2026届高三英语二轮复习课件：阅读之基本能力培养　第一讲　词-4方法扫除障碍词

能力篇

阅读之基本能力培养第一板块核心素养之阅读篇第一讲词——4方法扫除障碍词方法一

人名地名某某名,快速略过如果在阅读中遇见人名、地名、作品名(常用斜体)、报刊名(常用斜体)、物种名、机构组织名等,我们不需要弄明白其具体意思,可以根据上下文将其转换为“某人”“某地”“某组织”“某作品”等,加快阅读速度。这些词一般不会影响我们对文章大意的理解。典题示例(2025·全国二卷阅读A篇)Hereford,HerefordshireHereford

hasremainedalivelymarkettownsince1189.Skirtingthetownsquare,you’llfindlovelyshops,eateries,andthe

Black

and

White

House

Museum.TheHereford

Cathedralisthemostimpressivebuildingintown.It’salsohometoanancientlibrary.OneofthefouroriginalcopiesoftheMagna

Cartaisdisplayedthere.词汇清障某地(Hereford),某地(Herefordshire)某地(Hereford)自1189年以来一直是一个热闹的集镇。绕着城镇广场,你会发现温馨的商店、餐馆和某博物馆(theBlackandWhiteHouseMuseum)。某大教堂(TheHerefordCathedral)是镇上最宏伟的建筑。它也是一个古老图书馆的所在地。某文献(theMagnaCarta)的四个原始副本之一就陈列在此处。方法二

全然陌生障碍词,巧用逻辑如果在阅读中遇到纯粹的生词或生僻短语,我们可以借助上下文的逻辑关系猜测词义,常见的方法有利用定义、定语从句、同位语等猜测词义;借助对比、同义或反义表达猜测词义;通过因果、转折关系猜测词义;根据所举的例子反推词义。典题示例

(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇)He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(兽医)nowpracticing“holistic”medicine—combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩疗法)andherbalmedicine.词汇清障找准逻辑关系巧判词义:形容词holistic后紧跟破折号引领的动词-ing结构进行解释说明,结合下文“combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture”可知,此处“holistic”medicine表示将传统的西方疗法与针灸、按摩疗法和草药相结合的“全面”疗法。方法三

熟词探源引生义,借助语境课标词汇数量是有限的,但是高考对课标词汇的义项考查是没有限制的,命题者会在试题中使用一些学生熟悉的单词,但其含义是较为陌生的,需要学生结合语境仔细推敲来确定。典题示例(2025·全国一卷阅读C篇)Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市长)tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”词汇清障champion熟义为“冠军”,根据上文“calledonhermayor(市长)to”可知,此处champion为动词,再结合下文引号中的内容“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive...(把纽约当作一个适合居住的地方……)”可知,此处在介绍JaneJacobs呼吁市长去支持或捍卫一个理念,结合语境猜测此处表示“支持,捍卫”。典题示例(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇)LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.词汇清障condition熟义为“状态,情况”,根据上文“seriousheart”,再结合下文“hadaheartattack”和“Farber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssuffering...keephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths”可知,此处在介绍Charlie的心脏健康问题,结合语境猜测此处表示“疾病”。方法四

长难单词巧拆解,善用构词法典题示例派生法:由词缀(前缀和后缀)和词根相结合构成单词的方法(2025·全国一卷阅读B篇)Asanewunitstarted,Iaskedeveryonetowriteapersuasivepieceonahealth-relatedtopicoftheirchoice.词汇清障persuade(v.说服)+-ive(形容词后缀)→persuasive

adj.有说服力的典题示例转化法:把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法

(2025·全国一卷阅读A篇)Batteriesareenergy-efficientandelectriccarscanplugintoexistingsystemsandservices.Newsolid-statebatterieswilltakeacarfartheronasinglecharge.词汇清障常规词性:v.充电。文中词性:n.(一次)充电量(theamountofelectricityabatteryholds)。典题示例合成法:由两个或两个以上的单词组成一个新单词的方法

(2025·全国一卷阅读B篇)Forthenexttwoassignments,apersonal-narrative①unitfollowedbyacreative-writing②workshop,Ionlyrequiredthatthepiecemeetthespecificationsofitsgenre(体裁)andthatitcontainathesis.词汇清障①personal(个人的)+narrative(叙述的,故事体的)→personal-narrative个人叙事的②creative(有创造力的)+writing(写作)→creative-writing

创意写作;创造性写作Ⅰ.选出下列句中加黑单词的汉语意思1ActA.n.行为,行动B.n.法案C.v.行动①Itwasamomentofconnection,abridgebuiltbetweenculturesthroughthesimpleactofsharingmyname.(2025·全国二卷满分作文)

A②Sheexplainsweareata“tippingpoint”inhistoryandmustactnowtopreventanextinction-leveleventforhumanity.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)

③UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypurchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)

CB2subjectA.n.主题B.n.实验对象C.adj.取决于;视……而定D.n.(文学、艺术作品中描写的)人物,对象①Morethanonce,Ifoundmyselfwonderingjusthowmystudents,who’dcreatedthesepeople,knewtheirsubjectssowell.(2025·全国一卷阅读B)

②AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读D)

DA③Weofferscholarshipstolow-incomeschoolsandyouthorganizations,subjecttoavailability.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读A)

④Ouryoungsubjectscomprehendedthequestionsandknewexactlywhatwasaskedofthem.(2022·全国乙卷完形填空)

CB3practiceA.n.练习B.n.习惯;习俗

C.v.从事(医生、

律师等职业)①Doctorspracticemedicineandlawyerspracticelawandyoushouldallowyourselfthepracticeittakestosustainaplant.(2025·全国二卷阅读C)

;

②Themoretimeyouspendinanygivencountry,themorecomfortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.(2022·全国甲卷七选五)

CABⅡ.根据语境和构词法写出加黑单词的词性和汉语意思1.IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D) documentn.文件,(计算机)文档→

v.记录,记载2.Thisenergytransition(变革)isglobal,andtheamountofrenewableenergytheworldwillneedis“alittlebitmind-blowing,”saysmechanica