschool______hestudiedisveryfamous.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that（二）能力提升（改写/翻译/语篇）1.改写句子（用定语从句合并）：Iknowthegirl.Sheiswearingablueskirt.→Iknowthegirl____________wearingablueskirt.Thehouseisold.Itstandsonthehill.→Thehouse____________onthehillisold.Iwillneverforgettheday.Ijoinedtheclubonthatday.→Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedtheclub.2.翻译句子：这是我曾经住过的房子。（提示：用*where*或*inwhich*）→Thisisthehouse______Ioncelived.那个正在弹钢琴的女孩是我的朋友。（提示：用*who*）→Thegirl__________________thepianoismyfriend.他解释的那个原因并不合理。（提示：用*that/which*）→Thereason______heexplainedisnotreasonable.3.语篇填空（根据上下文选择关系词）：Annaisagirl______lovesreading.Shehasabookcase______isfullofbooks.Thebook______shelikesbestis*ToKillaMockingbird*.Thelibrary______sheoftengoesisnearherhome.Thereason______shelikesreadingisthatitbringsherjoy.参考答案（练习题）（一）基础巩固1.填空：*who*（指人，从句缺主语）*that*（指物，从句缺宾语，可省略）*where*（先行词*city*是地点，从句主谓完整，缺地点状语）*why*（先行词*reason*，从句缺原因状语）*whose*（表所属，“男孩的父亲”）2.单选：B（*whose*修饰*classes*，表“……的”）A（*that*指物，从句缺宾语）B（先行词被最高级*best*修饰，用*that*）A（*who*指人，从句缺宾语，可省略）B（先行词*school*是地点，从句主谓完整，缺地点状语→*where*）（二）能力提升1.改写：*whois*（合并为定语从句，先行词*girl*指人，从句缺主语）*that/whichstands*（先行词*house*指物，从句缺主语）*when*（先行词*day*是时间，从句主谓完整，缺时间状语）2.翻译：*where/inwhich*（先行词*house*是地点，从句主谓完整，缺地点状语）*whoisplaying*（先行词*girl*指人，从句缺主语，“正在弹钢琴”用现在进行时）*that/which*（先行词*reason*指物，从句缺宾语，“他解释的原因”）3.语篇填空：*who*（先行词*girl